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Bioactive glasses are a type of ceramic material designed to be used as bioresorbable therapeutic bone implants. Thermal treatment of bioactive glass ceramics dictates many important features such as microstructure, degree of crystallinity, mechanical properties, and mineralization. This study investigates the effects of temperature, time, and heating rates on the crystallization kinetics of melt cast bioactive glass 45S5. Bulk crystallization (three dimensional crystallite formation) was found to always occur in bulk bioactive glass 45S5 irrespective of the processing conditions. A comparative study of crack paths in amorphous and crystalline phases of bioactive glass 45S5 revealed crack deflections and higher fracture resistance in partially crystallized bioactive glass. Such toughening is likely attributed to different crystallographic orientations of crystals or residual thermal mismatch strains. Furthermore, in vitro immersion testing of partially crystalline glass ceramic revealed higher adhesion capabilities of the mineralized layer formed on amorphous regions as compared to its crystalline counterpart. / Materials Engineering

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-28T15:26:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO BIB CENTRAL SALIM ARRUDA.pdf: 4318932 bytes, checksum: a6d753eb3af831ca1aa8c18f6f631669 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-28T15:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO BIB CENTRAL SALIM ARRUDA.pdf: 4318932 bytes, checksum: a6d753eb3af831ca1aa8c18f6f631669 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / PRH-L8 Petrobrás / O acúmulo de resíduos plásticos em aterros sanitários, rios e ilhas, além da contaminação da fauna e da flora com esses dejetos, acarretou uma pesquisa intensa em materiais biodegradáveis que possam substituir os tradicionais materiais sintéticos advindos do petróleo. Os polímeros biodegradáveis são uma opção que vem sendo constantemente estudada e que pode, em um futuro próximo, competir com os polímeros a base de petróleo. O Poli (3-hidroxibutirato) (PHB) é um polímero produzido por bactérias que utilizam a sacarose da cana de açúcar ou do milho como fonte de alimento. O PHB possui características interessantes como biodegradabilidade, sustentabilidade, plasticidade e sua durabilidade. Porém, ele possui um maior custo, além de ser duro e quebradiço e termicamente instável durante o processamento. Portanto, torna-se necessário o estudo da cristalização do PHB atrelado a fibras de babaçu, com o intuito de diminuir o custo do compósito, além de buscar melhorias nas propriedades térmicas, como cristalinidade relativa, taxa de cristalização, temperatura do pico de cristalização, entre outras variáveis. Neste trabalho foram estudados os parâmetros de cristalização a partir do fundido para o sistema PHB/20% fibra de babaçu conduzidos a diferentes taxas de resfriamento (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 e 24 °C/min) e fluxo de nitrogênio a 50 mL/min e, posteriormente, esses parâmetros de cristalização, como a granulometria, tempo de processamento e diferentes partes do babaçu, foram comparados para as diferentes taxas de resfriamento. Uma segunda análise foi realizada para os parâmetros de cristalização a frio conduzidos a diferentes taxas de aquecimento. A partir do tratamento de dados obtidos para os parâmetros de cristalização a partir do fundido, realizou-se a modelagem cinética para os modelos de Pseudo-Avrami, Ozawa e Mo. Entre as modelagens, o modelo de Pseudo-Avrami apresentou a melhor correlação com os dados experimentais com erro relativo de aproximadamente 5%. O modelo de Ozawa apresentou um erro em torno de 8% e Mo aproximadamente 10%. A análise da energia de ativação foi realizada a partir do Método Isoconversional de Friedman, obtendo energias de ativação negativas, indicativo que há reações complexas na cristalização a partir do fundido para o sistema PHB/20% fibra de babaçu. / The accumulation of plastic waste in landfills, rivers and islands, as well as the contamination of fauna and flora with these wastes, led to intensive research into biodegradable materials that can replace traditional synthetic materials. Biodegradable polymers are an option that has been constantly studied and that may, in the near future, compete with petroleum-based polymers. Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is a polymer produced by bacteria that use sucrose from sugar cane or corn as a food source. PHB has interesting features such as biodegradability, sustainability, plasticity and durability. However, it has a high cost, in addition to being hard and brittle and thermally unstable during processing. Therefore, it was found convenient to study the crystallization of PHB/20% babassu compounds, with the intention of reducing the cost of the composite, in addition to seeking improvements in thermal properties such as relative crystallinity, crystallization rate, peak crystallization temperature, etc. In this work, the parameters of melt crystallization were studied for PHB/20% babassu compounds driven at different cooling rates (2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24°C/min) under a nitrogen flow of 50 ml/min. Subsequently, crystallization parameters determined in compounds prepared with different filler particle size, processing times, and different parts of babassu, were compared for different cooling rates. A second analysis was performed for the parameters of cold crystallization conducted at different heating rates. A kinetic analysis of data obtained for melt crystallization, using Pseudo-Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo models was performed. Among the models studied, Pseudo-Avrami showed the best correlation with experimental data, with relative error about 5%. The Ozawa model presented a discrepancy around 8% and Mo approximately 10%. The activation energy was estimated using the isoconversional Friedman method, obtaining negative activation energies, which suggests that there are complex reactions involved in the crystallization from the melt in the system PHB/20% babassu.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:41:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sidel_sm_dr_ilha.pdf: 916747 bytes, checksum: 29e258472ed07d7364e52a3b2739b834 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O desenvolvimento de sistemas e dispositivos ópticos deu origem à área hoje conhecida como fotônica. A busca por novas aplicações ou aprimoramento de sistemas optoeletrônicos tem levado à obtenção de novos materiais vítreos, os quais exigem minuciosa investigação com relação às suas propriedades físicas. Entre os vários sistemas vítreos estudados, os vidros teluritos destacam-se como um dos mais promissores vidros óxidos já desenvolvidos quando comparados com outros vidros clássicos, como os vidros silicatos, fosfatos e boratos. Desta forma, neste trabalho foram preparados vidros com diferentes composições para o sistema Li2O-TeO2-R (R: WO3 e Nb2O5), e caracterizados usando técnicas de análises térmicas, estruturais e ópticas. O estudo das propriedades térmicas é importante na determinação e entendimento do mecanismo de nucleação e crescimento de cristais, sendo, essencial este conhecimento quando o intuito for preparar vidros de alta qualidade exigidos para aplicações tecnológicas. O desenvolvimento tecnológico destes vidros requer que a nucleação intrínseca e o crescimento de cristais sejam suficientemente reduzidos para evitar perdas ópticas. O estudo estrutural destes vidros também é importante para determinação das unidades estruturais constituintes dos vidros. Sabe-se que a adição de metais de transição na matriz telurito provoca a diminuição das unidades TeO3 e aumenta as TeO4, assim, causando aumento da densidade do vidro e, conseqüentemente, aumento no índice de refração. As técnicas utilizadas foram as de análise térmica (DSC), FTIR, XRD, lente térmica (LT) e método de ângulo de Brewster para a obtenção do índice de refração / The development of optical systems and devices is the area known as photonics. The search for new applications or improvements of optoelectronic systems has led to the obtaining of new glassy materials, which require thorough investigation with respect to their physical properties. Among the various glass systems studied, the tellurite glasses are presented as one of the most promising oxide glasses that have been developed, when compared with other classics glasses like silicates, phosphates and borates. Thus, in this work were prepared with different glass compositions for the system Li2O-TeO2-R (R: WO3 and Nb2O5) and characterized using techniques of thermal analysis, structural and optical properties. The study of thermal properties is important in determining and understanding the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth and this knowledge is essential when the purpose is to prepare high-quality glasses required for technological applications. The technological development of these glasses demands sufficiently low intrinsic nucleation and crystal growth to avoid optics losses. The structural study of these glasses is also important for determining the structural units constituting the glass. It is known that the addition of transition metals in the tellurite glass matrix causes a decrease in the TeO3 and increases the TeO4 units and thus causing the increased of density of the glass and, consequently, increasing the refractive index. The techniques used were differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and thermal lens (TL) and Brewster angle method for obtaining the refractive index

Non-isothermal crystallization of the PET/PTT copolyesters was studied at five different cooling rates over 1-20oC/min by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Both the Ozawa equation and the modified Avrami equation have been used to analyze the crystallization kinetics. The non-isothermal kinetics of most copolymers cannot be described by the Ozawa analysis, except the copolyester with a composition of 66.3% trimethylene- (TT) and 33.7 %ethylene- terephthalates (ET). It may be due to the inaccuracy of the Ozawa assumptions, such as the secondary crystallization is neglected. From the kinetic analysis using the modified Avrami equation, the Avrami exponents, n, were found to be in the range of 2.43-4.67 that are dependent on the composition of the copolyesters. The results indicated that the primary crystallization of the PET/PTT copolymers followed a heterogeneous nucleation and a spherulitic growth mechanism during the non-isothermal crystallization. In the cases of the copolyesters with either TT or ET less than 10%, we found the molten temperature is a key factor to decide whether the Ozawa equation can be succeeded in analyzing the dynamic crystallization. For the non-isothermal crystallization, a single exothermic peak was detected in each DSC curve regardless of the composition and the cooling rate. It indicated that a single-mode distribution of the crystallite sizes was formed during the cooling process. After the non-isothermal crystallization, the melting behavior of the specimens was monitored by temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) in the conventional mode and the modulated mode. Multiple endothermic peaks were observed in both modes. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) patterns of these copolymers showed that the peak height became sharper and sharper as the crystallization temperature increased, but the position of the diffraction peaks did not change apparently. It indicated that the multiple melting behaviors did not originate from the melting of the crystals with different structures. The melting behavior of these PET/PTT copolyesters can be explained logically by using the melt-recrystallization model. From the reversing and non-reversing signals of TMDSC, the melting-recrystallization-remelting phenomena were further verified. In addition, a small endothermic peak was found at the highest melting temperature in the reversing thermogram for TT-enriched copolyesters. It is reasonably to believe that this endotherm is attributed to the melting of the crystals that are formed in regime I during the heating scan. The cocrystallization of the PET/PTT copolyesters was studied using DSC and WAXD. A clear endothermic peak in the DSC thermogram was detected over the entire range of copolymer composition. A minimum melting temperature was found for the copolyester with 50% ET. The WAXD patterns of these copolymers can be divided into two groups with sharp diffraction peaks, i.e., PET type and PTT type crystals. The transition of crystal structure between PET type and PTT type occurred around the eutectic composition (50 % ET and TT), determined from the variation of the melting temperature with the composition. In addition, the fiber diagram and the WAXD pattern of the copolyester with the eutectic composition showed a different crystalline structure. These results indicated that the cocrystallization behavior of the PET/PTT copolyesters was isodimorphic.

Este trabalho investigou a influência do TiO2 em diferentes concentrações pelo processo convencional e sol-gel in situ. Essa avaliação foi baseada no efeito do TiO2 na cinéticas de formação do TiO2 a partir do precursor tetrabutóxido de titânio Ti(OBu)4, análises térmicas de degradação e cristalização, microscopia óptica de luz polarizada, morfologias, grau de cristalinidade por difração de raios-X, fotocalorimetria, comportamento viscoelástico, visando novos métodos e aplicações na indústria. Na cinética de conversão ficou evidenciado que para 10 min e 250°C o rendimento da reação foi maior. Na cinética de degradação o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b1,5 demonstrou ter a maior estabilidade térmica. O ajuste linear a partir do modelo de FWO permitiu calcular a energia de ativação para entender o mecanismo de degradação e o método foi satisfatório onde os valores de α demonstraram um R2 de aproximadamente 0,998. A energia de ativação apresentou variações por causa da dispersão das nanopartículas e diferentes mecanismos de degradação. Para os dois sistemas estudados a adição das nanopartículas aumentaram a temperatura de cristalização e grau de cristalinidade pelo efeito nucleante. A nucleação e o crescimento dos cristais também foram afetados, como apontados no DSC e MOLP. Pode ser demonstrado por TEM que o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b1,5 pode dispersar melhor a nanocarga quando comparado aos outros nanocompósitos. Na MOLP ficou evidenciado que a presença de TiO2 provocou a formação de mais sítios de nucleação e um crescimento heterogêneo de cristais quando comparado ao PP puro. Tanto o PP puro quanto os nanocompósitos obtidos pelos dois sistemas apresentaram os mesmos picos nos mesmos 2θ identificando então, os mesmos planos cristalinos, sem mudança no polimorfismo, mas heterogeneidade no tamanho dos cristais foi identificada. O aumento da rigidez nos nanocompósitos foi mais pronunciado acima de 100°C e na Tg houve uma queda para o sistema sol-gel in situ quando comparado ao PP puro. Com a adição de TiO2 os nanocompósitos para os dois sistemas apresentaram maior fluxo de calor com incidência da radiação UV sendo mais significativo para o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b2,5 pelo TiO2 apresentar maior difusividade térmica em relação ao PP. / This work aimed to investigate the influence of TiO2 in several concentrations by conventional and sol-gel in situ process. This evaluation was based on the formation kinetics of TiO2 from titanium tetrabutoxide (Ti(OBu)4) precursor, degradation and crystallization thermal analysis, polarized optical light microscopy, transmission electronic morphology and degree of crystallinity by X-ray diffraction, photocalorimetry, viscoelastic behavior, looking for new methods and applications in industry. In the conversion kinetics was shown that for 10 min and 250°C, the reaction yield was higher. In the degradation kinetics of the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b1,5 proved to have the highest thermal stability. The linear fit from FWO model allowed us to calculate the activation energy to understand the degradation mechanism and the method was satisfactory where the values of α showed R2 of approximately 0,998. The activation energy was varied because of the dispersion of nanoparticles and different degradation mechanisms. For the two systems studied the addition of nanoparticles increased the crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity by nucleating effect. The nucleation and crystal growth were also affected, as indicated in the DSC and MOLP. It can be shown by TEM that the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b1,5 could disperse better when compared to other nanocomposites. In MOLP evidenced that the presence of TiO2 caused the formation of more nucleation sites and heterogeneous crystal growth when compared to pure PP. Both the pure PP and nanocomposite obtained by two systems showed the same peaks at 2θ with the same crystal planes, without changing the polymorphism, but heterogeneity in size of the crystals was identified. The increased stiffness in the nanocomposites was more pronounced above 100°C and there was a decrease in the Tg for the sol-gel in situ system when compared to pure PP. With the addition of TiO2 the nanocomposites for both systems had higher heat flux to UV radiation incidence being more significant for the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b2,5 by TiO2 present at greater thermal diffusivity compared to PP.

Este trabalho investigou a influência do TiO2 em diferentes concentrações pelo processo convencional e sol-gel in situ. Essa avaliação foi baseada no efeito do TiO2 na cinéticas de formação do TiO2 a partir do precursor tetrabutóxido de titânio Ti(OBu)4, análises térmicas de degradação e cristalização, microscopia óptica de luz polarizada, morfologias, grau de cristalinidade por difração de raios-X, fotocalorimetria, comportamento viscoelástico, visando novos métodos e aplicações na indústria. Na cinética de conversão ficou evidenciado que para 10 min e 250°C o rendimento da reação foi maior. Na cinética de degradação o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b1,5 demonstrou ter a maior estabilidade térmica. O ajuste linear a partir do modelo de FWO permitiu calcular a energia de ativação para entender o mecanismo de degradação e o método foi satisfatório onde os valores de α demonstraram um R2 de aproximadamente 0,998. A energia de ativação apresentou variações por causa da dispersão das nanopartículas e diferentes mecanismos de degradação. Para os dois sistemas estudados a adição das nanopartículas aumentaram a temperatura de cristalização e grau de cristalinidade pelo efeito nucleante. A nucleação e o crescimento dos cristais também foram afetados, como apontados no DSC e MOLP. Pode ser demonstrado por TEM que o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b1,5 pode dispersar melhor a nanocarga quando comparado aos outros nanocompósitos. Na MOLP ficou evidenciado que a presença de TiO2 provocou a formação de mais sítios de nucleação e um crescimento heterogêneo de cristais quando comparado ao PP puro. Tanto o PP puro quanto os nanocompósitos obtidos pelos dois sistemas apresentaram os mesmos picos nos mesmos 2θ identificando então, os mesmos planos cristalinos, sem mudança no polimorfismo, mas heterogeneidade no tamanho dos cristais foi identificada. O aumento da rigidez nos nanocompósitos foi mais pronunciado acima de 100°C e na Tg houve uma queda para o sistema sol-gel in situ quando comparado ao PP puro. Com a adição de TiO2 os nanocompósitos para os dois sistemas apresentaram maior fluxo de calor com incidência da radiação UV sendo mais significativo para o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b2,5 pelo TiO2 apresentar maior difusividade térmica em relação ao PP. / This work aimed to investigate the influence of TiO2 in several concentrations by conventional and sol-gel in situ process. This evaluation was based on the formation kinetics of TiO2 from titanium tetrabutoxide (Ti(OBu)4) precursor, degradation and crystallization thermal analysis, polarized optical light microscopy, transmission electronic morphology and degree of crystallinity by X-ray diffraction, photocalorimetry, viscoelastic behavior, looking for new methods and applications in industry. In the conversion kinetics was shown that for 10 min and 250°C, the reaction yield was higher. In the degradation kinetics of the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b1,5 proved to have the highest thermal stability. The linear fit from FWO model allowed us to calculate the activation energy to understand the degradation mechanism and the method was satisfactory where the values of α showed R2 of approximately 0,998. The activation energy was varied because of the dispersion of nanoparticles and different degradation mechanisms. For the two systems studied the addition of nanoparticles increased the crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity by nucleating effect. The nucleation and crystal growth were also affected, as indicated in the DSC and MOLP. It can be shown by TEM that the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b1,5 could disperse better when compared to other nanocomposites. In MOLP evidenced that the presence of TiO2 caused the formation of more nucleation sites and heterogeneous crystal growth when compared to pure PP. Both the pure PP and nanocomposite obtained by two systems showed the same peaks at 2θ with the same crystal planes, without changing the polymorphism, but heterogeneity in size of the crystals was identified. The increased stiffness in the nanocomposites was more pronounced above 100°C and there was a decrease in the Tg for the sol-gel in situ system when compared to pure PP. With the addition of TiO2 the nanocomposites for both systems had higher heat flux to UV radiation incidence being more significant for the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b2,5 by TiO2 present at greater thermal diffusivity compared to PP.

Este trabalho investigou a influência do TiO2 em diferentes concentrações pelo processo convencional e sol-gel in situ. Essa avaliação foi baseada no efeito do TiO2 na cinéticas de formação do TiO2 a partir do precursor tetrabutóxido de titânio Ti(OBu)4, análises térmicas de degradação e cristalização, microscopia óptica de luz polarizada, morfologias, grau de cristalinidade por difração de raios-X, fotocalorimetria, comportamento viscoelástico, visando novos métodos e aplicações na indústria. Na cinética de conversão ficou evidenciado que para 10 min e 250°C o rendimento da reação foi maior. Na cinética de degradação o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b1,5 demonstrou ter a maior estabilidade térmica. O ajuste linear a partir do modelo de FWO permitiu calcular a energia de ativação para entender o mecanismo de degradação e o método foi satisfatório onde os valores de α demonstraram um R2 de aproximadamente 0,998. A energia de ativação apresentou variações por causa da dispersão das nanopartículas e diferentes mecanismos de degradação. Para os dois sistemas estudados a adição das nanopartículas aumentaram a temperatura de cristalização e grau de cristalinidade pelo efeito nucleante. A nucleação e o crescimento dos cristais também foram afetados, como apontados no DSC e MOLP. Pode ser demonstrado por TEM que o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b1,5 pode dispersar melhor a nanocarga quando comparado aos outros nanocompósitos. Na MOLP ficou evidenciado que a presença de TiO2 provocou a formação de mais sítios de nucleação e um crescimento heterogêneo de cristais quando comparado ao PP puro. Tanto o PP puro quanto os nanocompósitos obtidos pelos dois sistemas apresentaram os mesmos picos nos mesmos 2θ identificando então, os mesmos planos cristalinos, sem mudança no polimorfismo, mas heterogeneidade no tamanho dos cristais foi identificada. O aumento da rigidez nos nanocompósitos foi mais pronunciado acima de 100°C e na Tg houve uma queda para o sistema sol-gel in situ quando comparado ao PP puro. Com a adição de TiO2 os nanocompósitos para os dois sistemas apresentaram maior fluxo de calor com incidência da radiação UV sendo mais significativo para o nanocompósito de PP/TiO2b2,5 pelo TiO2 apresentar maior difusividade térmica em relação ao PP. / This work aimed to investigate the influence of TiO2 in several concentrations by conventional and sol-gel in situ process. This evaluation was based on the formation kinetics of TiO2 from titanium tetrabutoxide (Ti(OBu)4) precursor, degradation and crystallization thermal analysis, polarized optical light microscopy, transmission electronic morphology and degree of crystallinity by X-ray diffraction, photocalorimetry, viscoelastic behavior, looking for new methods and applications in industry. In the conversion kinetics was shown that for 10 min and 250°C, the reaction yield was higher. In the degradation kinetics of the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b1,5 proved to have the highest thermal stability. The linear fit from FWO model allowed us to calculate the activation energy to understand the degradation mechanism and the method was satisfactory where the values of α showed R2 of approximately 0,998. The activation energy was varied because of the dispersion of nanoparticles and different degradation mechanisms. For the two systems studied the addition of nanoparticles increased the crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity by nucleating effect. The nucleation and crystal growth were also affected, as indicated in the DSC and MOLP. It can be shown by TEM that the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b1,5 could disperse better when compared to other nanocomposites. In MOLP evidenced that the presence of TiO2 caused the formation of more nucleation sites and heterogeneous crystal growth when compared to pure PP. Both the pure PP and nanocomposite obtained by two systems showed the same peaks at 2θ with the same crystal planes, without changing the polymorphism, but heterogeneity in size of the crystals was identified. The increased stiffness in the nanocomposites was more pronounced above 100°C and there was a decrease in the Tg for the sol-gel in situ system when compared to pure PP. With the addition of TiO2 the nanocomposites for both systems had higher heat flux to UV radiation incidence being more significant for the nanocomposite of PP/TiO2b2,5 by TiO2 present at greater thermal diffusivity compared to PP.

Diploma thesis deals with the grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMOS) onto poly(3–hydroxybutyrate)PHB. Subsequent characterization of the amount of grafted VTMOS and changes in the thermal properties associated with the rate of crystallization. The theoretical part deals with mechanism and the influences of grafting. In the experimental part VTMOS was grafted onto PHB without subjecting VTMOS to hydrolysis and subsequent crosslinking. By differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Avrami equation, the effect of grafted silane group on pure was studied. The MVR was used to compare the rheological properties of initial PHB, grafted PHB and crosslinked PHB by siloxane linkages.

Part of the research described in this thesis is conducted in collaboration with Centre d' étude et de Recherche sur les Macromolécules (CERM), Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Belgium / Les copolymères séquencés amphiphiles sont très prometteurs pour des applications de technologie de pointe en raison de leur capacité à s'auto-assembler dans des structures bien organisées à l'échelle du micro– et du nanométre, et de leur sensibilité à des stimulations de différentes natures. La formation des nanomotifs bien ordonnés dans les films et/ou en masse fournit un substitut à la nanolithographie et est utile pour le design et l'ingénierie de nanomembranes et de matériaux nanoporeux. L'auto–assemblage dans des solvants sélectifs, en incluant la sensibilité au pH et à la température, peut être ajusté pour correspondre aux besoins de différentes applications biomédicales, telles que l’encapsulation et/ou relargage de médicaments, l'ingénierie de tissus, etc. Dans ce contexte, des copolymères séquencés de type L–lactide (LLA) et méthacrylate 2–diméthylaminoéthyl (DMAEMA) sont d’un grand intérêt. Comme le contrôle sur l'auto–assemblage des copolymères séquencés est permis au niveau moléculaire, il est très important de préparer des copolymères bien définis avec des longueurs de bloc prévisibles et de faible polydispersité. Ainsi, une partie de cette étude a été consacrée au développement de procédures synthétiques optimales et à la caractérisation détaillée de copolymères di– et triblocs de LLA et de PDMAEMA. Un outil simple pour déterminer la présence d'homo–PLLA résiduel a été développée; cela a permis de déterminer et d'expliquer plusieurs voies de synthèse indésirables. La dernière inclut la participation possible de l'amorceur bifonctionnel utilisé, et nous avons alors proposé un système alternatif d'amorceur bifonctionnel/catalyseur. La racémisation du LLA par les unités amine de (P)DMAEMA a été observée pendant la polymérisation, limitant ainsi l'utilisation première du bloc PDMAEMA pour la préparation des copolymères PLLA–b–PDMAEMA. Les études thermiques et de cristallisation, en incluant les copolymères séquencés partiellement quaternisés, ont révélé un retard significatif de la vitesse de cristallisation, en présence du bloc de PDMAEMA. Nous avons constaté que les blocs sont miscibles pour de faibles masses molaires et que la miscibilité partielle est maintenue après quaternisation. Selon la longueur et le taux de quaternisation du bloc PDMAEMA, la cristallisation du PLLA a été étudiée dans un environnement restreint et confiné, faiblement ou fortement. La torsion des lamelles cristallines observée pour certains copolymères biséquencés a été accentuée dans les copolymères triséquencés, où la formation de sphérolites annelés a été observée dans toutes les conditions thermiques utilisées. / Multi–functional amphiphilic block copolymers have much promise for various high technology applications thanks to the controlled stimuli–responsive self–assembly into well–organized structures on the micro– and nanometer scales. The formation of well–ordered nanopatterns in films and/or in bulk provides a competitive substitute to nanolithography and is useful in the design and engineering of nanomembranes and nanoporous materials. Solution self–assembly in selective solvents, including pH and temperature sensitivity, can be tuned to match the needs of different biomedical applications, such as drug encapsulation/delivery, tissue engineering, etc. In this context, block copolymers of L–lactide (LLA) and 2–dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) are of great interest. Since the control over self–assembly of block copolymer systems is enabled on a molecular level, it is of great importance to prepare well–defined block copolymers with predictable block lengths and low polydispersity. Thus, a major part of the research in this study was devoted to developing optimal synthetic procedures with detailed characterization of linear di– and triblock copolymers of LLA and PDMAEMA. A simple tool to determine homo–PLLA impurity was developed, which helped to determine and explain several undesired routes. The latter includes possible involvement of the bifunctional initiator used, and an alternative bifunctional initiator/catalyst system was proposed. Racemization of LLA by (P)DMAEMA moieties was observed during LLA polymerization thus limiting the utilization of PDMAEMA–first approach for the preparation of PLLA–b–PDMAEMA. Thermal and crystallization studies, including on quaternized block copolymers, revealed a significant retardation effect of the PDMAEMA block on the crystallization kinetics. The blocks were found to be miscible in the melt at low molecular weights, and maintained partial miscibility after quaternization. Depending on the length and the quaternization degree of PDMAEMA, PLLA crystallization was studied in a templated, soft or hard confinement environment. Crystalline lamellae twisting observed in certain diblock copolymers was facilitated in triblock copolymers, where the formation of banded spherulites was observed in all thermal conditions used.