The purpose of this research is to investigate the changes in countries of origin and occupational groups of immigrants to the United States after the implementation of the 1965 Immigration Act. The basic policy change in the 1965 Immigration Act was essentially the abolition of the National Origins Quota System. The new law led to obvious changes in the origins of immigrants. The number of Southern European, Asian and Caribbean immigrants significantly increased since the implementation of the Act. The sources of the various occupational groups shifted to some extent. The number of immigrants in the professional and highly skilled categories increased significantly. The impact of the changes aggravated the "brain drain" problem.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Limpopo,2009. / The term “brain drain” became a reality in South Africa after doors opened for South Africans in overseas markets and the emphasis moved from hospital bed based care to total health for all South Africans. The lack of services in rural areas seems a problem with focus on migration of health professionals between rural and urban areas, and even overseas markets, leaving a possible imbalance. More allied health professionals from previously disadvantaged groups are trained but the need in specifically the rural areas continues to rise. Recruitment and retention strategies were implemented for scarce skilled health professionals in the Public Service but no proof is available whether it is successful or not for the allied health professional group. The vacancy rates for allied health professional posts are reportedly too high despite the fact that more candidates are recruited from rural areas to be trained as professionals, hoping they will return to work in rural areas. Allied health professionals seem to be constantly on the move despite the strategies already implemented, reasons for this are unknown. The purpose of this study is to explore and determine if there is an imbalance of allied health workers in rural and urban areas within Limpopo Province. Secondly, it was to determine what factors may influence and contribute to allied health professional‟s decision to consider migration and thirdly to establish if the current recruitment and retention strategies are having the desired outcome. A survey was conducted over a period of three months with respondents representing the dietetic, physiotherapy, radiography, occupational therapy and speech and language therapy professions. The sample population was randomly selected as well as cluster sampling from the different districts within the Limpopo Province. Data was collected from a total of 122 respondents. xv Because the type of data collected was mainly nominal data, graphical and tabular descriptive techniques like frequencies, relative frequencies, tables and graphs were used to provide information. Numerical descriptive techniques were also used to calculate sample statistics and the only statistical technique that involves nominal data, the Chi-Squared Test was also applied. The findings of the research survey enabled the researcher to make final conclusions as well as specific recommendations to the target groups that may benefit from this study in order to change the “brain drain” to a “brain gain” situation for allied health professionals within the Limpopo Province. / N/A

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-124).

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

Cette thèse travail s'articule autour des deux phénomènes : le capital humain et la migrationdes qualifiés. Les arguments consolidant le choix de cette interaction tiennent d'une part au constat selonlequel le capital humain constitue pour le Liban la seule matière première parce qu'il nedispose pas de ressources naturelles ni d'autres matières premières pouvant favoriser sondéveloppement; et d'autre part à la fatalité d'émigrer en l'absence de débouchés.La thèse est composée de trois parties. Dans la première partie, sont extraits de l'abondantelittérature les principaux traits liés au capital humain tels que son apport à l'accroissement ducapital et de la production de long terme et donc à la croissance du pays considéré; sont étayéspar la suite les motivations de la fuite des cerveaux et leurs effets sur les pays de départ(développé) et d'accueil (sous développé).La deuxième partie est destinée à décrire dans l'économie libanaise, les facteurs de générationdu capital, les niveaux d'emploi des qualifiés et l'émigration des qualifiés.La troisième partie est consacrée au modèle qui combine ces deux phénomènes en vue demettre en relief leur interaction. Ce modèle s'inscrit dans le cadre des travaux traitant dudrainage des cerveaux à l'aide d'une économie à générations imbriquées où sont représentésles choix des consommateurs et ceux du producteur, il met l'accent sur la divergence d'intérêt,vis à vis des migrants qualifiés, entre les pays source d'émigration et les pays d'accueil.Ce modèle a le mérite de relier les effets micro-économiques caractérisés par un choixindividuel de se former et/ou de migrer aux conséquences macro-économiques du mouvementmigratoire qui en résultent en analysant les revenus des agents, leur niveau d'emploi, le stockde capital et la production de long terme, et le bien être collectif.La résolution du modèle donne la quantité optimale de cette migration sélective. Cettequantité est explicitée pour les pays de départ et d'accueil dans une optique de long termeselon des situations de concurrence pure et parfaite et de syndicalisation des qualifiés. Les résultats numériques obtenus confirment clairement le constat suivant : les pays d'accueilreceveur d'immigrants qualifiés en bénéficie nettement, tandis que le pays source convoyeurd'émigrants se soumet à une ponction de l'un de ses facteurs les plus productifs. Ces résultatspermettent en outre de dresser pour les deux pays un tableau comparatif des salaires, desniveaux d'emploi, des biens être individuels et collectifs, du capital et du produit.Les différentes comparaisons établies des valeurs numériques laissent présager un moyend'action par le décideur politique du pays source d'émigration, en vue d'atténuer les effetsnéfastes de cette fuite des cerveaux. Ce moyen peut se réaliser, d'une part, grâce à despolitiques favorables à l'organisation des qualifiés au sein d'un groupe de pression ; et d'autrepart, en orientant l'émigration des qualifiés vers les pays dont l'économie est la plus libérale. / This thesis focuses on two phenomena: human capital and skilled migration.Such a choice is consolidated by the observation that on the one hand, humancapital is for Lebanon the only raw material given that it has no other resourcesof any kind that can promote its development, and on the other hand theinevitability of migration in the absence of opportunities.This thesis consists of three parts. In the first one, we extract from the abundantliterature the main features related to human capital, such as its contribution tothe growth of long-term capital and long-term production and therefore thegrowth of the considered country. Then, we study in detail the motivations ofbrain drain and its impact on source countries (underdeveloped) and hostcountries (developed).The second part is intended to describe in the Lebanese economy, factors ofgeneration of human capital, skilled employment levels, and skilled workersemigration.The third part is devoted to a model that combines these two phenomena inorder to highlight their interaction. This model is part of the work dealing withbrain drain using an overlapping generation economy in which are representedthe choices of consumers and producers. This model emphasizes the divergenceof interest towards skilled migrants, between source of emigration and hostcountries.This model has the merit of linking microeconomic effects characterized by anindividual choice of training to become skilled and of migrating, to themacroeconomic consequences of migratory movements, through an analysis ofagents' income and their employment level, long-term capital stock, long-termproduction, and welfare.Resolving the model gives the optimal quantity of this selective migration. Thisquantity is made explicit for source and host countries in a long-term perspectivefollowing pure and perfect competition situation and unionization of skilledworkers.The numerical results clearly confirm the following observation: the hostcountry clearly benefits from these skilled immigrants while the source countryis subject to the drain of one of its most production factors. These results alsoallow us to make for both countries a comparison of wages, employment levels,individual and collective welfare, capital and product.Comparisons of different numerical values suggest a means of action by thepolicymaker in the source country to mitigate the negative effects of the braindrain. This method can be achieved, on the one hand, through policiesfavourable to the qualified organization within a pressure group, and on theother hand, by directing skilled emigration to countries whose economy is mostliberal.

Thesis (M.A.(International Relations))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, 2016. / Today, it is estimated that annually, 70,000 skilled Africans depart their nations of origin to pursue professional and educational opportunities abroad. Many leaders, policymakers and developmental practitioners believe that this steady stream of emigrants—commonly referred to as brain drain—has a substantial impact on the ability of African nations to develop. As such, brain drain is rapidly becoming one of the most salient issues on the African development agenda. Conventional wisdom had it that once nations improved their political, economic and social conditions, brain drain would abate. Yet, some countries, which have succeededin advancing socio-economic reforms and political freedoms, are seeing an increase in skilled emigration. The West African nation of Ghana is one nation that is experiencing this problem, to the detriment of key areas such as education and healthcare. In an effort to curtail the impact of brain drain on development, several entities have undertaken initiatives to mitigate the effects of the phenomenon.This research will assess efforts to ameliorate the effects of brain drain in Ghana. Specifically, it examinestwo programs facilitated by the International Organization for Migration—the Return of Qualified African Nationals initiative and Migration for Development in Africa—as well as interventions by the Republic of Ghana. The purpose of the study is to better understand the objectives of these brain gain initiatives, how the programs are facilitated and their impact in order to extrapolate lessons that can assist future actors in formulating more effective measures to combat brain drain. / GR2017

Student Number : 0010372Y - MEd research report - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / This study aims to investigate the experiences, problems and challenges faced by Foreign Faculty at the University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), with a special focus on how both the institution and the Foreign Faculty address them. The broader focus of the study is to examine and explore how universities address the challenge of internationalisation at the faculty level. An increase of faculty from Africa at an institutional level highlights the changing features of North to South and South to South faculty mobility, within an increasingly international and globalised world. While Foreign Faculty are accepted into internationally acclaimed universities (such as Wits), the study reveals the limited nature of the knowledge base documenting the experiences of Foreign Faculty in South African Universities. The research indicates that in spite of high level qualifications and research experience many Foreign Faculty are required to accept middle-level lecturer and senior lecturer positions. Findings also indicate that Foreign Faculty often experience a variety of challenges as a result of moving from one country / system to another. This study represents a contribution towards the debate on the employment of Foreign Faculty.

Ethiopia suffers from a medical shortage or brain drainthat has severely affected its already fragile health care system. The country has a very low physician-to-population ratio,whilemany in the medical community continue to leave in great numbers. Aphenomenological approach was used in this study to explore the lived experiences of medical doctors who have left Ethiopia, with contemporary migration theory serving as the conceptual framework. The central research question focused onwhy Ethiopian medical doctors leave their country and what can be done to retain them. Participants were 10 medical doctors of Ethiopian origin who live and practice medicine in the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Participantswere purposively selected, and in-depth interviews and a focus group discussion were used to collect data from them. The study followed Moustakas' recommendations for phenomenological analysis, which representeda modification of the Stevick-Colaizzi-Keen method. The themes that emerged during data analysis have economic, political, professional, and personal dimensions. The findings includelow pay, lack of professional development, poor working conditions, the threat of political persecution, fear of contracting HIV, and inability to participate in health care decision-making. Recommendations accordingly include offering pay raises and fringe benefits, creating opportunities for professional development, improving working conditions, and limiting political interference in the health care system. Implications for positive social change include the fact that stemming the outflow of medical doctors could help save the lives of thousands of Ethiopians threatenedby preventable and curable diseases.

Thesis (M. P. A.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Title proper from title frame. Also available in printed format.

<p>This thesis focuses on the widely acknowledged so-called brain drain controversy. More concretely on developments in the traditional brain drain literature towards a new shift, claiming the brain gain effect, as an alternative to the brain drain effect, that emigration may bring to a source country. The research investigates not only the obvious direct loss effects – the so called brain drain – but also the possibility of more subtle indirect beneficial effects.</p>