Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-18T20:10:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Cec?lia de Souza Ant?nio.pdf: 1613209 bytes, checksum: e560fdd88ef8707b79c6d4b0120730ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T20:10:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Cec?lia de Souza Ant?nio.pdf: 1613209 bytes, checksum: e560fdd88ef8707b79c6d4b0120730ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-20 / CAPES / The sugar cane is one of the major agricultural products in Brazil. The crop is able to associate with diazotrophic bacteria (fix nitrogen from the air), that may be located inside the plant tissue (entophytic). The diazotrophic bacteria are capable of promoting growth of sugar cane by means of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) or production of hormones. But little is known about populations of these bacteria present in sugar cane. This work aimed to study diversity of the population and identify the isolates by molecular and physiological methods, as well as to assess the effectiveness of some isolates to promote plant growth of sugar cane in the field. In solid potato media, there were observed the formation of seven groups, with 95% of similarity, showing the great colonies morphology variation. Many isolates showed similar characteristics to the genus Gluconacetobacter, when analyzed in semi-solid LGI-P media and solid Potato-P and LGI-P media. Two isolates were most efficient in the endolar synthesis with production over 49 ?g/mL. All isolates were classified as Gram negative. Of the 36 isolates, 27.5% were similar to the standard strain RB 11366 (Burkholderia tropica), 45% to BR 11281 strain (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) and 5% to the other patterns BR 11335 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae), BR 11504 (Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans) and BR 11145 (Azospirillum amazonense). Through the comparison of the sequencing of 16S rDNA with the NCBI GenBank isolate 215 was identified as belonging to species Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, the 179-1a belonging to Burkholderia tropica and the isolated 151-B, 211-A, and 219 to the gender Burkholderia. The inoculated strains 160-1 and 215 promoted an increase in the straw dry biomass (up to 0.7 Mg ha-1) and total nitrogen of flag leaf (above 69,7 kg ha-1), respectively in the tested varieties RB 72454 and RB 918,639. Only the 160-1 isolate was able to promote increase in biomass in the RB 867515 variety. Stalk yield was higher for the variety RB 918639 with 191.96 Mg ha-1. / A cana-de-a??car ? um dos principais produtos agr?colas do Brasil. A cultura ? capaz de se associar as bact?rias diazotr?ficas (fixam nitrog?nio do ar), que podem estar no interior do tecido da planta (endof?ticas). As bact?rias diazotr?ficas endof?ticas s?o capazes de promover o crescimento da cana-de-a??car por meio da fixa??o biol?gica do nitrog?nio (FBN) ou pela produ??o de fitorm?nios. Mas pouco se conhece sobre as popula??es presentes destas bact?rias em cana-de-a??car. O presente trabalho visou estudar a diversidade da popula??o e identificar estes isolados, atrav?s de m?todos moleculares e fisiol?gicos, assim como avaliar a efici?ncia de alguns isolados na promo??o de crescimento vegetal de plantas de cana-de-a??car no campo. Foi observada em meio s?lido Batata, com 95% de similaridade, a forma??o de sete grupos mostrando a grande varia??o morfol?gica de col?nias neste meio testado. Muitos isolados apresentaram caracter?sticas similares ao g?nero Gluconacetobacter, quando analisados em meio semi-s?lido LGI-P e s?lido Batata-P e LGI-P. Dois isolados foram mais eficientes na s?ntese de ind?les com produ??es acima de 49 ?g/mL. Todos os isolados foram classificados como Gram negativos. Dos 36 isolados avaliados, 27,5% foram semelhantes ? estirpe padr?o RB 11366 (Burkholderia tropica); 45% a BR 11281 (Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus) e 5% aos demais padr?es BR 11335 (Herbaspirillum seropedicae), BR 11504 (Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans) e BR 11145 (Azospirillum amazonense). Atrav?s da compara??o do seq?enciamento do gene 16S rDNA com o NCBI GenBank o isolado 215 foi identificado com pertencente a esp?cie de Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus , o 179-1A com pertencente a esp?cie Burkholderia tropica e os isolados 151-B, 211-A e 219 ao g?nero Burkholderia. As estirpes 160-1 e 215 inoculadas promoveram aumento na produ??o de biomassa seca da palha (acima de 0,7 Mg.ha-1) e nitrog?nio total da folha bandeira (acima de 69,7 kg.ha-1), respectivamente nas variedades RB 72454 e RB 918639 testadas. Apenas o isolado 160-1 foi capaz de promover um aumento de biomassa seca na variedade RB 867515. A produ??o de colmos foi maior para a variedade RB918639 com 191,96 Mg.ha-1.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-11-23T11:46:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juliano Br?s Zanetti.pdf: 621874 bytes, checksum: 7668a4e8b8cab8a537ab2b436d55b596 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-23T11:46:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Juliano Br?s Zanetti.pdf: 621874 bytes, checksum: 7668a4e8b8cab8a537ab2b436d55b596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. / The production of plant biomass for alternative renewable energy currently represents a great challenge to research. The release of CO2 from its use constitutes only the CO2 recycling that was removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis, which in the long term, represents a valuable alternative for bio-energy. Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) is, among grasses, that with possibly the highest capacity for dry matter production, with other favorable characteristics for energy production. The aim of this study was to identify elephant grass genotypes with high biomass production and nitrogen accumulation under the inoculation with a mixture of N2-fixing bacteria. Two studies were conducted in Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro State. The first experiment was conducted in a concrete tank filled with a Ndeficient Acrisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split plots with four replications. The plots consisted of the inoculation treatments (inoculated and uninoculated), and sub-plots for the five elephant grass genotypes: Cameroon, BAG 02, Roxo, Clone CNPGL 93 41 1 and CNPGL 91 F06-3. The second experiment was carried out on a Planosol and the two genotypes, BAG 02 and Cameroon, with inoculation treatments, inoculation + 100 kg of N ha-1, 100 kg of N ha-1 and a zero N control. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial model with four replications. In these studies the following results were obtained: 1. Dry matter production (DM) ranged from 16 to 41 Mg of MS ha-1 year-1 when the varieties were grown in the Acrisol. In the Planosol the dry biomass varied between 48 and 56 Mg MS ha-1 in two crops over a 11-month period of cultivation. 2. In relation to the total N accumulated in shoots, the values ranged between 64 and 158 kg ha-1 when the genotypes were grown in Acrisol and between 297 and 441 kg ha-1 when the genotypes were cultivated in the Planosol. For these parameters, N accumulation and biomass yield, the best genotypes were: CNPGL F 06-3 and Cameroon followed by CNPGL 93 41 1 and BAG 02 genotype. 3. The C/N ratio was directly influenced by soil type, and the ratio observed in the Acrisol was approximately 50% higher when compared to the Planosol. 4. The calorific value and fiber content, cellulose, lignin and ash, which are related to the quality of the material, in general were not affected by genotype, or by treatment. The elephant grass biomass had positive qualitative and quantitative characteristics to be used for renewable energy production and the Cameron CNPGL F 06-3 genotype, followed by BAG CNPGL 93 41 02 genotype were the most promising. The genotypes studied no showed response of biomass production or N accumulation to inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria. / A produ??o de material energ?tico alternativo renov?vel, tal como a biomassa vegetal, representa hoje um dos grandes desafios para a pesquisa. No caso da biomassa, a libera??o de CO2 pelo seu uso representa apenas a reciclagem do CO2 que foi retirado da atmosfera pela fotoss?ntese, indicando que, em longo prazo, esta ser? uma das alternativas energ?ticas mais seguras. O capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) est? entre as gram?neas de maior capacidade de produ??o de mat?ria seca, com caracter?sticas qualitativas favor?veis para a produ??o de energia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar gen?tipos de capim-elefante para alto rendimento de biomassa, ac?mulo de N sob a inocula??o das plantas com uma mistura de bact?rias diazotr?ficas. Foram realizados dois estudos de campo localizados no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ. O primeiro experimento realizado em um tanque de concreto preenchido com Argissolo pobre em N dispon?vel. O delineamento experimental foi o de Blocos ao Acaso em parcelas divididas, com quatro repeti??es. As parcelas constitu?das pelos tratamentos de inocula??o (inoculado e n?o inoculado), e as sub-parcelas compostas pelos cinco gen?tipos de capim-elefante: Cameroon, BAG 02, Roxo, Clone CNPGL 93 41 1 e CNPGL 91 F06-3. No segundo experimento, realizado no campo em um Planossolo, os dois gen?tipos, BAG 02 e Cameroon foram avaliados sob os tratamentos de inocula??o, inocula??o + 100 kg de N.ha-1, 100 kg de N.ha-1, e o controle. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de Blocos ao Acaso em esquema fatorial com quatro repeti??es. Nestes estudos encontraram-se os seguintes resultados: 1. A produ??o de mat?ria seca (MS) que variou entre 16 e 41 Mg de MS.ha-1.ano-1, quando os gen?tipos foram cultivados no Argissolo. No Planossolo, o rendimento de biomassa seca variou entre 48 e 56 Mg.MS.ha-1 sob duas colheitas realizadas, em 11 meses de cultivo. 2. Em rela??o ao total de N acumulado na parte a?rea, os valores variaram entre 64 e 158 kg.ha-1 quando os gen?tipos foram cultivados no Argissolo, e entre 297 e 441 kg.ha-1 quando os gen?tipos foram cultivados no Planossolo. Para os par?metros, ac?mulo de N e rendimento de biomassa, os gen?tipos que mais se destacaram foram: CNPGL F 06-3 e Cameroon seguido dos gen?tipos BAG 02 e CNPGL 93 41 1. 3. A rela??o C/N foi influenciada diretamente pelo tipo de solo, sendo que no Argissolo as rela??es encontradas foram em torno de 50% maiores, quando comparadas com o Planossolo. 4. O poder calor?fico e os teores de fibra, celulose, lignina e cinzas, que est?o relacionados ? parte qualitativa do material, em geral, n?o foram influenciados pelos gen?tipos, nem pelos tratamentos avaliados. A biomassa do capim-elefante apresentou caracter?sticas qualitativas e quantitativas positivas para ser utilizado na produ??o de energia renov?vel, sendo os gen?tipos CNPGL F 06-3 e Cameron, seguido dos gen?tipos BAG 02 e CNPGL 93 41 1 os mais indicados. Os gen?tipos em estudo n?o apresentaram resposta para rendimento e acumula??o de N pela biomassa ? inocula??o com bact?rias diazotr?ficas.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-21T19:29:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Caroline Barra Sales Khayat da Costa.pdf: 5220401 bytes, checksum: 553248261c960b6b5fb62cadb1b26ebf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-21T19:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Caroline Barra Sales Khayat da Costa.pdf: 5220401 bytes, checksum: 553248261c960b6b5fb62cadb1b26ebf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26 / CAPES / One of the most known and important process in nature is the biological nitrogen fixation (FBN). Few classes of microorganisms perform this process; named diazotrophics that associated with plants is an important alternative to enhance nitrogen nutrition in agricultural systems. Diazotrophic bacterial population in association with sugarcane improves the yield due to its ability to colonize the inner roots of the host plant and do not provoke any pathogenicity signal. Quantitative analyzes have indicated that selection of combinations of endophytic diazotrophic strains when associated with sugarcane varieties can improve the yield and therefore varieties of sugarcane may be better exploited in order to benefit this association for agricultural purposes. Thus, this work proposes to monitor the establishment of diazotrophic bacteria present in the inoculant of Embrapa, during the initial development of sugarcane plants. Micro-propagated sets of the sugarcane variety RB867515 were inoculated individually and with a mixture of five nitrogen fixing bacteria strains that compose the sugarcane inoculant: Nitrospirillum amazonense (CBAmC) Paraburkholderia tropica (Ppe8) Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Pal5) Herbaspirillum seropedicae (HRC54) and Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (HCC103). Plants were grown in a greenhouse and harvested 30 days after planting. Fresh root material was separated for evaluation of the establishment of the strains by bacterial counting using the technique of Most Probable Number (MPN), absolute quantification by Real Time PCR (qPCR), besides the identification of the inoculated strains through analysis of the rDNA profile of the pellicle formed in the respective semisolid media using the BOX-PCR technique. The results of bacterial count diazotrophic present in the roots by NMP showed that the treatments inoculated in the control (native population) showed higher population of bacterial cells around 105 cells by fresh root mass, but not statistically significant. The methodology qPCR permitted quantitation of the number of 16S rDNA copies in the order of 105 bacterial cells g - 1 fresh weight root, showing that there were differences in the population of endophytic species that colonize the roots of sugarcane. The profiles of BOX -PCR of the respective pellicles formed in semisolid media did not show high similarity (> 80 %) with the profile of the species inoculated for most of the treatments. The results obtained indicate that the qPCR technique showed the establishment of some of the inoculated strains in sugar cane buds while the NMP technique showed no significant difference between treatments inoculated and non-inoculated possibly due to the lower sensitivity of the method. / Um dos processos mais conhecidos e importantes na natureza ? a fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio atmosf?rico (FBN). Este processo ? realizado por algumas classes de microrganismos, denominados diazotr?ficos, que associados com esp?cies vegetais s?o uma alternativa importante para aprimorar a nutri??o nitrogenada nos sistemas agr?colas. As popula??es de bact?rias fixadoras de nitrog?nio atmosf?rico quando associadas ? cultura da cana-de-a??car melhoram a produ??o e, ao colonizarem o interior das ra?zes promovem benef?cios ?s plantas hospedeiras. An?lises quantitativas t?m indicado que a sele??o das combina??es de estirpes de bact?rias diazotr?ficas endof?ticas e variedades de cana-de-a??car podem ser melhor exploradas com o objetivo de aperfei?oar a associa??o para finalidades agr?colas. Assim, o presente trabalho prop?e monitorar o estabelecimento das bact?rias diazotr?ficas presentes no inoculante para cana-de- a??car da Embrapa, durante o desenvolvimento inicial planta. Toletes propagados da variedade RB867515 de cana-de-a??car foram inoculados individualmente e com a mistura das cinco estirpes de bact?rias diazotr?ficas: Nitrospirillum amazonense (CBAmC), Paraburkholderia tropica (PPe8), Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (Pal5), Herbaspirillum seropedicae (HRC54) e Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans (HCC103). As plantas foram crescidas em casa de vegeta??o e coletadas 30 dias ap?s o plantio, sendo separado o material vegetal para avalia??o do estabelecimento das estirpes pela t?cnica do N?mero Mais Prov?vel (NMP) e quantifica??o absoluta por PCR em Tempo Real (qPCR). Adicionalmente foi feita a identifica??o das estirpes inoculadas atrav?s da an?lise do perfil de rDNA das pel?culas bacterianas formadas nos respectivos meios semiss?lidos pela t?cnica de BOX-PCR. Os resultados obtidos da contagem de bact?rias diazotr?ficas presente nas ra?zes por NMP mostrou que os tratamentos inoculados em rela??o ao controle (popula??o nativa), apresentaram uma maior popula??o de c?lulas bacterianas em torno de 105 c?lulas por massa fresca de raiz, por?m n?o significativa. A metodologia de qPCR permitiu a quantifica??o do n?mero de c?pias do 16S rDNA, da ordem de 105 c?lulas bacterianas g-1 massa fresca de raiz, mostrando que houve diferen?a na popula??o das esp?cies diazotr?ficas endof?ticas que colonizam as ra?zes de cana-de-a??car. Os perfis obtidos por BOX-PCR das pel?culas formadas nos respectivos meios semiss?lidos n?o mostraram alta similaridade (>80%) com o perfil das esp?cies inoculadas para a maioria dos tratamentos inoculados. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a t?cnica de qPCR permitiu mostrar o estabelecimento de algumas estirpe do inoculante nos toletes de cana-de a??car enquanto que a t?cnica de NMP n?o mostrou diferen?a significativas entre os tratamentos inoculados e n?o inoculados possivelmente pela menor sensibilidade da metodologia.