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The conception of authority in pre-Islamic Arabia : its legitimacy and origin.Ruiz, Manuel. January 1971 (has links)
This thesis is an attempt to interpret the conception of authority that was predominant among the Central and Northern Arabs at the time immediately preceding the rise of Islam. Since that conception was not explicitly formulated, we have analyzed the role and influence of the different political and religious functionaries as well as the reactions of their "subjects" to their commands in order to discover the basis of legitimacy for that authority. As there exists an essential relationship between authority and society, we have presented the social and economic organization and the ideal values of the pre-Islamic Arabs which might have influenced their conception of authority. That is why we discuss the Bedouin and the urban settlements separately. As a possible origin and justification of authority, we discuss its connection with religion, in particular, whether in pre-Islamic times there ever existed a theocratic rulership. [...]
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The conception of authority in pre-Islamic Arabia : its legitimacy and origin.Ruiz, Manuel. January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
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The struggle for authority in the nineteenth century Shiʻite community : the emergence of the institution of Marjaʻ-i TaqlīdKazemi-Moussavi, Ahmad. January 1991 (has links)
The Shi'ite orthodoxy, represented by the Usuli trend, introduced a new institution, i.e. marja'-i taqlid, in the middle of the thirteenth/nineteenth century when the struggle for the authority of the Imam was heightened by the representatives of speculative thought in Shi'ism. This institution combined the status of the most learned mujtahid with the charisma derived from the vicegerency of the Imam of the Age without committing itself to miraculous performances or directly jeopardizing the ruling establishments. The Usuli orthodoxy successfully fought the Akhbaris' detachment from the formal bases of argumentation on the one hand and the direct pretension to the authority of the Imam by the Sufis and Shaykhis on the other hand. The Usulis not only placed the marja'-i taqlid at the head of the Shi'ite learned hierarchy, but gave his pronouncements as of binding authority for the community. Marja'-i taqlid benefitted from the growth of popular religion among post-Safavid Iranians whose religious alms and charities guaranteed the financial independence of the supreme mujtahids. Marja'-i taqlid played important roles in the socio-political development of the Shi'ite people of Iran and Iraq either by legitimizing their constitutional and reformist movements or opposing colonialist and Westernizationist processes. However, in practice, the institution of marja'iyat escaped any attempts to embed the institution into the constitutional system or into any formal structure of juristic hierarchy.
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Between freedom and givenness: (a study of the hermeneutical consequences of the concept of canon for the authority of scripture)Latham, Jonathan Cyril January 1990 (has links)
The aim of this thesis is to arrive at an understanding of the authority of scripture that is able to accommodate both a faith perspective and the fruits of the historical-critical approach to the New Testament. Put differently, the aim of this thesis is the pursuit of a specifically christian, faith-promoting, reading of the New Testament whilst still enjoying the benefit, in an as uncompromised a form as possible, of the historical- critical approach. In a sense it may be said that this task, given that the roots of both the historical-critical approach and modern Western culture are deeply imbedded in Rationalism, is equivalent to the basic hermeneutical question of whether it is possible to interpret scripture relevantly from within a cultural web of meaning that does not readily accommodate that embodied in the New Testament. In section one of this dissertation we present a characteristic depiction, based on the historical-critical theory of literature, of the authority of the New Testament. This is followed by a brief assessment that makes explicit why the historical- critical approach is not conducive to the adoption of a faith perspective on these writings. In section two, still and inevitably based on critical foundations, we adopt a perspective that is more sympathetic to faith and that seeks to discover in the concerns evidenced in the canonical process, when traditions about Jesus gradually took on more complex and stable forms, culminating in the canon of the New Testament, guidelines in helping us to deal with the problem with which this study is concerned . In the specific example of the rather ordinary concerns underlying the unusual history of the pericope de adultera (John 7:53-8:11), examined against the background of the interests underlying the canonical process, it becomes clear that christians from the very beginning faced a dilemma not unlike that with which the historical-critical approach confronts us. They had to interpret afresh, and faithfully, the traditions in order to meet the demands of situations that had never been foreseen by earlier tradents. In this respect, therefore, the history of the pericope de adultera presents us with an ongoing struggle to hold in tension the demands of new contexts with the imperative of strict continuity with Jesus. In section three, on the basis of the foundation of the authority of scripture in strict continuity with Jesus combined with the contextual reinterpretation of the tradition, the social sciences are employed. Using the social sciences, it is discovered that the two contradictory approaches that we wish to reconcile form part of two different models for interpreting reality. It is on this basis, and made possible by the common culture underlying these opposing models and by the common contact with an unspecified common core of concrete reality, that a solution is proposed in terms of a complex 'fusion of horizons', promoted by a 'precipitative environment'. In the conclusion our solution is decisively aligned with the concerns evidenced in the canonical process
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The struggle for authority in the nineteenth century Shiʻite community : the emergence of the institution of Marjaʻ-i TaqlīdKazemi-Moussavi, Ahmad January 1991 (has links)
No description available.
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Monks and bishops : studies in the background, development and influence of ascetic literature, and the concept of spiritual authority, from Jerome to CassianRousseau, Philip January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
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Thou Shalt Not: Experiences of Contraceptive Use and Religious Identity Negotiation Among Married Catholic WomenMcCaslin, Brianna Jean January 2015 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The Catholic Church is widely known for its opposition to birth control. Yet statistics show that the vast majority of American Catholics use birth control. While multiple studies have been conducted on a larger quantitative scale about the use or attitudes of American Catholics toward birth control, there have not been qualitative studies to understand the experiences of Catholics who use contraception. This study is particularly timely given the recent Catholic opposition to the Affordable Care Act’s mandate of employee healthcare provided birth control as well as, the extraordinary synod of bishops to discuss pastoral challenges to family life in October 2015. Fourteen married Catholic women were interviewed about their religious identities and experiences using contraception. Analysis demonstrated how these women constructed a religious identity by maximizing certain aspects, such as prayer and service, while minimizing other aspects, such as individual autonomy and denominational distinctions, of their religious identity. However in order to cope with the tension between their salient religious identity and their contraceptive decision making women utilizing multiple mechanisms. Specifically, they made boundaries around which types of contraception were acceptable and limits to church or individual authority; they justified their decisions based on medical necessity or betrayal they felt from the church; they legitimated their decisions by discussing God’s control and their husband’s perceptions of NFP; and they normalized their decisions through their desire to care for their children and be sexually intimate with their husbands. This research illuminates unique challenges that religious women face in their sexual decision making and sexual health practices that can help sex educators and health care providers care for women. Additionally, the Catholic Church and American Catholics make up huge forces in education, health care, charity, politics, and employment. However, not all Catholics follow the rules of the church. Those members who remain an active part of the Catholic Church, such as the practicing Catholics in this study can influence the way the church changes. By better understanding the experience of these dissenters, social researchers may be able to better understand the future of the Catholic Church.
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An annotated translation of the manuscript Irshad Al-MuqallidinʾInda Ikhtilaf Al-Mujtahidin (Advice to the laity when the juristconsults differ) by Abu Muhammad Al-Shaykh Sidiya Baba Ibn Al-Shaykh Al-Shinqiti Al-Itisha- I (D. 1921/1342) and a synopsis and commentary of its dominant themesGamieldien, Mogamad Faaik 06 1900 (has links)
Text in English and Arabic / In pre-colonial Africa, the Southwestern Sahara which includes
Mauritania, Mali and Senegal belonged to what was then referred to as
the Sudan and extended from the Atlantic seaboard to the Red Sea. The
advent of Islam and the Arabic language to West Africa in the 11th
century heralded an intellectual marathon whose literary output still
fascinates us today. At a time when Europe was emerging from the dark
ages and Africa was for most Europeans a terra incognita, indigenous
African scholars were composing treatises as diverse as mathematics,
agriculture and the Islamic sciences.
A twentieth century Mauritanian, Arabic monograph, Irshād al-
Muqallidīn ʿinda ikhtilāf al-Mujtahidīn1, written circa 1910/1332, by a
yet unknown Mauritanian jurist of the Mālikī School, Bāba bin al-Shaykh
Sīdī al- Shinqīṭī al-Ntishā-ī (d.1920/1342), a member of the muchacclaimed
Shinqīṭī fraternity of scholars, is a fine example of African
literary accomplishment.
This manuscript hereinafter referred to as the Irshād, is written within the
legal framework of Islamic jurisprudence (usūl al-fiqh). A science that
relies for the most part on the intellectual and interpretive competence of
the independent jurist, or mujtahid, in the application of the
methodologies employed in the extraction of legal norms from the
primary sources of the sharīʿah. The subject matter of the Irshād deals
with the question of juristic differences. Juristic differences invariably
arise when a mujtahid exercises his academic freedom to clarify or resolve
conundrums in the law and to postulate legal norms. Other independent
jurists (mujtahidūn) may posit different legal norms because of the
exercise of their individual interpretive skills. These differences, when
they are deemed juristically irreconcilable, are called ikhtilāfāt (pl. of
ikhtilāf).
The author of the Irshād explores a corollary of the ikhtilāf narrative and
posits the hypothesis that there ought not to be ikhtilāf in the sharīʿah.
The proposed research will comprise an annotated translation of the
monograph followed by a synopsis and commentary on its dominant
themes. / Religious Studies and Arabic / D. Litt. et Phil. (Islamic Studies)
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