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An Exploratory Study of the Determinants and Outcomes of Shared Mental Models of Skill Use in Autonomous Work TeamsTarnoff, Karen Ann 30 October 1999 (has links)
This research investigated the determinants and outcomes of shared mental models of skill use in autonomous work teams. A model of the determinants and outcomes (team task behaviors) of shared mental models of skill use was tested. Three components of shared mental models of skill use were investigated: shared knowledge pertaining to skill use in task performance (i.e., knowledge about the task, equipment, team, and team interaction), shared expectations for skill use in task performance in both routine and non-routine situations, and shared attitudes relevant to skill use in task performance (i.e., collective orientation and collective efficacy). The model included the interdependence, uncertainty, and complexity of the technology; the degree to which the team is cross-trained and its membership stable; and the level of prior experience team members have had with teamwork as the determinants of overlap in a team's mental model of skill use. The beneficial outcomes of a high degree of overlap in the team's mental model of skill use were four team task behaviors: flexibility, quality, verbal communication, and time required in task planning. The flexibility construct was defined as the degree to which a team allocated and used the multiple competencies/skills of each of its members in pursuit of team goals. A model of the development of flexibility was developed as was a theory of the role of shared mental models in flexible skill use. / Ph. D.
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Trabalho autônomo e conflitos: o comércio ambulante no território dos trensSilva, José Carlos Brito 01 October 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 / This research analyzes and seeks to understand the increase in informal activities in general and mobile commerce as a particular case and the conflict between the public and employees of these itinerant trade. This analysis is performed as a result of the dynamics inherent in the capitalist system that is based on socioeconomic contradictions, among them the need to generate a surplus of labor to thus have its disposal an army reserve. In that sense this analysis takes into account the urbanization process as RMSP suffered by one of the promotion of unemployment which had their causes in several variables.
The phenomenon of the increase in practice of these activities, named in this study as "independent work", practiced by itinerant workers in trains and other public spaces of RMSP, has widened from the 80's resulting from economic crises that hit the country causing huge recession unemployment and an economy that can be described as the results of politics applied at that moment. This unemployment is particularly accentuated in the 90s resulting from the economic opening process undertaken by the Brazilian Government as a way of integrating the country in the process of globalization.
The way this integration, was made, marked by unbridled economic openness, reflected in several aspects of the economy of the country: it has a new territoriality of plants provided by the development of technical-scientific-media informational affectry RMSP mainly because this the most industrialized in the country, it also involves a process of productive restructuring in which the industrial sector loses its economic space and it is substituted by tertiary activities; as a consequence implemented a new model of administrative organization and the production process adopted by enterprises, the model flexible also called post-fordist, requiring a new profile with more and better professional qualifications to perform the tasks, now with a greater degree of complexity and flexibility.
These changes reflected directly in the levels of unemployment now reaching ever higher rates. Informal activities in general and labor have become mobile, thus a way to ensure survival for the huge number of unemployed, to consolidate is not as alternatives but rather as a temporary work, by effective work. Just as the growing number of than practitioners in itinerant trade grew the conflicts that came to rely even violently with police actions undertaken.
The territory of the CPTM trains as public spaces and great appeal to the trade due to the large flow of passengers, has become one of those places where this picture was reflected socioeconomic and conflict is fierce. This territory, which offers easier to enable practitioners of this activity a condition of legalization of the organization and activities to provide decent conditions for a significant number of workers was the locus chosen in this research as part of the complex and contradictory dynamics of capitalist economy / Esta pesquisa analisa e procura compreender o aumento das atividades informais de maneira geral e do comércio ambulante como um caso específico e os conflitos entre o poder público e esses trabalhadores do comércio ambulante. Esta análise é realizada enquanto resultante de uma dinâmica inerente ao próprio sistema capitalista que se assenta em contradições socioeconômicas, dentre elas a necessidade de geração de um excedente de mão-de-obra para, dessa maneira, ter a sua disposição um exército de reserva. Nesse sentido essa análise leva em consideração o processo de urbanização sofrido pela RMSP como um dos pressupostos de promoção do desemprego que teve suas causas em várias variáveis.
O fenômeno do aumento na prática dessas atividades, denominadas nessa pesquisa como trabalho autônomo , praticada pelos trabalhadores ambulantes nos trens e outros espaços públicos da RMSP, se acentuou a partir das décadas de 80 resultantes de crises econômicas que atingiram o Brasil provocando enorme recessão econômica e um desemprego que pode ser caracterizado como conjuntural. Esse desemprego acentua-se de sobremaneira na década de 90 resultante do processo de abertura econômica empreendido pelo Estado brasileiro como forma de integração do País ao processo de globalização.
A forma como se deu essa integração, marcada por uma abertura econômica desenfreada, repercutiu em vários aspectos da economia do País: empreendeu-se uma nova territorialidade das plantas industriais proporcionado pelo desenvolvimento dos meios técnico-científico-informacionais atingindo principalmente a RMSP por ser esta a mais industrializada do País; a mesma também passa por um processo de reestruturação produtiva em que perde espaço o caráter industrial e ganham espaço as atividades terciárias; implanta-se um novo modelo de organização administrativa e do processo de produção adotado pelas empresas, o modelo flexível também denominado pós-fordista, que exigem um novo perfil de profissional com maior e melhor qualificação para executar as tarefas, agora com um maior grau de complexidade e flexibilidade.
Essas transformações repercutiram diretamente nos níveis de desemprego que passaram a atingir índices cada vez maiores. As atividades informais em geral e o trabalho ambulante tornaram-se, dessa forma, numa forma de garantir a sobrevivência para esse enorme contingente de desempregados, passando a se consolidarem não como alternativas temporárias e sim como trabalho de fato. Da mesma forma que crescia o número de praticantes no comércio ambulante cresciam os conflitos que passaram a contar inclusive com ações policiais empreendidas violentamente.
O território dos Trens da CPTM, enquanto espaços públicos e de grande apelo para o comércio devido ao grande fluxo de passageiros, passou a ser um desses lugares onde este quadro socioeconômico se refletiu e os conflitos se acirraram. Esse território que oferece condições mais fáceis de possibilitar aos praticantes dessa atividade uma condição de organização e legalização da atividade visando proporcionar condições dignas a um número significativo de trabalhadores foi o lócus escolhido nesta pesquisa como uma das partes da complexa e contraditória dinâmica da economia capitalista
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