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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Análise de modos normais dos movimentos conformacionais em proteínas / Normal mode analysis of the conformational motions in proteins

Mendonça, Matheus Rodrigues de 11 May 2015 (has links)
A caracterização das flutuações dos resíduos da proteína em torno do seu estado nativo é essencial para estudar mudanças conformacionais, interação proteína-proteína e interação proteína-ligante. Tal caracterização pode ser capturada pelo modelo de rede gaussiana (GNM). Este modelo tem sido modificado e novas propostas têm surgido nos últimos anos. Nesta Tese, apresentamos um estudo sobre como melhorar o GNM e exploramos o seu desempenho em predizer os fatores-B experimentais. Modelos de redes elásticas são construídos a partir das coordenadas experimentais dos levando em consideração pares de átomos de C? distantes entre si até um dado raio de corte Rc . Estes modelos descrevem as interações entre os atómos por molas com a mesma constante de força. Desenvolvemos um método baseado em simulações numéricas com um campo de forças simplificado para atribuir pesos a estas constantes de mola. Este método considera o tempo em que dois átomos de C? permanecem conectados na rede durante o desenovelamento parcial, estabelecendo assim uma forma de medir a intensidade de cada ligação. Examinamos dois diferentes campos de forças simplificados e exploramos o cálculo desses pesos a partir do desenovelamento das estruturas nativas. Nós comparamos o seu desempenho na predição dos fatores-B com outros modelos de rede elástica. Avaliamos tal desempenho utilizando o coeficiente de correlação entre os fatores-B preditos e experimentais. Mostramos como o nosso modelo pode descrever melhor os fatores-B / The characterization of the fluctuations in protein residues around its native state is essential to study conformational changes, protein binding interaction and protein-protein interaction. Such characterization can be captured by simple elastic network models as the Gaussian Network Model (GNM). This model has been modified and new proposals have emerged in recent years. In this Thesis we propose an extended version of GNM, namely wGNM. Elastic network models are built on the experimental C? coordinates,and they only take the pairs of C? atoms within a given cutoff distance Rc into account. These models describe the interactions by elastic springs with the same force constant to predicted the experimental B-factors, providing insights into the structure-function properties of proteins. We have developed a method based on numerical simulations with a simple coarse-grained force field, to attribute weights to these spring constants. This method considers the time that two C? atoms remain connected in the network during partial unfolding, establishing a means of measuring the strength of each link. We examined two different coarse-grained force fields and explored the computation of these weights by unfolding native structures. We compare the B-factors predicted by different elastic network models with the experimental ones employing the correlation coefficient between these two quantities. We show that wGNM performs better and consequently provides better evaluation of the B-factors
2

Análise de modos normais dos movimentos conformacionais em proteínas / Normal mode analysis of the conformational motions in proteins

Matheus Rodrigues de Mendonça 11 May 2015 (has links)
A caracterização das flutuações dos resíduos da proteína em torno do seu estado nativo é essencial para estudar mudanças conformacionais, interação proteína-proteína e interação proteína-ligante. Tal caracterização pode ser capturada pelo modelo de rede gaussiana (GNM). Este modelo tem sido modificado e novas propostas têm surgido nos últimos anos. Nesta Tese, apresentamos um estudo sobre como melhorar o GNM e exploramos o seu desempenho em predizer os fatores-B experimentais. Modelos de redes elásticas são construídos a partir das coordenadas experimentais dos levando em consideração pares de átomos de C? distantes entre si até um dado raio de corte Rc . Estes modelos descrevem as interações entre os atómos por molas com a mesma constante de força. Desenvolvemos um método baseado em simulações numéricas com um campo de forças simplificado para atribuir pesos a estas constantes de mola. Este método considera o tempo em que dois átomos de C? permanecem conectados na rede durante o desenovelamento parcial, estabelecendo assim uma forma de medir a intensidade de cada ligação. Examinamos dois diferentes campos de forças simplificados e exploramos o cálculo desses pesos a partir do desenovelamento das estruturas nativas. Nós comparamos o seu desempenho na predição dos fatores-B com outros modelos de rede elástica. Avaliamos tal desempenho utilizando o coeficiente de correlação entre os fatores-B preditos e experimentais. Mostramos como o nosso modelo pode descrever melhor os fatores-B / The characterization of the fluctuations in protein residues around its native state is essential to study conformational changes, protein binding interaction and protein-protein interaction. Such characterization can be captured by simple elastic network models as the Gaussian Network Model (GNM). This model has been modified and new proposals have emerged in recent years. In this Thesis we propose an extended version of GNM, namely wGNM. Elastic network models are built on the experimental C? coordinates,and they only take the pairs of C? atoms within a given cutoff distance Rc into account. These models describe the interactions by elastic springs with the same force constant to predicted the experimental B-factors, providing insights into the structure-function properties of proteins. We have developed a method based on numerical simulations with a simple coarse-grained force field, to attribute weights to these spring constants. This method considers the time that two C? atoms remain connected in the network during partial unfolding, establishing a means of measuring the strength of each link. We examined two different coarse-grained force fields and explored the computation of these weights by unfolding native structures. We compare the B-factors predicted by different elastic network models with the experimental ones employing the correlation coefficient between these two quantities. We show that wGNM performs better and consequently provides better evaluation of the B-factors
3

Zpracování difuzně vážených obrazů pořízených MR tomografem / Image Processing of MR diffusion weighted images

Candrák, Matúš January 2014 (has links)
The semester thesis describes the basic principles of MRI, methods for measuring diffusion coefficients and creating DWI and DTI images. As a result a practical implementation of program was implemented in Matlab, based on theoretical knowledge of the problem.
4

In Silico Prediction of Novel Residues Involved in Amyloid Primary Nucleation of Human I56T and D67H Lysozyme

Griffin, Jeddidiah W.D., Bradshaw, Patrick C. 20 July 2018 (has links)
Background: Amyloidogenic proteins are most often associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, but there are more than two dozen human proteins known to form amyloid fibrils associated with disease. Lysozyme is an antimicrobial protein that is used as a general model to study amyloid fibril formation. Studies aimed at elucidating the process of amyloid formation of lysozyme tend to focus on partial unfolding of the native state due to the relative instability of mutant amyloidogenic variants. While this is well supported, the data presented here suggest the native structure of the variants may also play a role in primary nucleation. Results: Three-dimensional structural analysis identified lysozyme residues 21, 62, 104, and 122 as displaced in both amyloidogenic variants compared to wild type lysozyme. Residue interaction network (RIN) analysis found greater clustering of residues 112-117 in amyloidogenic variants of lysozyme compared to wild type. An analysis of the most energetically favored predicted dimers and trimers provided further evidence for a role for residues 21, 62, 104, 122, and 112-117 in amyloid formation. Conclusions: This study used lysozyme as a model to demonstrate the utility of combining 3D structural analysis with RIN analysis for studying the general process of amyloidogenesis. Results indicated that binding of two or more amyloidogenic lysozyme mutants may be involved in amyloid nucleation by placing key residues (21, 62, 104, 122, and 112-117) in proximity before partial unfolding occurs. Identifying residues in the native state that may be involved in amyloid formation could provide novel drug targets to prevent a range of amyloidoses.
5

Analysis of Pseudo-Symmetry in Protein Homo-Oligomers

Rajendran, Catherine Jenifer Rajam 12 1900 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Symmetry plays a significant role in protein structural assembly and function. This is especially true for large homo-oligomeric protein complexes due to stability and finite control of function. But, symmetry in proteins are not perfect due to unknown reasons and leads to pseudosymmetry. This study focuses on symmetry analysis of homo-oligomers, specifically homo-dimers, homo-trimers and homo-tetramers. We defined Off Symmetry (OS) to measure the overall symmetry of the protein and Structural Index (SI) to quantify the structural difference and Assembly Index (AI) to quantify the assembly difference between the subunits. In most of the symmetrical homo-trimer and homo-tetramer proteins, Assembly Index contributes more to Off Symmetry and in the case of homo-dimer, Structural index contributes more than the Assembly Index. The main chain atom Carbon-Alpha (CA) is more symmetrical than the first side chain atom Carbon-Beta (CB), suggesting protein mobility may contribute to the pseudosymmetry. In addition, Pearson coefficient correlation between their Off-Symmetry and their respective atoms B-Factor (temperature factor) are calculated. We found that the individual residues of a protein in all the subunits are correlated to their average B-Factor of these residues. The correlation with BFactor is stronger in Structure Index than Assembly Index. All these results suggest that protein dynamics play an important role and therefore a larger off-symmetry may indicate a more mobile and flexible protein complex.
6

Análise de modos normais em proteínas / Normal mode analysis in proteins

Mendonça, Matheus Rodrigues de 26 April 2010 (has links)
A abordagem de modos normais de baixa frequência na descrição das flutuações conformacionais dos estados nativos das proteínas globulares tem ajudado na caracterização das suas funções biológicas. Vários métodos teóricos e experimentais têm sido empregados para a determinação destas flutuações internas. Estes movimentos podem ser caracterizados pelo fator Debye-Waller (fator-B), correspondente à mobilidade local do resíduo em nível atômico. A análise de modos normais utilizando os modelos de rede elástica (ENM) demonstra ser uma técnica robusta. Fatores-B experimentais são reproduzidos teoricamente por meio desta técnica em tempos computacionais relativamente curtos, mostrando-se competitiva com as técnicas mais sofisticadas. O modelo de rede elástica é uma abordagem t ipo coarse-grain na qual a proteína no seu estado enovelado é representada por uma rede elástica tridimensional de carbonos conectados por molas. As molas representam as interações ligantes e não ligantes entre os carbonos . Neste trabalho, inicialmente, estudamos os modelos de rede elástica já conhecidos na literatura. Em seguida, realizamos um estudo comparativo entre eles. Neste estudo, comprovamos que os modelos pfGNM e pfANM apresentam melhor correlação com os fatores-B experimentais que os os modelos GNM e ANM tradicionais. Desenvolvemos também uma nova abordagem, a qual intitulamos número de contatos ponderados anisotrópica (AWCN). Mostramos que a abordagem AWCN apresenta um desempenho significativamente melhor que o modelo de rede elástica anisotrópica tradicional. Por fim, realizamos um estudo de caráter investigativo do comportamento do peso das interações entre resíduos. Este estudo re velou que, para os modelos WCN e AWCN, a correlação exibe o seu valor máximo para interações ponderadas $1/R^p$, entre resíduos $i$ e $j$j, para valores de $p$ em torno de 2. Nos modelos pfGNM e pfANM a correlação é maximizada para dois valores de $p$, o primeiro em torno de 2 e o segundo em torno de 4,75, indicando que a ponderação pelo recíproco do quadrado da distância, usualmente empregada na literatura, pode não ser adequada para obter a melhor correlação. / Low frequency normal mode approach to describe conformational fluctuations of globular proteins has helped to characterize their biological functions. Various theoretical and experimental methods have been employed to det ermine the magnitudes of those internal motions. Those motions can be characterized by the Debye-Waller factor (B-factor), co rresponding to the local mobility of the residue at the atomic level. Normal mode analysis using elastic network models (ENM) has demonstrated to be a robust technique. Experimental B-factors has been reproduced theoretically by means of this techniq ue in a short computational time and it has been shown to be competitive with more sophisticated techniques. The ENM is a coarse-grained approach in which the protein is represented by a three-dimensional elastic network of alpha-carbon atoms connect ed by springs. Springs represent bonded and non-bonded interactions between the alpha-carbon atoms. In this work, we study th e elastic network models known in the literature. Next, we perform a comparative study between them. We show that the pfGNM a nd pfANM models present better correlation with experimental B-factors than the traditional GNM and ANM models. We also devel op a new approach, which we entitled anisotropic weighted contact number (AWCN). We show that it presents results significantly better than the traditional anisotropic elastic network model. Finally, we perform a study of investigative character of the behavior for the weight of the interactions between residues. This study revealed that, for the WCN and AWCN models, the correlation exhibits its maximum value for weighted interactions $1/R^p$, between residues $i$ and $j$, for values of $p$ around 2. In the pfGNM and pfANM models the correlation is max imized for two values of $p$, the first one around 2 and the second one around 4.75. This indicates that the weighting by the reciprocal of the square of the distance, usually employed in the literature, may not be appropriate to obtain the best correlation.
7

Análise de modos normais em proteínas / Normal mode analysis in proteins

Matheus Rodrigues de Mendonça 26 April 2010 (has links)
A abordagem de modos normais de baixa frequência na descrição das flutuações conformacionais dos estados nativos das proteínas globulares tem ajudado na caracterização das suas funções biológicas. Vários métodos teóricos e experimentais têm sido empregados para a determinação destas flutuações internas. Estes movimentos podem ser caracterizados pelo fator Debye-Waller (fator-B), correspondente à mobilidade local do resíduo em nível atômico. A análise de modos normais utilizando os modelos de rede elástica (ENM) demonstra ser uma técnica robusta. Fatores-B experimentais são reproduzidos teoricamente por meio desta técnica em tempos computacionais relativamente curtos, mostrando-se competitiva com as técnicas mais sofisticadas. O modelo de rede elástica é uma abordagem t ipo coarse-grain na qual a proteína no seu estado enovelado é representada por uma rede elástica tridimensional de carbonos conectados por molas. As molas representam as interações ligantes e não ligantes entre os carbonos . Neste trabalho, inicialmente, estudamos os modelos de rede elástica já conhecidos na literatura. Em seguida, realizamos um estudo comparativo entre eles. Neste estudo, comprovamos que os modelos pfGNM e pfANM apresentam melhor correlação com os fatores-B experimentais que os os modelos GNM e ANM tradicionais. Desenvolvemos também uma nova abordagem, a qual intitulamos número de contatos ponderados anisotrópica (AWCN). Mostramos que a abordagem AWCN apresenta um desempenho significativamente melhor que o modelo de rede elástica anisotrópica tradicional. Por fim, realizamos um estudo de caráter investigativo do comportamento do peso das interações entre resíduos. Este estudo re velou que, para os modelos WCN e AWCN, a correlação exibe o seu valor máximo para interações ponderadas $1/R^p$, entre resíduos $i$ e $j$j, para valores de $p$ em torno de 2. Nos modelos pfGNM e pfANM a correlação é maximizada para dois valores de $p$, o primeiro em torno de 2 e o segundo em torno de 4,75, indicando que a ponderação pelo recíproco do quadrado da distância, usualmente empregada na literatura, pode não ser adequada para obter a melhor correlação. / Low frequency normal mode approach to describe conformational fluctuations of globular proteins has helped to characterize their biological functions. Various theoretical and experimental methods have been employed to det ermine the magnitudes of those internal motions. Those motions can be characterized by the Debye-Waller factor (B-factor), co rresponding to the local mobility of the residue at the atomic level. Normal mode analysis using elastic network models (ENM) has demonstrated to be a robust technique. Experimental B-factors has been reproduced theoretically by means of this techniq ue in a short computational time and it has been shown to be competitive with more sophisticated techniques. The ENM is a coarse-grained approach in which the protein is represented by a three-dimensional elastic network of alpha-carbon atoms connect ed by springs. Springs represent bonded and non-bonded interactions between the alpha-carbon atoms. In this work, we study th e elastic network models known in the literature. Next, we perform a comparative study between them. We show that the pfGNM a nd pfANM models present better correlation with experimental B-factors than the traditional GNM and ANM models. We also devel op a new approach, which we entitled anisotropic weighted contact number (AWCN). We show that it presents results significantly better than the traditional anisotropic elastic network model. Finally, we perform a study of investigative character of the behavior for the weight of the interactions between residues. This study revealed that, for the WCN and AWCN models, the correlation exhibits its maximum value for weighted interactions $1/R^p$, between residues $i$ and $j$, for values of $p$ around 2. In the pfGNM and pfANM models the correlation is max imized for two values of $p$, the first one around 2 and the second one around 4.75. This indicates that the weighting by the reciprocal of the square of the distance, usually employed in the literature, may not be appropriate to obtain the best correlation.
8

Analysis of Pseudo-Symmetry in Protein Homo-Oligomers

Catherine Jenifer Rajam Rajendran (5931113) 16 January 2020 (has links)
<p>Symmetry plays a significant role in protein structural assembly and function. This is especially true for large homo-oligomeric protein complexes due to stability and finite control of function. But, symmetry in proteins are not perfect due to unknown reasons and leads to pseudosymmetry. This study focuses on symmetry analysis of homo-oligomers, specifically homo-dimers, homo-trimers and homo-tetramers.</p> <p>We defined Off Symmetry (OS) to measure the overall symmetry of the protein and Structural Index (SI) to quantify the structural difference and Assembly Index (AI) to quantify the assembly difference between the subunits. In most of the symmetrical homo-trimer and homo-tetramer proteins, Assembly Index contributes more to Off Symmetry and in the case of homo-dimer, Structural index contributes more than the Assembly Index. The main chain atom Carbon-Alpha (CA) is more symmetrical than the first side chain atom Carbon-Beta (CB), suggesting protein mobility may contribute to the pseudosymmetry. In addition, Pearson coefficient correlation between their Off-Symmetry and their respective atoms B-Factor (temperature factor) are calculated. We found that the individual residues of a protein in all the subunits are correlated to their average B-Factor of these residues. The correlation with BFactor is stronger in Structure Index than Assembly Index. All these results suggest that protein dynamics play an important role and therefore a larger off-symmetry may indicate a more mobile and flexible protein complex.</p>

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