Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Design in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / In today’s world of mass production, many traditional craft expressions are being forgotten and techniques are getting lost. Thereby, this research proposes to deal with selected traditional African textile design and Chinese folk (fabric) craftwork technique, in order to create unique children’s products. As a designer of Chinese origin studying in South Africa, I have been drawn to Africa’s traditional material culture. I have designed some interior products for children, which combined two different traditional cultures; African and Chinese. My research focuses on the importance of cultural specificity amidst globalisation trends that affect design, and how the development of a range of design products based on the fusion of the two different traditional craft techniques can effectively be marketed locally and in China. The research methodology is exploratory; field work was conducted in China and South Africa and the theoretical component dovetails with the practicum to inform an iterative process of design, development, and prototype production.

本文探討《周易》經傳吉凶觀念，不欲陷入「經傳分觀」與「以傳解經」的爭執中，所以對於《易經》與《易傳》的吉凶觀念討論，採取調和方式，也就是運用「經傳分觀」者的優點，回歸《易經》與《易傳》於各處之時代來加以討論各自的吉凶觀念；運用「以傳解經」者的優點，看《易傳》對《易經》的吉凶觀念，是如何的詮釋。並且嘗試整理存在卜辭中「吉凶觀念」的形成初期，到存在於《周易》經、傳中的「吉凶思想」，由此，一方面得以梳理《周易》經、傳間吉凶觀念承續與再現的問題，一方面得以此為基礎，論析《周易》經、傳思想與思想史間的互動關係，就吉凶思想，追尋其形成、轉化的軌跡，或許更能瞭解《周易》所蘊藏的價值內涵，及《周易》思想與其他思想間的授受關係。 職此，筆者之研究，第一章為緒論，即討論《甲骨卜辭與周易經傳吉凶觀念思想研究》之研究動機與目的，接著討論其研究範圍，之中包含時間與材料兩種範圍的討論，繼而回顧前人對於《周易》中，有關「吉凶」觀念方面研究成果，從中得出當前研究概況，最後提出本文的研究方法與研究進路。 第二章首先對《周易》經、傳形成背景中，可能的思想資源作一探溯，透過殷墟甲骨卜辭中的探問，觀察先民對於吉凶觀念有何種認知、運用與作為，及如何從對卜辭中吉凶的解讀，以達趨吉避凶之道。 第三章探討由甲骨卜辭進入到《易經》中，《易經》吉凶觀念的內容為何？又《易經》對甲骨卜辭中的吉凶觀念繼承與發展了哪些？而從卜辭到《易經》卦爻辭這一時期，恰好歷經商末到西周初的歷史大轉變，其中「思想文化的變化」是殷周之際最顯著的變動。因此，當《易經》卦爻辭，經歷殷周之際的思想文化轉變後，對《易經》卦爻辭中的吉凶觀念和天人關係，起了何種影響？《易經》作者們回應時代潮流，表現於卦爻辭中，其吉凶內容與思想與先前的卜辭，有何不同？此皆是本章所要說明的論點。 第四章探討《易傳》對《易經》吉凶觀念的繼承與發展。我們可從《彖傳》與《象傳》對卦義、卦爻辭的解釋看，《周易》已不只是占筮吉凶用的典籍，而且成了依據天道變化，處理生活得失，治理天下國家和進行道德修養的指南。《易傳》對《易經》的吉凶觀念，有往哲理化發展傾向。而這一發展與春秋戰國時期思想文化變動有關。所以，筆者本章首先探討軸心期思想文化有何突破？而此突破對《易傳》的作者們，起了何種影響？而《易傳》作者們回應時代課題下，其吉凶觀念與天人關係為何？而對《易經》的吉凶觀念與天人關係，有什麼繼承與發展之處？《易傳》的人文化發展如何？此皆是本章的討論重點。 第五章為結論。討論本文研究發現與心得、未盡待研究之處。 / The purpose of this paper is to investigate the auspicious concept of “Chou Yi” classics and commentaries; without involving the arguments of “division of scriptures and commentaries” and “scriptures explained by commentaries”, this paper uses a compromised approach to discuss the auspicious concepts “Yi Scriptures” and “Yi Commentaries”. That is to apply the advantages of “division of scriptures and commentaries” to discuss the auspicious concepts, respectively, in the era when “Yi Scriptures” and “Yi Commentaries” originated and apply the advantages of “scriptures explained by commentaries” to observe the auspicious concepts of “Yi Scriptures” interpreted from the standpoint of “Yi Commentaries”. It intends to collect and organize the initial stage of “auspicious concept” contained in inscriptions and the “auspicious thinking” existed in scriptures and commentaries in “Chou Yi”. Thus, this study examines the inherent and recovery issue of auspicious concepts between scriptures and commentaries of “Chou Yi” in order to discuss and analyze the interaction among the thinking and thinking history of “Chou Yi” scriptures and commentaries. In terms of auspicious thinking, this paper intends to explore the course of its formation and transformation so that people may have more understanding of the content of “Chou Yi” and the reciprocal relationship between “Chou Yi” thinking and the other thinking. Based upon the above objectives, the first chapter of this paper is an introduction to discuss the research motive and goals of “Auspicious Concepts of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and ‘Chou Yi’ Confucian Classics and Commentaries” and the research scope, including time and materials. Next, previous research results of “auspicious” concepts in “Chou Yi” are explored to understand the current findings; finally, research method and prospect are presented in the article. In Chapter 2, the background of “Chou Yi” scriptures and commentaries is studied to investigate the possible foundation of thinking; by exploring oracle bone inscriptions from Shang Dynasty, cognition, application and actions concerning ancient people’s auspicious concepts are observed and how they interpret the indication of oracle bones for pursuing auspicious indication and avoiding bad lucks. Chapter 3 investigates the auspicious concepts in “Yi Scriptures” contained in the oracle bone inscriptions. It also examines the inherent auspicious concept and its development from oracle bone inscriptions in “Yi Scriptures”. During the time between inscription to “Yi Scriptures” divination when a historical transition occurred in the end of Shang Dynasty and early West Chou Dynasty, “changes of thinking culture” is the most significant transformation during the era of Shang and Chou. Hence, after the cultural transition in Shang and Chou Dynasties, what effect of “Yi Scriptures” divination due to the auspicious concepts and relationship of heaven and human contained in “Yi Scriptures” divination. In response to changes of time, what difference between the divination content presented by the authors of “Yi Scriptures” and the ancient inscription is the focal point stated in this chapter. Chapter 4 examines the heritage and development of auspicious concept in “Yi Scriptures” from “Yi Commentaries”. From the divination interpretation of “Tuan Commentaries” and “Image Commentaries”, “Chou Yi” is not only an ancient book of divination and also becomes a guideline to deal with life, govern a nation and the world, and to have moral trainings based upon changes of natural revolution. There is philosophical tendency in the development of auspicious concept of “Yi Scriptures” from “Yi Commentaries”. This development is relevant to the cultural and thinking changes during the era of Spring Autumn and Warring States. Hence, this chapter begins with the breakthrough of thinking culture during a core period and what effect of this breakthrough on the authors of “Yi Commentaries”. In response to the issue of times, what is the auspicious concepts and relationship of heaven and human from the authors of “Yi Commentaries”, what do they inherit from “Yi Scriptures” and what are their developments? How is the cultural development of “Yi Commentaries”? These are all the crucial discussions in this chapter. Chapter 5 is the conclusion to discuss research findings, lessons learned and follow-up efforts to be focused for the study.