ºK ­n This study is to discuss the core competence of IC seal industry, and to construct the model. The purpose of this study are presented as follows: 1. To define which competence is core competence of IC seal industry. 2. To structure the core competence build-up model. 3. To confirm the model is workable. 4. To develop and to manage the core competence. This conclusions of this study are presented as follows: 1. Core competence of IC seal industry includes research and design ability, product engineering technology development ability, cost control and strategy management ability, manpower development ability. 2. Core competence will build up from the process of executing the total quality management.

In recent years, the business environment is rapidly changed, the ever-changing of technology, so continue to create competitive advantage and profitability of the resources is the unique Knowledge Management (KM) of the enterprise. In particular, the characteristics of the semiconductor packaging and testing industry is depreciation fast, technical and professional talent-intensive, capacity and yield must to be able to meet as soon as possible in order to catch up with the rate of depreciation of production machinery, in order to keep profitability and competitiveness, so the R & D, KM of production technology and skills experience heritage become very important. Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc. (ASE Inc.), the world's leading providers of semiconductor manufacturing services company, founded in 1984, focused on semiconductor customers, offering a comprehensive range of IC packaging and testing services. ASE started the KM at 2001, divided four phase, and though experienced the industrial boom and the financial tsunami, still successfully developed copper process with leading technology. The gold ten-year plan which was launched in 2010 continuously expands capacity and R & D innovation, and expects 2018-2020 to challenge the annual revenue goal of $ 8.4 billion. This research is to analyze the evolution of KM on ASE, and try to identify the characteristics of the semiconductor manufacturing industry about the development of KM, through the results of this research enable to understand the evolutionary process of KM development and change in order to proceed the comprehensive and cross-industry KM for the evolution of research in the future.

Snakes (Serpentes) are a group of squamate reptiles (Squamata) including more than 3600 species. The vast majority of snakes are from the group Caenophidia, which includes approximately 90% of all extant snake species and represents the most studied lineage. Squamate reptiles are variable in sex determination and genome organisation, however, caenophidian snakes are quite stable in these respects. The typical - and probably ancestral - snake karyotype is composed of 36 chromosomes with 16 macro- and 20 microchromosomes. In all snake species, genotypic sex determination (GSD) is expected and it was assumed until recently that all snakes possessed ZZ/ZW sex chromosomes. The main reason for this is that most of the studied snakes were from the group Caenophidia and in the rest of the snake lineages it was believed that their sex chromosomes were homologous. In fact, the sex chromosomes of non-caenophidian snakes have not yet been identified - with the single exception of Acrantophis dumerili. Nevertheless, a recent study showed that there was an independent evolution of XX/XY sex chromosomes in pythons and boas. Sex chromosomes of these snakes are homomorphic and so far they have not been detected by classical cytogenetic methods. In this context, the aim of this study is to explore whether it is...