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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Épidémiologie moléculaire des avipoxvirus chez l’Outarde houbara / Molecular epidemiology of avipoxviruses in the Houbara Bustard

Le Loc'h, Guillaume 13 April 2015 (has links)
L’Outarde houbara (Chlamydotis undulata et Chlamydotis macqueenii), dont les populations sont en déclin, fait l’objet d’élevages conservatoires en Afrique du Nord, Asie centrale et Moyen Orient. Des épisodes de variole aviaire y sont régulièrement rapportés malgré une vaccination systématique. En nous appuyant sur une approche épidémiologique et moléculaire, nous avons montré que cette maladie, fréquemment observée dans ces élevages, présente des fluctuations saisonnières et est causée par une grande diversité d’avipoxvirus. L’évaluation de ses impacts sur les performances de reproduction des oiseaux a révélé qu’ils sont minimes. Cependant, l’étude de la phylogénie et de l’évolution de ces virus, en montrant des introductions répétées de virus dans les élevages, a prouvé que les avipoxvirus sont un risque pour les projets de conservation. Enfin, un modèle d’infection expérimentale, développé chez l’Outarde houbara, permet d’envisager de futurs travaux de recherche sur les avipoxvirus. / The Houbara Bustard (Chlamydotis undulata and Chlamydotis macqueenii), whose populations are declining, is captive-bred for conservation purposes in North Africa, Central Asia and the Middle East. Avian pox is regularly reported in captive-bred birds despite systematic vaccination. By using epidemiological and molecular approaches, we showed that the disease, caused by a wide diversity of avipoxviruses in captive-bred houbara bustards, is frequently reported in captive-flocks, and seasonal variations of incidence are observed. Impacts assessment of the disease on breeding performances has shown they are very limited. However, the study of avipoxviruses phylogeny and evolution has demonstrated repeated virus introductions in captive-flock and thus, prove that avipoxviruses are a risk for conservation projects. Finally, an experimental model developed in the Houbara Bustard offers further opportunities of research on avipoxviruses.
2

Atividade antimicrobiana de extrato etanólico de própolis verde / Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of green propolis

VILELA, Camila de Oliveira 23 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:38:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_camila_vilela.pdf: 3723868 bytes, checksum: ab12df670772a34a813dff38ebe29029 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-23 / Propolis is a resinous substance by bees from exudates of flower-buds from several plants. Its coloring and consistancy is variable and it is used by bees to fill gaps, to embalm dead insects, as well as to protect the hive against the invasion of microorganisms. Green propolis, which has several bioactive proprieties scientifically proved, was evaluated in this study in the form of ethanolic extract, concerning its virucidal capacity against the avipoxvirus, inoculated in chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos and concerning its antibactericidal and antifungal action in embryonated eggs destinated to incubation. To evaluate the virucidal capacity of the Green própolis, 100 eggs embryonated were used, with nine days of incubation, of broiler breeders with 62 weeks of age, unvaccinated against avipoxvírus. Propolis presented virucidal activity depending on the dose and the time of vírus incubation period before the inoculation. Eggs inoculated with vírus and 2400 &#956;g/dose of propolis previously incubated for four hours presented decrease in the number of lesion pox (P<0,05) with regard to the positive control besides a decrease in the number of bodies of intracytoplasmic inclusion and in the score of vacuolar degeneration of the epithelial cells of the mesoderm of the chorioallantoic membrane. After eight hours of vírus incubation the same propolis concentration inativated completely the avipoxvirus (P<0,0001) and a concentration ten times smaller (240 &#956;/dose) reduced significativelly the number of pox lesions and the histopathological findings (P<0,05). To evaluate the antibactericidal and antifungal activities of the ethanolic extract of the Green própolis, 140 eggs from nests of broiler breeders were used. The levels of contamination of eggshells through total mesophiles and fungi ( Aspergillus sp and other molds) after the desinfection with propolis were smaller as compared to the control. As compared to the treatment with formaldehyde (positive control) the concentrations of propolis 240 &#956;g and 24 &#956;g did not differ concerning the antibactericidal activity, but to the antifungal activity 2400 &#956;g and 240 &#956;g were superiors. Concerning the eggs hatchability after 21 days of incubation, the propolis treatmens (2400 &#956;g and 240 &#956;g) presented the biggest rates, with 94,11% overcoming the treatment with formaldehyde. Thus, the green propolis, presented virucidal activity against the avipoxvirus in chorioallantoic membrane, as well as antibactericidal and antifungal activity in embryonated eggs, representing a new alternative to treatments against infections caused by virus, as well as a new natural product disinfectant in substitution to formaldehyde. / A própolis é uma substância resinosa produzida pelas abelhas a partir de exsudatos de brotos e botões florais de diversas plantas. Possui coloração e consistência variada e é utilizada pelas abelhas para fechar pequenas frestas, embalsamar insetos mortos, bem como proteger a colméia contra a invasão de microrganismos. A própolis verde, com diversas propriedades bioativas cientificamente comprovadas, foi avaliada neste estudo, na forma de extrato etanólico, quanto a sua capacidade virucida contra o avipoxvirus, inoculado em membrana corioalantóide de embriões de galinha e quanto às ações antibacteriana e antifúngica em ovos embrionados destinados a incubação. Para avaliar a capacidade virucida da própolis verde, foram utilizados 100 ovos embrionados, com nove dias de incubação, de matrizes pesadas com 62 semanas de idade, não vacinadas contra o avipoxvírus. A própolis apresentou atividade virucida dependente da dose e do tempo de incubação com o vírus antes da inoculação. Ovos inoculados com vírus e 2400 &#956;g/dose de própolis, previamente incubados por quatro horas, apresentaram redução no número de lesões pox (P<0,05), em relação ao controle positivo, além da redução no número de corpúsculos de inclusão intracitoplasmáticos e no escore de degeneração vacuolar das células epiteliais do mesoderma da membrana corioalantóide. Após oito horas de incubação com o vírus, a mesma concentração de própolis inativou completamente o avipoxvirus (P<0,0001) e na concentração dez vezes menor (240 &#956;g/dose) reduziu significativamente o número de lesões pox e os achados histopatológicos (P<0,05). Para avaliar as atividades antibacteriana e antifungica do extrato etanólico da própolis verde, foram utilizados 140 ovos de ninhos de matrizes de postura. Os níveis de contaminação da casca dos ovos por mesófilos totais e fungos (Aspergillus e outros bolores) após a desinfecção com própolis foram menores quando comparados ao controle. Na comparação ao tratamento com formaldeído (controle positivo) as concentrações de própolis com 240 &#956;g e 24 &#956;g não diferiram para atividade antibacteriana, mas para atividade antifúngica 2400 &#956;g e 240 &#956;g foram superiores. Com relação à eclodibilidade dos ovos após 21 dias de incubação, os tratamentos de própolis (2400 &#956;g e 240 &#956;g) apresentaram as maiores taxas, com 94,11% superando o tratamento com formaldeído. A própolis verde, portanto, apresentou atividade virucida contra o avipoxvirus em membrana corioalantóide, bem como atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica em ovos embrionados, representando uma nova alternativa para tratamentos contra infecções causadas por vírus, bem como um novo produto natural desinfetante em substituição ao formaldeído.
3

Genomic characterisation of Southern African isolates of capripox and avipox viruses

Wallace, David Brian 24 August 2017 (has links)
No description available.

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