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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Revision & Risk : I och med automatiserade och robotiserade redovisningssystem

Hamlin, Jenny, Wall, Emelie January 2018 (has links)
Automated and robotic accounting has expanded and covers more areas than ever before. But automation has resulted in risks within other industries. The purpose of this research has therefore been to investigate the risks that have arisen, as a result of automation and robotization of the accounting. Also to investigate whether the audit risk and audit process has been affected and if the audit process has become more automated. The research questions were answered through a qualitative method, in which nine interviews with authorized auditors were conducted. The result has then been analyzed, mainly in relation to the audit risk model, ARM. The conclusion is that the risks arising from automated systems are a lack of knowledge of the systems, interaction between the systems that lead to the information not being complete and more easily accessible information, that cyber hackers can penetrate. The audit process focuses more on internal control, data analysis and manual transactions that are more risky. This leads to a lower audit risk, where the auditors now can be more sure about that the companies annual statements do not contain significant errors. The inherent risk, control risk and detection risk are lower due to the automation and robotization of the accounting systems. The audit process has not become more automated, since there are technological barriers where the organizations ERP systems are not homogenous, and where the cost is just too high for the audit firms to adapt the automatic audit to the different customers. The auditing standard is not adapted for data analysis and a more automatic and continuous audit, which affects the development of an automatic audit process / Automatiserad och robotiserad redovisning har utvecklats och omfattar flera områden än någonsin. Men automatiseringen har inneburit risker inom andra branscher. Syftet med denna forskning har därför varit att undersöka vilka risker som uppstått till följd av automatisering och robotisering av redovisningen och huruvida revisionsrisken påverkats samt hur revisionsprocessen påverkats och om den har den blivit mer automatiserad. Forskningsfrågorna har besvarats genom en kvalitativ metod, där nio intervjuer med auktoriserade revisorer genomförts. Resultatet har sedan analyserats främst i förhållande till revisionsriskmodellen, ARM. Slutsatserna är att riskerna som uppstått till följd av automatiserade system är bristande kunskap om systemen, interaktion mellan systemen som leder till att informationen inte varit fullständighet samt mer lättillgänglig information som cyberhackare kommer åt. Revisionsprocessen fokuserar mer på intern kontroll, dataanalyser och manuella transaktioner som är mer riskfyllda. Detta leder till en lägre revisionsrisk där automatiseringen lett till att revisorn med större säkerhet kan uttala sig om att företagens påståenden inte innehåller väsentliga felaktigheter. Inneboende risken, kontrollrisk och upptäcktsrisken är lägre. Revisionsprocessen har inte blivit mer automatiserad då det finns teknologiska hinder där det är för hög kostnad för revisionsbyråerna att anpassa en automatisk revision efter de olika kunderna. Revisionsstandarden är inte anpassad för dataanalys och en mer automatisk revision, vilket påverkar utvecklingen av en automatisk revisionsprocess.
2

Mise en place d’une brique géopolymère pour la construction durable : études géotechnique, environnementale et économique / Geopolymer brick implementation for sustainable construction : geotechnical, environmental and economic studies

Youssef, Nicolas 14 June 2019 (has links)
Après la crise économique en 2008, l’activité de construction en France a connu une croissance très rapide. La hausse de la demande des matériaux de construction était accompagnée d’une augmentation des quantités de déchets de construction et de CO2 émise. En 2018, l’émission de CO2 liée aux activités humaines a atteint un niveau historique mondial de 37.1 milliards de tonnes. Ceci encourage le développement des matériaux de construction qui répondent aux besoins mutants de la société d’aujourd’hui et de demain. Les géopolymères, préparés par activation alcaline, présentent une opportunité pour produire des nouveaux matériaux plus performants et respectueux de l’environnement dans le secteur de la construction. D’autre part, l’industrialisation et la robotisation font apparition dans le secteur de la construction, avec des nombreux avantages tels que l’augmentation de la productivité, la réduction des gaspillages, du coût et de la pénibilité du travail, ainsi que l’amélioration de la qualité et la sécurité.Ce travail de recherche est mené pour répondre à ces défis et verrous scientifiques. Il est réparti selon trois axes : l’élaboration de nouvelles formulations de briques géopolymères, l’intégration des matériaux géopolymères dans le processus d’industrialisation et de robotisation de la construction, et enfin l’évaluation de l’impact environnemental et économique du nouveau système de fabrication automatisé. / After the economic crisis in 2008, construction activity in France grew rapidly. The increase in demand for building materials was accompanied by an increase in the quantities of construction waste and emitted CO2. In 2018, CO2 emissions from human activities reached a world historic level of 37.1 billion tons. This encourages the development of building materials that meet the changing needs of today's and tomorrow's society. Geopolymers, prepared by alkaline activation, present an opportunity to produce new, more efficient and environment-friendly materials in the construction sector. On the other hand, industrialization and robotization are emerging in the construction sector, with many benefits such as increased productivity, reduced waste, cost and arduous work, as well as improved quality and safety.This doctoral thesis is being conducted to address these scientific challenges and issues. These are divided into three research directions: the development of new geopolymer brick formulations, the integration of geopolymer materials into the industrialization and robotization of construction processes, and finally the environmental and economic assessment of the new automated manufacturing system.

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