The main concern of this thesis is examining the affects and causes of traffic oriented design on the social generation of boulevards in terms of communication. For this purpose, boulevard concept and its historical evaluation are explained. In addition, communication is used as a tool for understanding, combining and examining the social and technical structure of boulevard. In this respect, this thesis aims to explore the boulevard concept with the spatial communication measures. To provide empirical evidence, a chart of categories of communication is prepared in terms of human and machine interposed aspects of communication. The activities of relation along the boulevard are examined by transversal and longitudinal movements with the help of the behavioral sciences and proxemics and the theoretical relation between boulevard and communication is applied on the case of The Atat&uuml / rk Boulevard, Ankara. It is observed from the findings that, longitudinal movement prior to situated activity is increased, the transversal movement prior to random activity is decreased. This causes the loss of human aspects along the boulevard, which is designed for human.

This thesis examines the recent phenomenon of Atat&uuml / rk&rsquo / s tattoos through a twofold theoretical framework of body politics and secularism. Firstly, it examines the growing interest on the body in social sciences, which has focused on the body as a site of both docility and subversivity. Additionally, the body has been rediscovered as a fetish object through which selfhood and subjectivity are continually reconstructed and contested. These developments were simultaneously conditioned by and manifested themselves in an understanding of &lsquo / the body as a project&rsquo / . Secondly, the study explores Atat&uuml / rk&rsquo / s continued legacy in Turkish politics and for the nation-people. 73 years after his death, Atat&uuml / rk still remains the utmost personification of the secular Turkish nation state. An effort is made to demonstrate how &lsquo / the secular&rsquo / , representing the normative nation-identity, and &lsquo / the religious&rsquo / , representing its Other, have been made in Turkish history. In light of these theories, Atat&uuml / rk tattoo almost seems like an oxymoron: &lsquo / tattoo&rsquo / carrying controversial and rebellious, and &lsquo / Atat&uuml / rk&rsquo / statist and conformist undertones. The main ambition of this thesis is to explore this contradiction through an analysis of whether the Atat&uuml / rk tattoo is a spontaneous (body) politics on the side of &lsquo / the people&rsquo / or whether it is a symptom of Kemalism&rsquo / s current position in society and politics. Finally, to better understand the subject, field research has been conducted with tattoo artists and people with the Atat&uuml / rk tattoo, in 3 cities, through the summer and fall of 2010.

The thesis puts forward the problematic situation in the very urban center of Ankara with an analytical method to investigate the roots of several problems. Building its argument on historical facts, in depth observations, and political, social, and urban analysis, it proposes a rational basis for the rehabilitation of 19 Mayis Sports District, mainly focusing on the means of elevating the physical quality through the capacity of social inclusion concerning the sports activity settings and places in the region. All in all, the basic argument stands on the belief that the spatial basis of the 19 Mayis Sports District and the neighboring urban tissue around it might be re-defined and rehabilitated, if only its historical, political, ideological, and socio-cultural bases are redefined. Therefore, the study searches for rehabilitation of the 19 Mayis Sports District in Ulus, Ankara, by adapting and integrating sports with other cultural collective practices, and defining it as an alternative life-style for citizens. Because the district lays on the second division of Atat&uuml / rk Culture Center Region, a sports culture and its policy should be defined and designed for to amend that division of the region by preparing a principal master plan for the region and for the division.

ABSTRACT IMPROVEMENT OF ATAT&Uuml / RK STREET IN ANTALYA AS A PROBLEM OF SPATIAL CONTINUITY SAYDAM, Oya M.Arch., Department of Architecture Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Vacit MAMOGLU January 2006, 162 pages The city is a fundamental and universal human creation. It is a unique centre for social life as well as individual and collective fulfillment. However, cities have been shaped and reshaped by mere functionalistic, stylistic and materialistic aspects rather than developmental ones that incorporate social, cultural and environmental variables. The frantic, irreversible urban growth that societies throughout the world have experienced over the past few decades has caused a transformation of urban spaces and agglomerations, which rarely corresponds to expectations, and aspirations. Especially public spaces have played a key role within this transformation of the cities. In this context, conserving local public places, as a reminder of the past and an echo of the spirit of culture, is a matter of a great concern to reinstating identity and character. The thesis supports this argument by the case study of Atat&uuml / rk Street in Antalya, which suffers from disintegration and confusion because of haphazard growth, dense building, visual pollution, and degradation of the physical environment qualities. The thesis provides a detailed account of the project from initiation through problem identification, development of conceptual framework, and finally planning and architectural proposal. The case study highlights the need for a sensitive developmental approach, which harmonises the interactions between pedestrians, traffic and street furniture as well as cultural, physical environment and technical considerations. Within the scope of these criteria, the main objective of this thesis is to bring forth a project for designing new urban design components in historic context through the interpretation of objects of historical heritage and the existing qualities. Considering the critical problems affecting physical environment and causing imbalance in the lives of inhabitants in the city of Antalya, a project proposal is presented. The project has been prepared to provide solutions with simple and easy implementation, providing better harmony between man and his environment.

Sustainability, livability and quality of life have become widely and in-depth discussed issues in the literature of urban zlanning and design. This study primarily aims to investigate the concept of walkability as a part of the literature on livability. To draw a wider theoretical framework for this study, it first seeks to answer the questions of what the terms of &lsquo / livability&rsquo / and &lsquo / quality of life&rsquo / mean, and what components they constitute. Then, it focuses on the concept of &lsquo / walkability&rsquo / as one of the major components of these terms and as a measurable notion in urban design. Thus, this research seeks to define the notion of &lsquo / walkability&rsquo / and to identify a set of measures of walkability in public spaces to be used for the assessment of the &lsquo / walkability capacity&rsquo / of urban space. It should be noted that this research particularly tries to use the indicators of walkability which can directly impact on the design quality of urban space. Third, this research focuses on Mersin historic city center which has been in the process of deterioration for a while due to various current urban policies and strategies. As the case studies, it examines Uray and Atat&uuml / rk Streets which constitute the major thoroughfares of the historic city center by using the set of walkability measures. It investigates the walkability quality of four different character zones of Uray and Atat&uuml / rk Streets, and identifies their walkability capacities, problems and potentials. Finally, it suggests the policy and practical solutions on the design of these public spaces that will not only improve the walkability capacity of these streets, but also be helpful for the revitalization of the historic city center.

Space is a social product and produced socially. For a social analysis, it is therefore necessary to put equal emphasis on conceptualisations of time and space and to analyse the production process of space. This thesis aims to analyse the production of capitalist space and it is based on Lefebvre&rsquo / s conceptualisation of &lsquo / production of space&rsquo / within the context of Marxist urban space theories. It is based on the argument that every mode of production creates its own spaces and the new spaces call for new social relations. In the analysis of space, historical geographical materialism and realist geography are used. In this thesis, the production of urban space of Ankara is analysed with an emphasis on social relations of planning and architecture. Ankara as the capital city is a spatial representation of nation state and national identity. Spatial representations and practices are analysed in terms of Atat&uuml / rk Boulevard and the squares of Ulus, Sihhiye and Kizilay. Within this scope, public buildings and monuments, housing, transportation and commercial spaces are examined by drawing on Lefebvre&rsquo / s conceptual triad of &lsquo / spatial practices&rsquo / , &lsquo / representations of space&rsquo / and &lsquo / spaces of representation&rsquo / . In the production process of the urban space of Ankara, history of space is considered as the history of its forms and representations and the production of urban space is examined in historical periods. The exploratory type of research used in this study is primarily based on documentary-historical data.

In this thesis, the loss of land totality and loss of sight of establishment purposes of a unique application AO&Ccedil / which is a very vital open green area for Ankara is discussed since it was established. The importance of AO&Ccedil / for the city of Ankara, loosing its land totality and diverging from its establishment purposes was of interest to public opinion for long years. This study aims to analyze the location of AO&Ccedil / in the city, the role of AO&Ccedil / within Ankara Metropolitan area, its qualities and the future objectives of the State Farm which were deviated from its establishment purposes by means of inefficient planning regulations. It is obvious that as a public property, the establishment purposes and the ideology behind AO&Ccedil / must be reevaluated considering the opportunities of the State Farm as a huge open green area for the city. Moreover, some future principles for the fragmented farmlands must be determined according to the development area of the city. v With this aim, the location of AO&Ccedil / in the city and the roles given to AO&Ccedil / by the Ankara city plans is analyzed since its establishment and the reevaluation of establishment purposes and the basic objectives necessary for the future development of AO&Ccedil / and design principles necessary to preserve the totality of AO&Ccedil / and open farmlands back to public use is argued in this thesis.

In this thesis the impact of the Atat&uuml / rk Dam on social and environmental aspects of the Southeastern Anatolia Project has been discussed in terms of planning and policy making, institutional arrangements, infrastuctural development and human resources development. In order to analyse the impacts of Atat&uuml / rk Dam data related to several components are collected. These components can be listed as resettlement, land acquisition and land consolidation, education, health, gender issues. The results show that the Atat&uuml / rk Resettlement has been done involuntarily. The people mostly have their compensation. However the management abilities of the resettlers for the compensations were poor. Generally the Southeastern Anatolia Project as a large scale multi sectoral projects have positive impacts on the literacy ratio and health standards. Actually the social and environmental aspects of this kind of large scale projects are difficult to predict and measure. Therefore reasonable studies on prediciting the problems related to the environemental and social issues and producing sufficient solutions become more and more important day by day. The Southeastern Anatolia Project becomes an important example for similar projects by considering its both positive and negative impacts

This thesis aims to set out an urban public design framework based on gender differences and experiences, in order to pay attention to the design of the open public spaces, parks in particular, to enhance them as places which are friendly to all people. In this manner two public parks were selected in Ankara to verify the theoretical framework and hypotheses set. The thesis study first makes a review of theoretical concepts of gender relations in public spaces and recreational areas. Then, it explains how an open public space is examined with respect to the three main headings, user profiles, use patterns and sense of safety felt by users. The case studies are Segmenler Park in the Gaziosmanpasa- Kavaklidere district and Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren Park in the Ke&ccedil / i&ouml / ren district, two public parks in two different sectors of the city with different cultural, economical and social structures. The concept of gender differences and effects of gender relations on the use patterns of a place and vice a versa, different needs and perceptions of men and women in public places and effective design solutions are studied in the second chapter. Then, two public parks are examined with the above framework. This is done first with respect to the mentioned component, and then with the data based on maps, photographs, personal observation and questionnaires which to find out the problems and characteristics of the users. Finally in the conclusion, the differences and needs of users and strengths and weaknesses of design and planning of the parks are evaluated to set specific design principles and solutions in the design of public parks.