La fluorescence chlorophyllienne induite par le soleil est une nouvelle façon de suivre l'évolution de la végétation et le cycle global du carbone. Grâce au modèle simulé et aux expériences sur le terrain et aéroportée, la recherche multi-échelles de méthode de détection de la fluorescence de la chlorophylle induite par le soleil est développé dans cette thèse. Les principales conclusions et innovations sont les suivantes : 1. Les expériences de contrôle en eau du maïs montrent que la fluorescence passive peut être utilisée pour détecter le stress hydrique des culture. L'analyse de la réponse de la fluorescence et de la température montre que la fluorescence est très sensible au stress hydrique précoce. 2. Après avoir analysé les effets de la température, de l'angle zénithal solaire et du rendement quantique de la fluorescence sur la détermination de la fluorescence, nous proposons une méthode d’obtention de la fluorescence qualitative basée sur l'indice de réflectance. 3. L’analyse des effets de la détermination de la fluorescence aéroportée nous a permis de montrer que l'angle zénithal solaire et la hauteur du capteur aéroporté sont les facteurs importants qui influent sur la détermination de la fluorescence induite par le soleil. / Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is a new way to monitor the vegetation change and global carbon cycle. Through the model simulated analysis, the pot experiment and the airborne flying experiment, the research on detecting the multi-scale sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence is developed in this dissertation. The main conclusions and innovations are as follows: 1. The maize water control experiments demonstrate that the passive fluorescence can be used to detect the crop water stress, and the analysis of the different responses of the fluorescence and temperature illustrates that the fluorescence is much sensitive to the early water stress. 2. Analyze the effects of temperature, sun zenith angle and fluorescence quantum efficiency on the qualitative fluorescence retrieval, and propose a qualitative fluorescence retrieval method based on the reflectance index. 3. Analyze the effects of airborne fluorescence retrieval, and obtain that sun zenith angle and airborne sensor height are the important factors to affect the sun-induced fluorescence retrieval from the simulated analysis and airborne flying experiment.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Heat is one of the most important factors in our atmosphere for precipitation (thunderstorm) formation. Thermal energy from local urban land-cover is also a common source of heat in the lower atmosphere. This phenomenon is known as the urban heat island effect (UHI) and is identified as a substantial cause to a changing climate in surface weather modification. The proceeding study investigates this connection between the UHI and surface weather using remote sensing platforms A ten-year analysis of the Indianapolis UHI and thunderstorms were studied from the summer months of May, June, July, August and September (MJJAS) from 2002 until 2011. LANDSAT space borne satellite technology and land-surface based weather radar technology was used in this analysis for thunderstorm investigation. Precipitation areas identified from land-based NEXRAD WSR-88D technology were used to identify convection from non-synoptic forcing and non-normal surface diurnal heating scenarios. Only convection appearing from the UHI were studied and analyzed. Results showed twenty-one events over eighteen days with the year 2005 and 2011 having the largest frequency of events. The month of August had the largest concentration with seven events during the late afternoon hours. UHI results showed July had the largest heat island magnitude with April and September having the lowest magnitude in UHI temperatures. Three events of the twenty-one storm paths did not had a significant mean temperature difference in the heat island below the storm reflectivity. The nineteen storm paths that were significant had a warmer area underneath storm path development by an average 6.2°C than surrounding areas. UHI initiation points showed twelve of the twenty-one events having statistically significant differences between 2 km initiation areas and the rest of the study areas. Land-cover results showed low intensity developed areas had the most land-cover type (48%) in the 2km initiation buffer regions.