Thesis (Ed. D.)--Washington State University, May 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-109).

The principle of autonomy of will is considered to be the crucial principle controlling all private relationships of human life. People in the sense of individuals of private law have opportunity to form their private relationships according to their free will thanks to the autonomy of will, even while within certain predetermined limits. The principle of autonomy of will is closely related to the principle of non-mandatory rule in private law and to the principle of equality, the principle of pacta sunt servanda and to the principle according to a person acts lawfully unless there is a legal rule prohibiting or curtailing that behaviour. The purpose of my thesis is to classify the term autonomy of will in its historical context and its definition in the context of other principles and institutions of private law. The importance of this principle is further illustrated by the specific expressions autonomy of will in our legal system. My thesis is composed of a general part and a special part. The general part is divided into three chapters. Chapter One deals with the historical appearance of autonomy of will from ancient times to modern history, ie from primary manifestations of autonomy of will in the contractual relationships of people to its international establishment. In the chapter Two of the...

68 Abstract The principle of autonomy of will is a fundamental principle of private law. It is impossible to imagine the functioning of private law without it. The principle is primarily based on the principles of equality and freedom, the key principles on which the foundations of a democratic legal system and free society are built. The aim of my thesis is to define the autonomy of will, compare the principle of autonomy of will with other fundamental doctrines and principles from which it arises and/or principles which are closely related to. I believe that most of the legal relationships based on private law are founded on the principle of autonomy of will, therefore, I decided to describe some of these institutes in more detail in my dissertation as well. The thesis is divided into a general part and a specific part. In the general part I deal predominantly with the inclusion of the principle of autonomy of will into the principles of private law. This part also contains some theoretical concepts and is closely linked to constitutional law, the Bill of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms and the principles on which the Civil Code is built. I further deal with the interpretation of certain terms, then the principle of autonomy of will itself and how it is perceived by several authors. In addition to that, I...

1 Abstract This thesis deals with the principles of good morals and public order focusing on their role function as limits restricting the autonomy of the will. Although both principles are vague legal concepts, this thesis doesn't seek to define exactly not even cover all the practical possibilities of their application. The aim of the thesis was to bring the possible content of these principles and to highlight their importance in assessing the validity of legal actions or to specify further consequences of legal conduct, which would be contrary to these principles. The view on this topic is primarily from the Czech law perspective. On exemplary and a limited number of legal institutes, this thesis tries to capture the possibilities of using good manners and public order as correctives of autonomy of will. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The theme of the first chapter is the principle of autonomy of the will and its position in the Czech legal order. Such introduction was begun for the purpose primarily for understanding the whole thesis and to highlight the importance of this principle for the functioning of a democratic society. The second chapter deals with the principle of good morals. Different opinions on the content of this term are closer specified. Furthermore, this section discusses...

A presente tese propõe o reconhecimento dos novos papéis desempenhados pela autonomia privada na regulação de aspectos da sociedade da informação. Dada a dimensão da rede de computadores, o seu carater transnacional e a dificuldade para e estabelecimento de uma regulação jurídica internacional uniforme, a autonomia privada, como poder de pradução de efeitos jurídicos, pode apresentar-se como alternativa complementar (nãoexcludente) para a disciplina de questões relacionadas ao estabelecimento de pactos negociais através da rede (o chamado comércio eletrônico) e para a eventual diluição de conflitos deles decorrentes. Ante a ampla liberdade concedida aos particulares e que se materializa através dos inúmeros e criativos empregos que continuamente têm sido atribuidos à rede de computadores, espreita-se uma gama variável de riscos decorrentes do exercício da própria liberdade e que dizem respeito, exemplificativamente,à disseminação de sites eletrônicos falsos, o não-cumprimento de contratos e a ineficácia de decisões judiciais para além dos limites territoriais do Estado prolator da decisão. Em vista destes fatos (a circunscrição da sociedade da informação entre os limites da liberdade e do risco), a tese propõe a contenção dos perigos e o reforço da segurança dos negócios jurídicos mediante o exercício da autonomia privada. Neste esforço se situam os procedimentos de certificação dos sites e de suas práticas através de selos (labelização), gerando uma nomatividade particular, de caráter obrigatório aos que a ela se submetam, transcendente das fronteiras nacionais. Ao mesmo tempo, propõe-se o estabelecimento de mecanismos para a solução de eventuais conflitos que levem em conta as características mais próprias da comércio online, tais como a distância entre as partes, a sobreposição de ordenamentos jurídicos diversos e a necessidade de agilidade das decisões através dos chamados online dispute resolution, notadamente através do emprego da arbitragem eletrônica. / Examine some of the characters that could be played by the private autonomy for the regulation of the information's society aspects that's wanted in this text (thesis). Because of the dimension of tbe computer's net is given, his transnational character and the difficulty for the establishment of international legal standard regulations, the private autonomy, as a power of auto-regulations for private interests, could presents itself as an alternative to discipline questions related to the establishment of negotiable agreements through the net and the eventual dilution of conflicts. So, the prelminary question is about the fact that the infomation's society is based between the liberty and the risk. Before of the great liberty allowed to the private users that shows up through the innumerable and creative uses that has to be attributed to the computer´s net, it could be observed a great variable of risks resulting from the exercise of the own liberty, that had to be, specificaliy, with the false homepage dissemination, with the not compliance with the agreements and the inefficiency of the legal decisions beyond the territorid limits of the State that is responsible for the decision. Therefore, shows up a new psoposal for the business seded by the net, as resultkig from performative acts or from tacit declarations to conclude behaviors, both as expressions of the private liberty. For the risk's restrictions there is the suggestion for the site's certification and its practice with the use of stamps and the establishment of private forms of controversy's dilution, showing one actual expression of the private autonomy and of the civil society.

A presente tese propõe o reconhecimento dos novos papéis desempenhados pela autonomia privada na regulação de aspectos da sociedade da informação. Dada a dimensão da rede de computadores, o seu carater transnacional e a dificuldade para e estabelecimento de uma regulação jurídica internacional uniforme, a autonomia privada, como poder de pradução de efeitos jurídicos, pode apresentar-se como alternativa complementar (nãoexcludente) para a disciplina de questões relacionadas ao estabelecimento de pactos negociais através da rede (o chamado comércio eletrônico) e para a eventual diluição de conflitos deles decorrentes. Ante a ampla liberdade concedida aos particulares e que se materializa através dos inúmeros e criativos empregos que continuamente têm sido atribuidos à rede de computadores, espreita-se uma gama variável de riscos decorrentes do exercício da própria liberdade e que dizem respeito, exemplificativamente,à disseminação de sites eletrônicos falsos, o não-cumprimento de contratos e a ineficácia de decisões judiciais para além dos limites territoriais do Estado prolator da decisão. Em vista destes fatos (a circunscrição da sociedade da informação entre os limites da liberdade e do risco), a tese propõe a contenção dos perigos e o reforço da segurança dos negócios jurídicos mediante o exercício da autonomia privada. Neste esforço se situam os procedimentos de certificação dos sites e de suas práticas através de selos (labelização), gerando uma nomatividade particular, de caráter obrigatório aos que a ela se submetam, transcendente das fronteiras nacionais. Ao mesmo tempo, propõe-se o estabelecimento de mecanismos para a solução de eventuais conflitos que levem em conta as características mais próprias da comércio online, tais como a distância entre as partes, a sobreposição de ordenamentos jurídicos diversos e a necessidade de agilidade das decisões através dos chamados online dispute resolution, notadamente através do emprego da arbitragem eletrônica. / Examine some of the characters that could be played by the private autonomy for the regulation of the information's society aspects that's wanted in this text (thesis). Because of the dimension of tbe computer's net is given, his transnational character and the difficulty for the establishment of international legal standard regulations, the private autonomy, as a power of auto-regulations for private interests, could presents itself as an alternative to discipline questions related to the establishment of negotiable agreements through the net and the eventual dilution of conflicts. So, the prelminary question is about the fact that the infomation's society is based between the liberty and the risk. Before of the great liberty allowed to the private users that shows up through the innumerable and creative uses that has to be attributed to the computer´s net, it could be observed a great variable of risks resulting from the exercise of the own liberty, that had to be, specificaliy, with the false homepage dissemination, with the not compliance with the agreements and the inefficiency of the legal decisions beyond the territorid limits of the State that is responsible for the decision. Therefore, shows up a new psoposal for the business seded by the net, as resultkig from performative acts or from tacit declarations to conclude behaviors, both as expressions of the private liberty. For the risk's restrictions there is the suggestion for the site's certification and its practice with the use of stamps and the establishment of private forms of controversy's dilution, showing one actual expression of the private autonomy and of the civil society.

A presente tese propõe o reconhecimento dos novos papéis desempenhados pela autonomia privada na regulação de aspectos da sociedade da informação. Dada a dimensão da rede de computadores, o seu carater transnacional e a dificuldade para e estabelecimento de uma regulação jurídica internacional uniforme, a autonomia privada, como poder de pradução de efeitos jurídicos, pode apresentar-se como alternativa complementar (nãoexcludente) para a disciplina de questões relacionadas ao estabelecimento de pactos negociais através da rede (o chamado comércio eletrônico) e para a eventual diluição de conflitos deles decorrentes. Ante a ampla liberdade concedida aos particulares e que se materializa através dos inúmeros e criativos empregos que continuamente têm sido atribuidos à rede de computadores, espreita-se uma gama variável de riscos decorrentes do exercício da própria liberdade e que dizem respeito, exemplificativamente,à disseminação de sites eletrônicos falsos, o não-cumprimento de contratos e a ineficácia de decisões judiciais para além dos limites territoriais do Estado prolator da decisão. Em vista destes fatos (a circunscrição da sociedade da informação entre os limites da liberdade e do risco), a tese propõe a contenção dos perigos e o reforço da segurança dos negócios jurídicos mediante o exercício da autonomia privada. Neste esforço se situam os procedimentos de certificação dos sites e de suas práticas através de selos (labelização), gerando uma nomatividade particular, de caráter obrigatório aos que a ela se submetam, transcendente das fronteiras nacionais. Ao mesmo tempo, propõe-se o estabelecimento de mecanismos para a solução de eventuais conflitos que levem em conta as características mais próprias da comércio online, tais como a distância entre as partes, a sobreposição de ordenamentos jurídicos diversos e a necessidade de agilidade das decisões através dos chamados online dispute resolution, notadamente através do emprego da arbitragem eletrônica. / Examine some of the characters that could be played by the private autonomy for the regulation of the information's society aspects that's wanted in this text (thesis). Because of the dimension of tbe computer's net is given, his transnational character and the difficulty for the establishment of international legal standard regulations, the private autonomy, as a power of auto-regulations for private interests, could presents itself as an alternative to discipline questions related to the establishment of negotiable agreements through the net and the eventual dilution of conflicts. So, the prelminary question is about the fact that the infomation's society is based between the liberty and the risk. Before of the great liberty allowed to the private users that shows up through the innumerable and creative uses that has to be attributed to the computer´s net, it could be observed a great variable of risks resulting from the exercise of the own liberty, that had to be, specificaliy, with the false homepage dissemination, with the not compliance with the agreements and the inefficiency of the legal decisions beyond the territorid limits of the State that is responsible for the decision. Therefore, shows up a new psoposal for the business seded by the net, as resultkig from performative acts or from tacit declarations to conclude behaviors, both as expressions of the private liberty. For the risk's restrictions there is the suggestion for the site's certification and its practice with the use of stamps and the establishment of private forms of controversy's dilution, showing one actual expression of the private autonomy and of the civil society.

This work examines the compatibility of prohibition of discrimination in private law and the principle of autonomy of will which is the leading principle of private law. For this purpose, the work analyses both principles and their limits, examines their conflict and possible coexistence. First of all, this work deals with the prohibition of discrimination in private relationships and the extend of its effect. This extend is limited by the scope of the Antidiscrimination Act as well as by certain exceptions from equal treatment. Considering the fact that antidiscrimination law does not have a long tradition in the Czech Republic, this work uses international law and EU law, as well as relevant case law, to interpret the norms of antidiscrimination law. Further, this work focuses on the principle of autonomy of will which is the fundamental prerequisite for realization of the will of individuals in private law. Besides the content of the principle of autonomy of will, this work analyses its limitations given by private law acts, especially Civil Code and Labour Code. The conflict of prohibition of discrimination and the autonomy of will is can be perceived from different perspectives. Some of them are mentioned in this work. In essence, this conflict is a conflict of two fundamental rights, equality...

La thèse présentée est intitulée « Le principe d’autonomie de la volonté de la patiente enceinte avant l’accouchement: Modèle de communication hospitalière ». Le travail de recherche est essentiellement méthodologique. Il comporte également une partie d’étude empirique, des enquêtes sous forme de témoignages auprès de plus de 500 patientes ayant subi une IVG en Europe. Il contribue à un thème de recherche important, la mise en place des mécanismes juridiques nécessaires à l’évolution des stratégies de santé publique du droit à l’IVG. La thèse est structurée en deux grandes parties : I. La consécration de l’autonomie de la femme lors d’une grossesse indésirée II. Les atteintes à l’autonomie de la femme lors d’une grossesse indésirée (modèle de communication) Ce découpage met en évidence le développement juridique autour de la remise en cause de la procédure d’accès à l’IVG par un éclairage de l’autonomie de la patiente. La première partie est divisée en deux titres qui présentent le respect de l’autonomie et le recueil du consentement. Le travail de recherche se construit par une analyse des données nécessaires pour évaluer les impacts du consentement perverti par le profane et le milieu médical dans lequel il s’inscrit. La deuxième partie propose deux titres qui présentent la responsabilité médicale et l’effet relatif des responsabilités quant à l’autonomie de la femme enceinte, permettant d’analyser les limites à la détermination de la patiente, le préjudice subi de la perte d’autonomie et les inégalités qui découlent des traitements différents selon les législations en vigueur. Malgré l’impossibilité de conclure à priori sur l’autonomie du processus de décision médicale, des solutions juridiques sont néanmoins proposées dans le dernier chapitre : il s’agit d’une étude de cas pour le renforcement juridique du consentement de la patiente (2019) menée aux Hôpitaux de Genève (HUG) en Suisse permettant, notamment, une déconstruction du principe de « libre-choix » de la patiente. Loin d’entrer dans une logique critique et antinomique pro-IVG, la thèse propose d’analyser les failles procédurales (le paradoxe de la responsabilité médicale) dans une étude nourrie de réflexions juridiques sur la notion d’autonomie et le statut de la femme lors de la décision IVG. / The thesis presented is entitled "The principle of autonomy of will of the pregnant patient before giving birth : a hospital communication model. The research work is essentially methodological. It also includes a part of empirical study, surveys in the form of testimonies with more than 500 patients having undergone a VTP care, in the 3 European countries determined in the study, in France, Poland and Switzerland. It contributes to an important research theme, the establishment of the legal mechanisms necessary for the evolution of public health strategies of the VTP right. The thesis is structured in two main parts : I. The recognition of women's autonomy when deciding on the use of the VTP care. II. Violations of women's autonomy when deciding on the use of the VTP care (hospital communication model). This division highlights the legal development around the questioning of the procedure of access to the VTP care by a lighting of the autonomy of the patient. The first part is divided into two titles that show respect for autonomy and the collection of consent. The research work is constructed by an analysis of the data needed to evaluate the impact of perverted consent by the lay person and the medical community in which he is enrolled. The second part proposes two titles that present the special medical responsibility and the relative effect of responsibilities on the autonomy of the pregnant woman, allowing to analyze the limits to the determination of the patient, the harm suffered from the loss of autonomy and the inequalities that result from different treatments according to the legislation in force. Despite the impossibility of concluding a priori on the autonomy of the medical decision-making process, legal solutions are nevertheless proposed in the last chapter : it is a case study for the legal strengthening of the patient's consent (2018) conducted at the Geneva Hospitals (HUG) in Switzerland allowing, in particular, a deconstruction of the principle of "free choice" of the patient. Far from entering a critical and antinomic pro-VTP logic, the thesis proposes to analyze the procedural flaws (the paradox of medical responsibility) in a study nourished by legal reflections on the notion of autonomy and the status of women during the decision IVG.

Donation mortis causa Abstract Inheritance law, in its broader concept donation mortis causa falls, is being referred to as the hearth of civil law since it interconnects both proprietary (contractual) and personal (family) aspects. Czech civil law recodification meant significant change of inheritance law legislation, including renaissance of wide range of legal institutions including donation mortis causa. This thesis aims to comprehensively and critically assess legal regulation of donation mortis causa in the Czech Civil Code. The emphasis is primarily put on problematic aspects of this regulation. The submitted thesis endeavours to find answer to the question of practical usability of the donation mortis causa. Its author attempts to provide a reasonable interpretation of provisions of lex lata concerning the subject matter of this thesis. The solution of the most serious legislative problems is proposed within the summary of the submitted text. As for the structure, this diploma thesis is divided into six parts, with each part being split in chapters and sub-chapters. The first part depicts the genesis and further evolution of the legal institution of donation mortis causa. The second part defines the terms fundamental for the thesis. This part also includes the answer to the ancient question, how to...