Four studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of varying levels of vitamin B-6 (B6), protein and pyridoxine glucoside (PNG) on B6 status and requirements of women. In the first two studies, women were fed a constant protein diet and vitamin B-6 intakes of 0.84 to 2.39 mg/d during 10- to 15-day experimental periods. Significant differences among intake levels were found in urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) and total vitamin B-6 (UB6), plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and total vitamin B-6 (TB6), and urinary xanthurenic acid (XA) following a tryptophan load. Significant correlations were found between B6 intake and 4PA, UB6, plasma PLP, TB6, erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase (EALT) percent stimulation, and postload urinary XA and volatile amines (VA, kynurenine plus acetylkynurenine). More than 1.33 mg B6/d (> 0.016 mg B6/g dietary protein) was required for adequate B6 status. In a third study, nine women were fed diets providing 1.25 mg B6/d and three levels of protein (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg body weight), for 14 days each. Significant differences in urinary 4PA, plasma PLP, and postload urinary VA were found among protein levels. Nitrogen intake was significantly negatively correlated with urinary 4PA and plasma PLP, and positively correlated with EALT percent stimulation and postload urinary kynuremc acid (KA), XA and VA. Compared to men in a previous study, women excreted a greater percentage of B6 intake as 4PA, had lower plasma PLP and greater amounts of postload urinary tryptophan metabolites. At least 0.020 mg B6/g protein was required for adequate status. In a fourth study, nine women were fed diets with a high (27%) or low (9%) percentage of the B6 intake as pyridoxine glucoside, a form known to have reduced bioavailability, for 18 days each. Urinary 4PA and UB6, plasma TB6 and red blood cell PLP were significantly lower, and fecal B6 was significantly higher during the high PNG diet. The decrease in B6 status indicators on the high PNG diet suggested a loss of 15 to 18% of the total B6 intake. Taking into account bioavailability and gender differences in the effect of dietary protein, and including a safety margin, the RDA for B6 for women should be at least 0.020 mg/g dietary protein. / Graduation date: 1996

This thesis uses images of books in Italian art of the duecento and trecento as pictorial evidence for the appearance of books and to establish a chronology for changes in the detail and style of book-bindings during those two centuries. The conclusions from the pictorial evidence is that there were material differences in the appearance of books in the duecento and trecento and that gold tooling was used to decorate books from about 1320, a hundred years earlier than previously thought. The thesis also considers how, and to what extent, medieval viewers related to images of books and whether it is possible to identify individual styles in the way artists represented books. There are four case-studies that are used to investigate how images of books were used, and what religious, social, political and psychological purposes were served. Part of the methodology is to identify and study those points of change when books appear or when the way they are shown changes. This is in the belief that when circumstances alter, the artist responds consciously and creatively rather than by imitation. A number of works of art are studied in detail and the thesis proposes new interpretations for, inter alia, the Stefaneschi Altarpiece, Guido de Graziano'sDossal of St Francis, theAnnunciation scene in the Arena Chapel, the RucellaiMadonna, and the S Caterina Polyptych. The case-studies have demonstrated that the image of a book was one of the most powerful visual signs, certainly for the period and region to which this study has been devoted. It shows that in the decades around 1300 the book became an established attribute in altarpieces, the book displaced the rotullus as the symbol of authority, and the book became the dominant attribute of the VirginMary in scenes of the Annunciation, displacing earlier formats. The book was the symbol of learning and therefore a key attribute for the mendicant orders and especially the Dominican Order.

We compared a kinetic method (KM) and a colorimetric method (CM) for measuring erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (EAST) activity. Twenty-three healthy college students including 7 men and 16 women, aged from 22 to 40 years, participated in this study. Vitamin B-6 status was assessed by EAST activity coefficient (EAST-AC), the ratio of EAST stimulated activity by adding PLP in vitro (EAST-SA) to basal activity (EAST-BA). These subjects' EAST indices (EAST-BA, EAST-SA and EAST-AC) were compared to their plasma PLP concentration and their dietary intake of vitamin B-6 as determined by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-day dietary record. There was a significant correlation (r=0.59, p<0.01) in EAST-BA obtained by the two methods, while the correlation of EAST-SA values between the two methods was not significant (r=0.40, p=0.06). EAST-AC obtained with KM was linearly associated (r=0.57, p<0.01) to EAST-AC obtained with CM, but was 1.26 times higher (p<0.01) than that with CM. Thus, the method used for the determination of the normal EAST-AC value needs to be noted. None of EAST indices measured were significantly correlated with plasma PLP concentration. There was a high correlation for vitamin B-6 intake (r=0.65, p<0.01) and the ratio of vitamin B-6 to dietary protein (r=0.58, p<0.01) estimated between the FFQ and the 3-day dietary record. The results suggested the high validity of the FFQ for determining vitamin B-6 intake. Neither of these dietary methods was, however, correlated with any EAST activity indices or the plasma PLP concentration. / Graduation date: 1995

Graduation date: 1991

Graduation date: 1991

Graduation date: 1980

Proefschrift Universiteit van Amsterdam. / Met lit.opg. en samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 19. / Typescript. Vita. Includes (as Section I): Preparation of samples for microbiological determination of riboflavin / F.M. Strong and L.E. Carpenter. Reprinted from Industrial and engineering chemistry, vol. 14 (15 Nov. 1942), p. 909-913. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Bonn.

The aim of this project has been to study the detailed mass and luminosity distributions within spiral galaxies, with particular emphasis on the comparison of isolated and binary systems. A large programme of photographic U, B, Y and E surface photometry has been completed using the St. Andrews 1m Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope, and a series of computer programmes have been written to evaluate the detailed luminosity distribution of galaxies, using data from a computer -controlled, plate-scanning. Spectroscopic observations of a number of binary galaxy systems have also been made, using the Isaac Newton Telescope and the 195cm telescope at mute Provence, and well-defined rotation curves have been obtained for the galaxies in three systems. The photometry of these galaxies and of ten isolated galaxies with known rotation curves has revealed an extra outer component in the integrated luminosity distributions which has not been widely noted before. For these galaxies, the variation in mass to luminosity ratio (M/L) has been studied at large radii by extrapolating the observed rotation curves, using an empirical formula. This has revealed a general tendency for M/L to decrease with increasing radius. For most galaxies, a small, but well-defined outer peak is also seen, coinciding with the boundary of the outer component in the luminosity distribution. It is postulated that the outer component corresponds to those parts of the galaxies lying outside the outer Lindblad resonance, and this has been confirmed comparing the spiral pattern obtained from density wave theory with the 034ervod structure of the galaxies. This implies that the rotation curves are not at large radii, as they would be if a massive halo were present. This is by the fact that the luminosities of the outer components are too large for much a nalo, according to recent estimates of halo properties. In their gross properties, the binary galaxies do not differ from the isolated Two of the galaxies are, however, very luminous for their mass, and this is explained qualitatively by the tidal forces due to the neighbouring galaxy, with increase the strength of the shocks associated with the spiral arms, extrapolating to the density wave model, in turn giving rise to enhanced star formation.