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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Potencialidades biológicas e aspectos estruturais de compostos contendo paládio(II) e isonicotinamida

Souza, Rodrigo Alves de [UNESP] 15 August 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:38:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ra_me_araiq.pdf: 2538432 bytes, checksum: 3b82e3741e1179ffc530cdc631ba9c10 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho trata da síntese, caracterização estrutural e aplicações biológicas de quatro complexos de paládio(II), de fórmula trans-[PdX2(isn)2], X = Cl (1), N3 (2), SCN (3) e NCO (4), isn= isonicotinamida. Os compostos foram preparados em mistura de CHCl3/ CH3OH (1:1), partindo-se do precursor [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] que reagiu com a isn e sais de pseudohaletos: NaN3, KNCO e NaSCN. A caracterização destes complexos, no estado sólido, se deu pelas técnicas de análise elementar, espectroscopia de absorção no infravermelho, análise térmica e difração de raios X de monocristal do composto 2, possibilitando sugerir estruturas monoméricas, com a isn coordenada ao Pd pelo nitrogênio piridínico. Cloro e os pseudohaletos acham-se coordenados de modo terminal, via nitrogênio em 2 e em 4 e pelo átomo de enxofre em 3. As curvas TG substanciaram as propostas estequiométricas e permitiram estabelecer, com base na temperatura inicial de decomposição, a seguinte ordem de estabilidade térmica para esta série: trans-[PdCl2(isn)2] > trans-[Pd(SCN)2(isn)2] > trans- [Pd(NCO)2(isn)2] > trans-[Pd(N3)2(isn)2]. A estrutura do complexo 2 foi resolvida por difração de raios X de monocristal, e apresenta uma geometria quadrado-planar ao redor do Pd e estereoquímica trans. Nota-se ainda, que a estrutura se estende por ligações intermoleculares de hidrogênios, formando arranjos supramoleculares bidimensionais via N– H...O e arranjos tridimensionais, decorrentes de interações C–H...Nazida. Os dados de RMN em solução confirmam a formação dos complexos, constatando-se, além disso, a presença de outras espécies químicas em solução. A ação antiproliferativa dos compostos contra células tumorais de mama, LM3, e pulmão, LP07, foi investigada. A atividade da isn foi desprezível e os valores de IC50 dos complexos foram maiores que os apresentados pela cisplatina... / The present work deals with the synthesis, structural characterization and biological applications of four palladium(II) complexes, of formula trans-[PdX2(isn)2], X = Cl (1), N3 (2), SCN (3), and NCO (4), isn = isonicotinamide. The compounds were prepared in mixture of CHCl3/ CH3OH (1:1), from precursor [PdCl2(CH3CN)2] that reacted with isn and pseudohalide salts: NaN3, KNCO e NaSCN. The characterization of these complexes, in solid state, occurred by techniques of elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy absorption, thermal analysis, and X-rays diffraction of single crystal of the compound 2, making possible to suggest monomeric structures containing the isn coordinated to Pd by pyridinic nitrogen. Chlorine and pseudohalides are coordinated of terminal way, by nitrogen in 2 and 4, and by sulphur atom in 3. The TG curves substantiated the stoichiometric proposals and made possible to establish, based on initial temperature of decomposition, the following order of thermal stability to this series: trans-[PdCl2(isn)2] > trans-[Pd(SCN)2(isn)2] > trans- [Pd(NCO)2(isn)2] > trans-[Pd(N3)2(isn)2]. The structure of the complex 2 was solved by Xrays diffraction of single crystal, and shows a square-planar geometry around Pd and trans stereochemistry. It is even noticed that the structure is prolonged to hydrogen intermolecular bonds, forming bidimensional supramolecular arrays by N–H...O and tridimensional arrays, resulting from C–H...Nazide interactions. NMR data in solution confirm the formation of the complexes, noticing as well as the presence of other chemical species. It was investigated the antiproliferactive action of compounds against breast tumor cells, LM3, and lung tumor cells, LP07. The activity of isn was irrelevant and IC50 values of the complexes were higher than the ones showed by cisplatin. However, the complexes showed to be more selective than cisplatin when tested... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
2

Avalia??o farmacocin?tica pr?-cl?nica de candidatos a f?rmacos antituberculose

Dadda, Adilio da Silva 02 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular (bcm@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-15T12:31:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Adilio.pdf: 2662669 bytes, checksum: 73c86d6d555c94d57c1f0714b5c2ccbc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Tatiana Lopes (tatiana.lopes@pucrs.br) on 2018-03-23T11:44:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Adilio.pdf: 2662669 bytes, checksum: 73c86d6d555c94d57c1f0714b5c2ccbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T11:52:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Doutorado Adilio.pdf: 2662669 bytes, checksum: 73c86d6d555c94d57c1f0714b5c2ccbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Tuberculosis (TB), caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is an infectious disease responsible for a significant number of deaths worldwide. IQG-607 is an analog of isoniazid (INH). According to several experiments carried out by our research group, IQG-607 showed both in vitro and in vivo anti-TB activity. Initial studies showed that the compound INCT-TB551 (a quinoline derivative) also presents in vitro anti-TB activity. The aim of this study was to develop analytical methods by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) for quantification of IQG-607 and INCT-TB551 in mice plasma, and therefore to perform pharmacokinetic studies. The analytical method for the determination of IQG-607 in mice plasma showed linearity (r = 0.9992) in 0.5? 50 ?g/mL concentration range. Intra- and inter-day precision was < 15%, and the recovery ranged from 92.07 to 107.68%, showing that the method provides a precise and accurate analysis of the compound. In addition, IQG-607 was stable in plasma for at least 30 days at ?80 ?C, and after plasma processing, for 4 h in the auto-sampler (6 ?C) and maintained on ice (recovery > 85%). The applicability of the method for pharmacokinetic studies was determined after intravenous (i.v.) and oral (fasted and fed conditions) administrations to mice. IQG-607 levels in plasma were quantified at time points for up to 2.5 h. A short half-life (t1/2) (1.14 h), a high clearance (CL) (3.89 L/h/kg), a moderate volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss, 1.22 L/kg), were observed after i.v. (50 mg/kg) administration. Similar results were obtained for oral administration (250 mg/kg) under fasted and fed conditions. The oral bioavailability (F), approximately 4%, was not altered by feeding. Plasma protein binding was 88.87 ? 0.9%. Recently, experiments in mice infected with M. tuberculosis have shown that the compound INCT-TB551 has no in vivo activity, unlike previous in vitro activity studies. An analytical method was developed for the determination of INCT-TB551 in mice plasma to assess compound absorption, if any, after oral administration. The analytical method presented linearity from 0.1-10 ?g/mL (r = 0.9999). After development of the analytical method, the compound was orally administered in mice and the plasma levels were quantified at time points for up to 1 h. The compound INCT-TB551 was detected in the plasma of animals, which indicated that INCT-TB551 was absorbed. Although absorbed when orally administered, the compound is not exhibiting activity against M. tuberculosis in this animal model. This finding may be associated with the formation of inactive metabolites and/or the plasma concentration of INCT-TB551 achieved may be inadequate to exert its therapeutic effect. However, these points require further investigations. The protocols described here may serve as support to initiate pharmacokinetic studies of promising compounds, collaborating to advance in earlier stages of drug development. / A tuberculose (TB) ? uma doen?a infecto-contagiosa, causada principalmente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respons?vel por um n?mero consider?vel de mortes em todo o mundo. O composto IQG-607 ? um an?logo da isoniazida (INH) que, de acordo com diversos experimentos realizados pelo grupo de pesquisa envolvido no seu estudo, apresenta atividade anti-TB in vitro e in vivo. Estudos iniciais do mesmo grupo demonstraram que o composto INCT-TB551 (um derivado quinol?nico) tamb?m apresenta promissora atividade anti-TB. O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver metodologias anal?ticas por cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE-UV) para a quantifica??o do composto IQG-607 e do INCT-TB551, em plasma de camundongos, para a realiza??o de estudos de farmacocin?tica. O m?todo anal?tico para a determina??o do composto IQG-607 em plasma de camundongos apresentou linearidade (r = 0.9992) na faixa de 0.5?50 ?g/mL. Os valores de precis?o intra e interensaio (CV < 15%) e de recupera??o (92.07-107.68%) demonstram que o m?todo ? preciso e exato para a an?lise do composto. Al?m disso, o IQG-607 se mostrou est?vel no plasma por at? 30 dias, quando armazenado no freezer -80 ?C, e est?vel ap?s o tratamento da amostra do plasma, por at? 4 horas (h) na bancada (gelo) e no autosampler do equipamento (6 ?C). A aplicabilidade do m?todo anal?tico para o estudo de farmacocin?tica foi determinada ap?s a administra??o i.v. e oral em camundongos (animais em jejum e animais alimentados). As concentra??es plasm?ticas de IQG-607 foram quantificadas por at? 2,5 h ap?s a administra??o nos animais. Quando administrado pela via i.v. foi observado um tempo de meia vida (t1/2) curto (1,14 h), elevado clearance (CL) (3,89 L/h/kg), e um moderado volume de distribui??o (Vdss) (1,22 L/kg). Resultados similares foram obtidos ap?s a administra??o oral (250 mg/kg) em camundongos que estavam em jejum ou alimentados. A biodisponibilidade oral (F) foi de aproximadamente 4 %, valor que n?o foi alterado pela alimenta??o. A taxa de liga??o a prote?nas plasm?ticas do IQG-607 ? de aproximadamente 88 ? 0.9%. Experimentos recentes em camundongos infectados com M. tuberculosis demonstraram que o composto INCT-TB551 n?o apresentou atividade neste modelo in vivo, ao contr?rio dos estudos de atividade in vitro realizados anteriormente. Um m?todo anal?tico para a determina??o do composto INCT-TB551 em plasma de camundongos foi desenvolvido para avaliar se o composto estava sendo absorvido ap?s a administra??o oral. O m?todo anal?tico apresentou linearidade na faixa de 0.1-10 ?g/mL (r = 0.9999). Ap?s o m?todo ter sido padronizado, o composto foi administrado por via oral em camundongos, e as concentra??es plasm?ticas foram quantificadas por at? 1 h ap?s a administra??o. O composto INCT-TB551 foi detectado no plasma dos animais, indicando que estava sendo absorvido. Apesar de absorvido quando administrado por via oral, o composto n?o est? apresentando atividade contra M. tuberculosis neste modelo animal, o que pode estar relacionado, por exemplo, com a forma??o de metab?litos inativos e/ou ainda, o n?vel plasm?tico atingido pode ser inadequado para que o composto consiga exercer o seu efeito terap?utico, e isto precisa ser melhor investigado. Os protocolos apresentados neste trabalho poder?o servir como suporte para estudos de farmacocin?ticoa de compostos que se apresentam promissores, colaborando para o avan?o nas etapas necess?rias para o desenvolvimento de poss?veis f?rmacos.

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