Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-113).

Thesis (Ph.D. in Toxicology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-147).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-138).

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2010.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2008--Frankfurt (Main).

Heidelberg, Universiẗat, Diss. : 1995.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 2006. / Embargoed. Vita. Bibliography: 191-192.

Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία μελετάται η ικανότητα μόνωσης των γραμμών μεταφοράς του ελληνικού δικτύου μεταφοράς και διανομής ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας, καθώς και η αντικεραυνική συμπεριφορά τους. Αρχικά, γίνεται μια μικρή ιστορική αναδρομή και παρουσιάζονται κάποια στοιχεία τα οποία αφορούν το ελληνικό σύστημα μεταφοράς. Στη συνέχεια γίνεται μια πιο αναλυτική περιγραφή των γραμμών μεταφοράς, παρουσιάζοντας τις κατηγοριοποιήσεις στις οποίες και υπόκεινται, με κύρια κριτήρια αυτών να είναι η ονομαστική τάση υπό την οποία είναι φορτισμένες, το μήκος, αλλά και την ικανότητά τους στην μεταφορά ηλεκτρικής ενέργειας. Επίσης, γίνεται αναφορά στις καταπονήσεις τις οποίες δέχονται οι γραμμές αλλά και στην μόνωση, όπως και στα χαρακτηριστικά τους. Έπειτα, εξετάζονται οι κεραυνοί και παρατίθεται μια ενδελεχής παρουσίαση των ειδών των κεραυνικών αλλά και των ατμοσφαιρικών εκκενώσεων, προχωρώντας μετά στην αναφορά των κύριων χαρακτηριστικών των κεραυνών, των αποτελεσμάτων τα οποία προκαλούν, αλλά και των παραμέτρων από τις οποίες εξαρτούνται και χαρακτηρίζονται. Πιο κάτω, μπορούμε να δούμε ποια είναι τα κύρια είδη σφαλμάτων στις εναέριες γραμμές μεταφοράς και από ποιά αίτια αυτά προκαλούνται. Το επόμενο κεφάλαιο πραγματεύεται τη μόνωση των γραμμών αλλά και τα πλήγματα από τους κεραυνούς. Πιο αναλυτικά, εξετάζονται οι μηχανισμοί που προκαλούν την παραγωγή υπερτάσεων στις γραμμές, ενώ γίνεται ιδιαίτερη μνεία στο φαινόμενο της ανάστροφης διάσπασης της μόνωσης των γραμμών, καθώς και στα σφάλματα θωράκισης. Έπειτα, για το καθορισμό της θέσης του αγωγού προστασίας της γραμμής παρουσιάζονται οι μέθοδοι της μέγιστης γωνίας και η ηλεκτρογεωμετρική μέθοδος, ενώ για την πρόβλεψη του πιθανού αριθμού σφαλμάτων στην γραμμή από ανάστροφα βραχυκυκλώματα παρατίθενται δύο μέθοδοι: η απλή και η βελτιωμένη μέθοδος ANACOM. Τέλος στο τελευταίο κεφάλαιο, υπάρχει μια εκτενής αναφορά στο πρόγραμμα ΑΤΡ-ΕΜΤΡ και τα στοιχεία του καθώς και τα συνεργαζόμενα με αυτό προγράμματα. Αυτό γίνεται γιατί παρουσιάζεται μια προσομοίωση μιας πραγματικής γραμμής του δικτύου της Δ.Ε.Η, της R-37, η οποία βρίσκεται στην περιοχή Λάππα Αχαΐας, με τη χρήση του συγκεκριμένου προγράμματος και κύρια του γραφικού προεπεξεργαστή του, που είναι το πρόγραμμα ATPDraw. Η προσομοίωση αυτή γίνεται για διαφορετικών εντάσεων κεραυνικά ρεύματα τα οποία πλήττουν τον αγωγό προστασίας ή τον αγωγό φάσης της γραμμής σε διάφορα σημεία αυτής, και μελετά τις παραγόμενες εξαιτίας αυτών των κεραυνών υπερτάσεις και το βαθμό επικινδυνότητάς τους για τον παρακείμενο σταθμό διανομής της ιδίας περιοχής. / In this diploma thesis the insulation capability of the transmission lines of the Greek transmission and distribution system of electric energy is studied, as well as their lightning behavior. Initially, there is a little historical background and it is also presented some details concerning the Greek transmission system. Afterwards a more detailed description of the transmission lines, showing the classifications in which they are subject to, with main criteria, the nominal voltage in which they are charged, the length, but also their ability of electricity transmission. Moreover, there is a reference to the stresses in which the lines are subjected to, as well as their insulation level and their characteristics. Next, there is a study about lightnings and it is provided a thorough presentation of the types of lightning and atmospheric discharges, moving afterwards to the reference of the main lightning features, the results that they rise, as well as the parameters that they depend on and described from. Below, we can see what the main types of outages in air transmission lines are and which are the causes that generate them. The next chapter deals with the isolation of lines the, as well as with lightning strokes. More specifically, the mechanisms which cause the overvoltages on transmission lines are described, making a special reference to the backflashover phenomenon on the insulation of the lines, and the proofing outage. Then, in order to determine the position of the line protection conductor, the maximum angle method as well as the electrogeometrical method are presented, while, in order to anticipate the likely number of outages due to backflashover the following two methods are represented : the simple and improved ANACOM method. Finally, the last chapter contains an extented reference to the ATP-EMTP program and its components, as well as its affiliate programs. This is because a simulation of a real line network of the electricity company is represented, the R-37 distribution line, which is located in the region of Lappa Achaia, with the use of this program and mainly its graphic preprocessor, which is the program ATPDraw. This simulation has been done for different intensities of lightning currents, which strike at the protection conductor or the phase conductor of the line at various points on the line and it is also studying overvoltages which are produced due to these lightning currents and the risk rate for the nearby service station, which is located in the same area.

ABCB10, or ATP binding cassette sub-family B member 10, is a protein localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane. It belongs to the ABC transporter family whose members are proteins that facilitate substrate transport across various biological membranes. It has been found that ABCB10 is required for normal heme biosynthesis during erythroid differentiation and also plays a role in protection against the damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. This protective effect exists both in the erythrocyte development and in the heart recovery after the ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, as an ABC transporter, its transported substrates are not known, neither is the mechanism by which ABCB10 plays a role in protection against ROS damage. In this dissertation an 8-azido-ATP photolabeling system is established to study the ATP binding and hydrolysis properties of ABCB10. Using this approach, it is found that the conserved amino acid residues Gly497 and Lys498 in the Walker A motif of the nucleotide binding domain of ABCB10 are required for ATP binding. On the other hand, Gly602 in the C-loop motif and Glu624 in the end of the Walker B motif are necessary for ATP hydrolysis. In addition, most ABC transporters increase ATP hydrolysis in the presence of their substrates. Therefore, the 8-azido-ATP photolabeling system can be utilized to test potential substrates of ABCB10. Substances related to the heme biosynthesis such as δ-aminolevulinic acid (dALA) and the mitochondrial redox state such as oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and reduced glutathione (GSH) are tested for this purpose. The 8-azido-ATP photolabeling system shows that GSSG stimulates ATP hydrolysis without affecting ATP binding, whereas GSH decreases ATP binding. Further study shows that the nucleotide binding domain of ABCB10 is glutathionylated at the cysteine residue on the position 547 (Cys547), suggesting that GSH may modulate ABCB10 activity via the glutathionylation-regulated ATP binding. This is a first insight into the molecular mechanism by which the mitochondrial redox state, through the regulation by GSH and GSSG, can modulate ABCB10 activity. / 2016-09-01T00:00:00Z

In this thesis chromatographic conditions for the HPLC analysis of ribonucleotides AMP, ADP and ATP were optimized. For their separation chromatographic column, Nucleogel SAX 1000-8, 50 x 4,6 mm, from the German company Marcherey-Nagel was used. The mobile phase of a 0,2 mol/L solution of KH2PO4, its pH was adjusted with 1mol/L with potassium hydroxide to pH = 5,00. As the most suitable flow rate was selected 1,0 mL/min. The analysis was conducted using an isocratic elution. Detection was conducted by a DAD detector at a wavelength of λ = 260 nm. Substances were eluted in the following order AMP (tr = 0,911 min), ADP (tr = 1,667 min) and ATP (tr = 7,262 min). The total analysis time of the mixture of standards, under the conditions mentioned above, lasted for 10 minutes. For the extraction of adenosine-5-ribonucloetides the real matrix frozen and lyophilized leaves of tobacco virginia (Nicotiana tabacum L.) have been used. Two methods of extraction were applied. The first procedure was based on the extraction of AMP, ADP and ATP from the leaves of the tobacco plant by boiling deionized water. In the second method 0,07 mol/L HClO4 for the extraction instead of deionized water was used. Keywords: HPLC, adenosine ribonucleotides, AMP, ADP, ATP, tobacco virginia