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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dispositif d’assistance associé à des robots manipulateurs utilisés dans des procédés de fabrication/FSW / Assistance device associated to robot manipulators used in FSW process

Dardouri, Fawzia 08 November 2018 (has links)
Les robots industriels sont très utilisés aujourd’hui dans de nombreuses applications industrielles pour leur polyvalence et leur facilité programmation. Cependant, malgré leurs performances, ces robots ne sont pas adaptés à certains procédés de fabrication où des forces uniformes et élevées ainsi qu'une précision de positionnement appropriée sont requises. Le présent travail est axé sur la robotisation de l'une des opérations à forte charge, le soudage par friction-malaxage (FSW). Cette méthode d’assemblage s’utilise pour assembler des pièces en phase solide. Pour cette raison, une force de poussée très élevée est nécessaire pour ramollir le matériau pendant cette opération. En raison des forces élevées, la position de l'outil dévie de la trajectoire désirée. Dans ces travaux de thèse, la possibilité d'utiliser un dispositif d’assistance associé à un robot manipulateur est étudiée afin d’améliorer sa capacité de charge et sa rigidité. Dans une première partie, une modélisation géométrique, cinématique et dynamique ainsi que de déformation d’un robot industriel Kuka KR500-2MT est développée en localisant la flexibilité au niveau des articulations. La deuxième partie consiste à améliorer les performances de la robotisation du procédé FSW par différentes méthodes qui sont la modification du système de compensation de gravité, l’ajout d’une masse additionnelle sur l’outil, l’ajout d’une structure parallèle et l’utilisation de deux robots en mode coopératif. Les deux dernières solutions consistent à exercer des forces directement sur l’outillage. De cette façon, le mouvement de l'outil est principalement piloté par le robot industriel, tandis que le dispositif d’assistance (soit la structure parallèle ou le deuxième robot utilisé dans le système coopératif) assure la génération de forces de poussées très élevées. Des algorithmes d’optimisation ont été utilisés afin de minimiser les déviations de l’outil et donc réduire les défauts de soudage. Finalement, une étude de l’espace de travail est menée en utilisant le logiciel Catia. La connaissance de l'espace de travail pour les solutions proposées nous permet d’estimer les applications de soudage possibles ainsi que leur comparaison.. / Nowadays industrial robots are used in many manufacturing applications because of their versatility and easy applicability. Notwithstanding their performance these robots are not suitable for some manufacturing processes where uniform and high forces together with suitable precision of position are required. The present research is focused on the robotization of one of the high-thrust operations, the friction stir welding (FSW). This method for connecting two parts works while the connected materials are in the solid phase. For this reason a very high axial force is needed to soften the material during the welding process. Due to these high forces the position of the tool of a serial robot deviates from the desired trajectory. In this PhD work, the possibility of using a parallel structure device is investigated to improve the load capacity and stiffness of a heavy loadmanipulator robot. In a first part, the geometric, kinematic and dynamic modeling and the flexibility of an industrial robot, Kuka KR500-2MT are developed by locating flexibility at the joints. The second part is to improve the performance of the FSW process using an industrial robot. So different methods are examined: the modification of the gravity compensation system, the addition of an additional mass on the tool, the addition of a parallel structure and the use of a cooperative system. The last two solutions exert forces directly on the process tool. In this way the movement of the tool is mainly generated by the industrial serial robot, while the assistive device (either the parallel structure or the second robot used in the cooperatif system) ensures the generation of very high axial forces. Optimization algorithms are developed to minimize deviations and thus reduce welding defects. Finally, a study of the workspace is studied using Catia software. Knowledge of the system workspace with the proposed solutions allows to estimate the possible welding applications that can be achieved using these systems.
2

Estudo do controle uni-axial do mancal de levitação magnética do tipo atração para potência nula (ZPC, zero power control). / Control study of uni-axial magnetic levitation bearing type attraction to zero power (ZPC, zero power control).

Mello, Orlando Homen de 02 February 2011 (has links)
O mancal magnético base deste trabalho é de 1-GDL(grau de liberdade) de controle uni-axial com circuito magnético híbrido do tipo atração, o qual foi desenvolvido em 2000 na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo por Silva e Horikawa [1][2]. Nas duas extremidades do rotor são fixados ímãs, e em oposição ficam os atuadores eletromagnéticos com núcleos ferromagnéticos. Os ímãs são atraídos para os atuadores pelas forças magnéticas devido à presença dos núcleos ferromagnéticos dos dois atuadores. Devido à concorrência entre as forças magnéticas de atração, o rotor fica confinado na posição central do eixo axial resultando numa rigidez passiva para esforços radiais. E na direção axial, a posição do rotor é definida pelo controle ativo que produz o efeito da levitação magnética do rotor. Se o rotor do mancal magnético sofrer esforços na direção axial, o sistema de controle deve aplicar mais corrente elétrica nos atuadores para assegurar o correto posicionamento do rotor, isto pode gerar um enorme consumo de energia elétrica. Este trabalho estuda o princípio de controle de mancal magnético com potência nula para ser aplicado no projeto de uma bomba centrífuga mista, que tem seu rotor suspenso magneticamente. É chamada de potência nula a condição de operação com o mínimo de consumo de energia na levitação do rotor. A bomba em projeto será utilizada no auxílio da circulação sanguínea, aliviando a carga do bombeamento do ventrículo esquerdo do coração doente, por isso o projeto da bomba é chamado de Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV). As necessidades técnicas do DAV justificam o emprego do sistema de mancal magnético e do controle de potência nula. Para se aplicar a técnica de controle de potência nula é essencial que o sistema magnético do mancal seja do tipo híbrido. Este estudo se desenvolveu a partir do sistema de mancal magnético desenvolvido por Silva e Horikawa [1][2] pela semelhança de propriedades que o mancal do DAV solicita. O Algoritmo do controle de potência nula (ZPC- zero power control) foi desenvolvido para proporcionar um código simples e pequeno sem comprometer a robustez do controle que o projeto do DAV requer. / The magnetic bearing of this work is based on the 1-DOF (degree of freedom) control uni-axial magnetic circuit with hybrid-type attraction, which was developed in 2000 at the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo by Silva and Horikawa [1][2]. At both ends of the rotor magnets are fixed, and in opposition are the electromagnetic actuators with ferromagnetic cores. The magnets are attracted to the actuators by the forces due to the presence of ferromagnetic cores of the two actuators. Due to competition between the magnetic forces of attraction, the rotor is confined in the central position of the axial stiffness resulting in efforts to radial. And in the axial direction, the rotor position is defined by the active control that produces the effect of magnetic levitation of the rotor. If the rotor magnetic bearing suffer efforts in the axial direction, the control system should apply more electrical current in the actuators to ensure correct positioning of the rotor, this can generate a huge power consumption. This paper studies the principle of magnetic bearing control with zero power to be applied in designing a mixed centrifugal pump, which has its rotor magnetically suspended. It is called the zero power operating condition with minimal energy consumption in the levitation of the rotor. The pump design will be used to aid blood circulation, relieving the load on the pumping of the left ventricle of the heart sick, so the pump design is called a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). The technical needs of the DAV justify the use of magnetic bearing system and zero power control. To apply the technique of zero power control is essential that the magnetic bearing system is a hybrid. This study was developed from the magnetic bearing system developed by Silva and Horikawa [1] [2] by the similarity of the bearing properties of the DAV requests. The algorithm of zero power control (ZPC-zero power control \") was developed to provide a simple and small code without compromising the robustness of the control that the project requires the VAD.
3

Estudo do controle uni-axial do mancal de levitação magnética do tipo atração para potência nula (ZPC, zero power control). / Control study of uni-axial magnetic levitation bearing type attraction to zero power (ZPC, zero power control).

Orlando Homen de Mello 02 February 2011 (has links)
O mancal magnético base deste trabalho é de 1-GDL(grau de liberdade) de controle uni-axial com circuito magnético híbrido do tipo atração, o qual foi desenvolvido em 2000 na Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo por Silva e Horikawa [1][2]. Nas duas extremidades do rotor são fixados ímãs, e em oposição ficam os atuadores eletromagnéticos com núcleos ferromagnéticos. Os ímãs são atraídos para os atuadores pelas forças magnéticas devido à presença dos núcleos ferromagnéticos dos dois atuadores. Devido à concorrência entre as forças magnéticas de atração, o rotor fica confinado na posição central do eixo axial resultando numa rigidez passiva para esforços radiais. E na direção axial, a posição do rotor é definida pelo controle ativo que produz o efeito da levitação magnética do rotor. Se o rotor do mancal magnético sofrer esforços na direção axial, o sistema de controle deve aplicar mais corrente elétrica nos atuadores para assegurar o correto posicionamento do rotor, isto pode gerar um enorme consumo de energia elétrica. Este trabalho estuda o princípio de controle de mancal magnético com potência nula para ser aplicado no projeto de uma bomba centrífuga mista, que tem seu rotor suspenso magneticamente. É chamada de potência nula a condição de operação com o mínimo de consumo de energia na levitação do rotor. A bomba em projeto será utilizada no auxílio da circulação sanguínea, aliviando a carga do bombeamento do ventrículo esquerdo do coração doente, por isso o projeto da bomba é chamado de Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV). As necessidades técnicas do DAV justificam o emprego do sistema de mancal magnético e do controle de potência nula. Para se aplicar a técnica de controle de potência nula é essencial que o sistema magnético do mancal seja do tipo híbrido. Este estudo se desenvolveu a partir do sistema de mancal magnético desenvolvido por Silva e Horikawa [1][2] pela semelhança de propriedades que o mancal do DAV solicita. O Algoritmo do controle de potência nula (ZPC- zero power control) foi desenvolvido para proporcionar um código simples e pequeno sem comprometer a robustez do controle que o projeto do DAV requer. / The magnetic bearing of this work is based on the 1-DOF (degree of freedom) control uni-axial magnetic circuit with hybrid-type attraction, which was developed in 2000 at the Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo by Silva and Horikawa [1][2]. At both ends of the rotor magnets are fixed, and in opposition are the electromagnetic actuators with ferromagnetic cores. The magnets are attracted to the actuators by the forces due to the presence of ferromagnetic cores of the two actuators. Due to competition between the magnetic forces of attraction, the rotor is confined in the central position of the axial stiffness resulting in efforts to radial. And in the axial direction, the rotor position is defined by the active control that produces the effect of magnetic levitation of the rotor. If the rotor magnetic bearing suffer efforts in the axial direction, the control system should apply more electrical current in the actuators to ensure correct positioning of the rotor, this can generate a huge power consumption. This paper studies the principle of magnetic bearing control with zero power to be applied in designing a mixed centrifugal pump, which has its rotor magnetically suspended. It is called the zero power operating condition with minimal energy consumption in the levitation of the rotor. The pump design will be used to aid blood circulation, relieving the load on the pumping of the left ventricle of the heart sick, so the pump design is called a Ventricular Assist Device (VAD). The technical needs of the DAV justify the use of magnetic bearing system and zero power control. To apply the technique of zero power control is essential that the magnetic bearing system is a hybrid. This study was developed from the magnetic bearing system developed by Silva and Horikawa [1] [2] by the similarity of the bearing properties of the DAV requests. The algorithm of zero power control (ZPC-zero power control \") was developed to provide a simple and small code without compromising the robustness of the control that the project requires the VAD.

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