Attaching soft long side chain on conjugated polymers will form liguid cystal structure. Our research is to synthesis the polypyrrole with alkyl chains on nitrogen site and carbon site and observe the effects. We observe the phase transition by X-ray and DSC. But it is hrad to observe because of its absorbing light. Between observing, we just can find the liguid crystal transition on the polypyrrole with octadecane alkyl side chain on nitrogen site. Besides, we can find the 2.8Å and 3.2Å peaks By shearing and solvent casting. Such a phenomenon is common in conjugated polymers. But it is hard to explain. Besides, substituted on different sites will bring different results. Substituted on nitrogen site will lead to bigger d-sapcing than substituted on carbon site. This is because of the difference on co-planity. By the correlation function, we can realize that longer side chain, bigger fluctuation, but better layer structures.

The purpose of this thesis is which use the Consumer Strategic Procedure of EKB model to study the behavior of using e-coupon and the factor that influence it, to enable the firm to be aware of the need form consumer, and improve the application of e-coupon. Thus the main purpose of this study is to discuss and analyze the effect of ¡§demographic variables¡¨ and ¡§lifestyle¡¨ on ¡¨motivation¡¨, ¡§information search behavior¡¨, ¡§choice evaluation criteria¡¨, and ¡§usage and result¡¨ respectively ¡V the characters and differences. Cooperating with the professional web which gathers e-coupon, this research targeted toward people who have used e-coupons by the internet questionnaire. A total of 507 valid questionnaires have been collected. It used statistical analysis methods such as Factor analysis, Cluster analysis, ANOVA and Chi-square method, to analyze the original data. The finding of this research is following:

The role of land-use and related policies in reducing automobile dependence has been the subject of heated policy debate for over two decades. Previous research has shed light on the correlations between land-use and travel. Yet a crucial knowledge gap still exists in establishing causality between the two. Do changes in land-use characteristics cause behavioral changes in individuals’ decisions on what transportation means to use for travel? How does land-use as a contextual factor shape the decision process and outcome of trip frequency and travel mode choice? These questions remain largely unanswered. Attempting to fill the gap, this study applied the directed acyclic graphs method to identify the causal relationship between land-use and travel in the 9-county Dallas- Fort Worth (D-FW) metropolitan area. The logit captivity (LC) model, an extension to the conventional multinomial logit, was utilized to capture the contribution of land-use in affecting individuals’ decisions on travel mode choice. All the data for this study were obtained from the North Central Texas Council of Governments (NCTCOG). Evidence from the D-FW region confirms to a certain extent the causal effects of land-use on travel. For work trips, increases in regional accessibility, job density and share of commercial land-use reduce the use of automobiles. Higher regional accessibility, however, causes households to generate automobile trips and thus leads to the increase in vehicle miles of travel (VMT). For non-work trips, population density, job density and regional accessibility are direct causes of the choice of automobile, while only regional accessibility is causally connected to reducing automobile trips and VMT. The logit captivity model results indicate that land-use contributes to captive-driving choices for home-based work trips. Lack of land-use mix at trip origins increases the probabilities of trip-makers being captive to the automobile from 0.06% to 5.62% for driving-alone and from 0.38% to 3.55% for shared-ride.

Recommendations for the transportation of lambs from a European Commission, which required rest stops of 6 or 24 h, every 8 h, were evaluated for efficacy of reducing stress indicators using Rambouillet x Suffolk lambs (17.6 ± 0.5 kg). The lambs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) transported for 22 h (Continuous; n = 15); 2) transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 6 h, transported for 8 h, unloaded and rested for 24 h, transported for 6 h (Rested, n = 15); and 3) Control, which remained in home pasture throughout the study (n = 16). The rest stops were off-trailer; a different pen was used for each; and, a limited amount of grain and ad lib hay and water were provided. Mean temperature in the trailer during the study was 28.4° C with a range of 18.2° C to 39.6° C. Food deprivation in the Continuous lambs was reflected by a decrease in plasma glucose (P < 0.001) and an increase in blood urea nitrogen (P < 0.001), creatinine (P < 0.02) and total bilirubin (P < 0.001) relative to the Rested or the Control lambs. Electrolytes varied within and between all three treatments (P < 0.05), but no distinct pattern indicating dehydration was evident. Serum concentrations of cortisol were greater (P < 0.05) in Continuous lambs than in the Control lambs at 14 h and both the Continuous and Rested lambs had higher concentrations of cortisol (P < 0.05) compared to the Control lambs at 22 h. Plasma IgG antibody response to ovalbumin was suppressed (P < 0.05) in the Continuous and Rested lambs compared to the Control lambs. Lambs in both transported treatments ate grain immediately upon release into the rest pens and drinking occurred following the food consumption. The Continuous lambs lost a greater (P < 0.05) amount of initial BW at the conclusion of transport compared to the Rested lambs and had a lower BW (P < 0.05) than the Rested and Control lambs 8 d after the start of transport. Rest stops improved welfare by reducing physical stress of food deprivation and eliminating BW loss during transport. However, rest stops failed to completely alleviate immunosuppression and 52 h were required to complete the otherwise 22 h long trip. The additional costs of providing the benefits of the rest stops should be examined before these regulations are widely implemented.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1991. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (v. 2, leaves 348-377). Also available via the Internet.

Title from title page of source document. Dissertation no. 3431. Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-161).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-210). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-168). Also available on the Internet.