京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19237号 / 工博第4072号 / 新制||工||1628(附属図書館) / 32236 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科航空宇宙工学専攻 / (主査)教授 泉田 啓, 教授 藤本 健治, 教授 松野 文俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Hydraulic manipulators commonly interact with environments that are highly unstructured, and thus rely on the intelligence of human operators to provide proper commands. Typically, operators use visual information, directly or through cameras, to perform a task. Providing haptic or touch sensation about the task environment to the operator, enhances her/his ability to perform telemanipulation. The focus of this thesis is on haptic teleoperation of hydraulic manipulators. The application is directed at live transmission line maintenance tasks. In this thesis, both unilateral and bilateral haptic teleoperation of hydraulic manipulators are investigated. On the unilateral telemanipulation front, position error is shown to be an important issue in performing repetitive tasks. The most important sources of inaccuracy in position are sensors, robot controller performance, and the operator. To reduce the human operator’s errors, the concept of virtual fixtures is adopted in this research. It is shown that virtual fixtures can help operators perform routine tasks related to live line maintenance. Stability and telepresence are the main issues in reference to bilateral control. Three stable bilateral control schemes are designed for haptic teleoperation of hydraulic actuators considering nonlinear dynamics of hydraulic actuation, haptic device, and the operator. For each control scheme, stability of the entire control system is proven theoretically by constructing a proper Lyapunov function. Due to the discontinuity originating from a sign function in the control laws, the proposed control systems are non-smooth. Thus, the existence, continuation, and uniqueness of Filippov’s solution to the system are first proven for each control system. Next, the extensions of Lyapunov’s stability theory to non-smooth systems and LaSalle’s invariant set theorems are employed to prove the asymptotic stability of the control systems. In terms of telepresence, two types of haptic sensation are provided to the operator: (i) haptic based on the reflected interaction force, and (ii) haptic based on the position error. Performances of all proposed controllers are validated by experimental results on a hydraulic actuator controlled by a haptic device. It is shown that besides stability, the hydraulic actuator performs well in terms of position tracking while the haptic device provides telepresence for the operator.

Hydraulic manipulators commonly interact with environments that are highly unstructured, and thus rely on the intelligence of human operators to provide proper commands. Typically, operators use visual information, directly or through cameras, to perform a task. Providing haptic or touch sensation about the task environment to the operator, enhances her/his ability to perform telemanipulation. The focus of this thesis is on haptic teleoperation of hydraulic manipulators. The application is directed at live transmission line maintenance tasks. In this thesis, both unilateral and bilateral haptic teleoperation of hydraulic manipulators are investigated. On the unilateral telemanipulation front, position error is shown to be an important issue in performing repetitive tasks. The most important sources of inaccuracy in position are sensors, robot controller performance, and the operator. To reduce the human operator’s errors, the concept of virtual fixtures is adopted in this research. It is shown that virtual fixtures can help operators perform routine tasks related to live line maintenance. Stability and telepresence are the main issues in reference to bilateral control. Three stable bilateral control schemes are designed for haptic teleoperation of hydraulic actuators considering nonlinear dynamics of hydraulic actuation, haptic device, and the operator. For each control scheme, stability of the entire control system is proven theoretically by constructing a proper Lyapunov function. Due to the discontinuity originating from a sign function in the control laws, the proposed control systems are non-smooth. Thus, the existence, continuation, and uniqueness of Filippov’s solution to the system are first proven for each control system. Next, the extensions of Lyapunov’s stability theory to non-smooth systems and LaSalle’s invariant set theorems are employed to prove the asymptotic stability of the control systems. In terms of telepresence, two types of haptic sensation are provided to the operator: (i) haptic based on the reflected interaction force, and (ii) haptic based on the position error. Performances of all proposed controllers are validated by experimental results on a hydraulic actuator controlled by a haptic device. It is shown that besides stability, the hydraulic actuator performs well in terms of position tracking while the haptic device provides telepresence for the operator.

Les objectifs scientifiques de ces travaux de thèse reposent sur le développement d’une plateforme robotisée pour la réalisation d’un acte d’échographie à distance. Les contraintes de cet acte médical à distance ont conduit à la réalisation d’un robot sériel à cinq degrés de liberté. La présence d’une singularité centrale a conditionné la proposition d’une loi de commande cinématique pondérée dont l’objectif est d’assurer le meilleur suivi du geste médical et le maintien du plan ultrasonore à l’approche de la singularité. Cette loi de commande est basée sur une combinaison linéaire de l’inverse et de la pseudo-inverse de la matrice jacobienne de base du robot. Les réseaux haut débit sont nécessaires pour l’utilisation de la plateforme télé-opérée afin d’assurer une très bonne qualité des images échographiques reçues par l’expert. Cependant, ils sont soumis à de forts délais de transmission perturbant la stabilité du système robotique et le ressenti des interactions robot/patient. L’architecture de commande bilatérale passive proposée est basée sur le formalisme des variables d’ondes, et inclut les structures mécatroniques des postes maître et esclave, et les caractéristiques des liens de communication. Cette approche garantit, quels que soient les délais de transmission, la stabilité et la transparence de la plateforme télé-opérée. La prise en compte de l’ensemble des caractéristiques mécatroniques de la chaîne télé-opérée a permis de proposer une méthodologie pour l’adaptation d’impédance afin d’améliorer le rendu haptique au niveau du poste maître. Des expérimentations par satellite ont validé l’approche de la structure bilatérale et confirmé la stabilité et la transparence de la chaîne télé-opérée quels que soient les délais de communication. / The scientific objectives of this PhD thesis work are based on the development of a robotic platform used to perform tele-echography act via satellite link. The constraints of the remote tele-echography procedure led to the development of a 5-DOF serial robot. The presence of a central singularity has conditioned the proposal of a weighted kinematic control law to ensure a better monitoring of medical procedure and ultrasonic plan when approaching the singularity. This control law is based on a linear combination of the inverse and pseudo-inverse of the Jacobian matrix. Broadband networks are required to provide high quality ultrasound images to the medical expert. However, they are subject to high transmission delays disrupting the stability of the robotic system and rendering of robot/patient interactions. The passive bilateral control architecture proposed is based on the wave variables approach ; it includes the mechatronic master and slave characteristics, and the communication links characteristics. This approach ensures stability and transparency of the tele-operated platform whatever the transmission time delay. A methodology for impedance matching taking into account the characteristics of mechatronic tele-operated chain has improved haptic rendering at the station master. Satellite experiments have validated the proposed wave variables bilateral structure and confirmed the stability and transparency of the tele-operated chain for any communication delays.