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Continuing evolution of H9N2 avian influenza A viruses in poultry in southern ChinaChu, Ying-cheung., 朱盈彰. January 2011 (has links)
Our systematic influenza surveillance in southern China revealed that two lineages
of H9N2 influenza viruses, represented by Chicken/Beijing/1/94 and Quail/Hong
Kong/G1/97, became endemic in the poultry in southern China since 1990’s. These
established H9N2 lineages continually evolved to generate many different
reassortants (or genotypes) and caused sporadic human infection cases. As
co-circulating with H5N1 influenza viruses, the increasing genetic diversity and the
capability to cause sporadic human infection make the H9N2 viruses become one of
the major candidates with pandemic potential.
Even though highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses were seldom detected at
the live-poultry markets of Hong Kong since 2002, H9N2 viruses were still
commonly isolated in our surveillance program. The accumulated H9N2 isolates
provided an opportunity to get insights into the continual evolution of this subtype
virus in the region. In present study, we have systematically analyzed the H9N2
influenza viruses isolated from 2005 to 2010. Antigenic and phylogenetic analyses of
60 representative H9N2 viruses showed that the Ck/Bei-like H9N2 virus lineage
continued endemic in the terrestrial poultry during the survey period in southern
China. Genotyping analyses revealed four prevalent genotypes or reassortant variants
in the field. Fifty-three of the viruses analyzed belonged to genotype B14 and B15,
which were also the major reassortant variants prevailing in southern China from
2000 to 2005. The remaining seven viruses belonged to novel genotypes that have not
been identified before. Our findings suggested that the Ck/Bei-like lineage continually
maintained high genetic diversity in this region.
The epidemiological findings showed that the isolation rate of H9N2 virus at the
marketing poultry in Hong Kong was dramatically dropped down since 2009, which
was different from what have observed in other provinces in southern China, but was
closely correlated with the hygiene measures implemented in live-poultry markets in
Hong Kong, e.g. not keeping live chicken overnight. These findings suggest the
proper market policy would directly impact the prevalence of influenza virus in the
field. / published_or_final_version / Microbiology / Master / Master of Philosophy
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A systematic review of antiviral therapies and immunomodulator treatments in avian influenza A (H5N1) infectionsQu, Han, 曲晗 January 2014 (has links)
Background
Avian influenza A (H5N1) has been circulating around and remains to be one of the major threats to human beings since it first emerged in 1997. Besides vaccines, currently there are two major countermeasures to infection in clinical settings, which are antiviral therapies and immunomodulator treatments.
Objectives
To summarize evidence on the effectiveness of current treatments against H5N1 infection and to explore the potential benefits of several immunomodulatory agents.
Design
Systematic review of cross-sectional studies and case series.
Data sources
Searches of PubMed for articles using the search term “(H5N1[Title]) AND antiviral[Title/Abstract]” and also manual search on PubMed for studies that are cited in some review papers in the first automatic search. Previous search results relating to human H5N1 infection studies are also included.
Study selection
Included studies that were human H5N1 infection cross-sectional studies or case series in which clinical outcomes were reported, CFR and survival rate were specified or could be easily derived from original data.
Results
11 articles met the selection criteria and were included in our analysis. Sample size of the included studies ranged from 8 to 308 lab confirmed cases with median age varied from 10 to 29. Leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia and elevated ALT and AST at admission were strongly associated with worse clinical outcomes with different significance across studies. Oseltmivir treatment was generally initiated earlier among those who survived. Survival benefit of oseltamivir was the most significant if the patient received the treatment within the first two days after symptom onset, and it is still significantly effective when treatment was given up to eight days after symptom onset according to one study we included. Corticosteroid didnot show any beneficial effect or it is associated with a higher risk of death when it is given according to the current treatment protocol and a delayed initiation time.
Conclusion
Oseltamivir treatment is associated with survival benefit especially when initiated within the first two days after symptom onset, while immunomodulator therapies haven’t shown such benefit so far in clinical setting but some experiments in vitro and in vivo support their use in a manner which is different from the current protocol. / published_or_final_version / Public Health / Master / Master of Public Health
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Prevalence of H9N2 influenza a viruses in poultry in southern China implications for the emergence of a new pandemic influenza /Xu, Kemin, January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Also available in print.
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Engaging avian influenza the uncertainties and pragmatics of pandemic preparedness in Hong Kong-SAR /Dirlikov, Emilio. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.). / Written for the Dept. of Anthropology. Title from title page of PDF (viewed 2008/03/12). Includes bibliographical references.
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Live poultry exposure and avian influenza (H5N1) risk perception in Guangzhou, 2006-2007Liao, Qiuyan. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-117) Also available in print.
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A case study of avian flu outbreak with regard to future emergency plans and waste treatment methods /Lau, Siu-pun. January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 76-81).
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Epidemiology of H9N2 avian influenza and impact of intervention in Hong Kong's live poultry marketsNg, Chi-fung. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45).
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Characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolates discovered during the 2004 avian influenza outbreak of the Delmarva PeninsulaFoltz, Jeffrey Andrew. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Jack Gelb, Dept. of Animal & Food Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
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A study of the HKSAR government's strategy to manage avian flu outbreaksPoon, Ping-yeung. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.P.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-146). Also available in print.
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Development and evaluation of avian influenza H5 virus antigen capture ELISAs for use in Avian influenza diagnosisPoon, Wai-man. January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-34). Also available in print.
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