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Decentralization and democratization of natural resources management programs in India : a study of self-governing resource user-groupsEnarth, Shashidharan 11 1900 (has links)
For many decades in India, natural resource management (NRM) programs were implemented
by government bureaucracies in a centralized, top-down manner. The programs were
unsustainable and suffered from resource use inefficiency and inequity. In the 1990s, under
pressure from civil society organizations and multilateral agencies, the Government of India
and many State Governments introduced policies that decentralized NRM programs and
mandated active participation of users in the management of resources. When implementation
responsibilities were transferred to resource user-groups many of the problems associated with
centralization could be reduced significantly. However, despite their proven capacity of being
better resource managers than government agencies, the user-groups encountered difficulties
as self-governed people's organizations. Participation of users declined and problems of
equity resurfaced in many user-groups.
This dissertation describes the research that examines the causes of problems in the
governance of user-groups in villages of Mehsana District in Gujarat. Using an eight-fold
criteria of good governance, the study looks at eight Water Users Associations (WUAs) that
took over irrigation management responsibilities from the Irrigation Department. This
program of decentralization of irrigation is called Participatory Irrigation Management (PIM).
The assessment of each WUA on each of the eight criteria reveals a close link between
characteristics of good governance and the process of democratization. It can be seen that the
WUAs that performed well on participation, equity, transparency, accountability, rule of law
and consensus-orientation were less likely to face situations of dysfunction than the WUAs
that performed poorly on these criteria. These criteria for good governance are also the core elements of democratic governance. At the same time, the case-studies reveal the tension
between the democratization process that is attempted within the WUAs and the historical and
cultural legacy of the feudal, autocratic and patriarchal society that rural India has been for
many centuries.
The thesis supports the argument, with empirical evidence, that the decentralization process
can be sustainable only when user-groups institutionalize democratic processes and the early
leaders behave in a democratic manner. It also suggests that the transition from an
undemocratic institution to a democratic one can be enabled when external support agencies
play an important catalytic role.
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Individual, Social and Environmental Correlates of Youth Smoking CessationSchlievert, Coralynne 17 August 2012 (has links)
This cross-sectional study examines data from the 2008-2009 Youth Smoking Survey among never, current and former smoking grade 9-12 students using logistic regression. Path analysis examining correlates of former from current smoking was conducted for females and males. Former smokers represent a distinct, often intermediary, group of students between current and never smokers. Former smokers have similarities with current smokers on individual factors but more closely resemble never smokers on social and environmental factors. Among females, social factors were most influential; whereas environmental and individual factors played more of a role in male smoking cessation. These results further describe youth who quit smoking. The strong effects from social factors suggest the importance of family and peer support for quitting. These findings inform the development of youth cessation programming by providing a target profile and highlighting areas for intervention focus.
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Effects of background knowledge on associative learning in causal domainsHale, Christopher R. 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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Pavlovian conditioning is the consequence of more than just the number of CS-US pairingsMurphy, Robin A. J. January 1993 (has links)
Three Pavlovian conditioning experiments with rats were performed to test predictions from models of associative learning. The procedure in all 3 experiments involved assessing conditioned responding to a Light that was compounded with either perfect or imperfect auditory signals for food. In Experiment 1 a partially reinforced Light which signaled 100% of the food pellets acquired a greater ability to elicit a conditioned response when the auditory cues with which it was paired were relatively poor predictors of the food. In Experiment 2 the Light was still a moderate positive predictor for food, but food was presented both in the presence and absence of the Light. Responding to the Light again was reliably higher when the auditory cues were poor predictors of food. Experiment 3 replicated the results from Experiment 2 and included two control conditions to assess sensitivity to the absolute validity of the Light. In both control conditions the Light was uncorrelated with the US. In one condition the number of food presentations was the same as in the experimental condition, while in the second the number of Light-food pairings was maintained. Results suggested that regardless of the absolute contingency of the Light responding was higher when the auditory cues were uncorrelated with food. These findings suggest that associative models of cue competition make accurate predictions of conditioned behavior following exposure to multiple predictors of reinforcement.
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The effects of immediate and delayed feedback following correct or incorrect responses on the long term retention of paired associate learningCostello, Abby. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Villanova University, 2007. / Psychology Dept. Includes bibliographical references.
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Agenda semper recogitanda the Americanist catechetical agenda and the National Catholic Educational Association /Jacobs, Richard Michael. January 1990 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Tulsa, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 304-339.
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Der Associationsbegriff bei LeibnizFrenzel, Bernhard, January 1898 (has links)
Inaug. Diss. - Leipzig. / Vita.
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The implicit association test for conscientiousness an indirect method of measuring personality /Anderson, Ryan D. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--Bowling Green State University, 2009. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 47 p. Includes bibliographical references.
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Un prêtre, Antoine Chevrier : fondateur du Prado, 1826-1879 /Six, Jean-François, Ancel, Alfred, January 1986 (has links)
Thèse--Lettres--Paris, 1966. / Thèse soutenue sous le titre : "Un prêtre lyonnais, Antoine Chevrier" Bibliogr. p. 425-514. Index.
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The recall of completed and incompleted tasks in an ego-threatening situation and certain personality correlatesZolik, Edwin Stanislaus, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis--Catholic University of America. / Bibliography: p. 54-55.
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