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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ajuste no fator C da RUSLE e avalia??o temporal da cobertura e perda de solo estimada na bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares- Ribeir?o do Saco/RJ / Adjust in factor C of RUSLE and temporal assessment of the coverage and estimated soil loss in the watershed of Palmares- Ribeir?o do Saco/RJ

MACEDO, Pietro Menezes Sanchez 31 August 2016 (has links)
FAPERJ / The importance of studying soils in order to preserve its functions includes conservation efforts whose goal is to ensure preservation of natural resources for future generations. This study works with the scientific hypothesis that changes in vegetation cover in the watershed of Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, Rio de Janeiro State, in the period of 2009-2015, favored the erosion reduction in this area. To verify this trend an estimate of soil losses was made with use of RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) which allows generating information to build up management plans to secure agricultural production, and to preserve natural resources of the region. Thus, the objective was to develop a methodology for assessment of vegetation affected by seasonality and able to reduce erosion, based on the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) in order to reduce part of values overestimation associated to errors in the RUSLE model. As secondary objective, to compare estimates of erosion and natural erosion potential (NEP) in the period of 2009-2015 with those obtained in the period of 1986-2009, in order to verify environmental impacts in the watershed. The area studied was the watershed of Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, located between the municipalities of Paty do Alferes and Miguel Pereira in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Even without the adoption of conservation practices by some of the region farmers, the general aspect of data provided by RUSLE and the NEP in recent years has shown that soil losses are tending to decrease, mainly due to the low recorded rainfall indexes, implying at low erosivity values. / A import?ncia do estudo dos solos a fim de preservar suas fun??es compreende os esfor?os conservacionistas que tem por meta garantir a persist?ncia dos recursos naturais para as gera??es futuras. O presente estudo trabalha com a hip?tese cient?fica de que a evolu??o da cobertura vegetal na bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, ocorrida no per?odo 2009-2015, favoreceu a redu??o do processo erosivo na bacia. Para averiguar tal tend?ncia foi feita a estimativa da perda de solo com uso da RUSLE (Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation) que possibilita gerar informa??es para montar planos de manejo que visem garantir a produ??o agr?cola preservando os recursos naturais da regi?o. Sendo assim, o objetivo principal foi desenvolver uma metodologia para avalia??o da vegeta??o afetada pela sazonalidade capaz de reduzir processos erosivos, com base no NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) a fim de reduzir parte das superestimativas associadas ao erro no modelo da RUSLE. E como objetivo secund?rio comparar as estimativas do processo erosivo e o potencial natural de eros?o (PNE) no per?odo 2009-2015 com aquelas obtidas no per?odo 1986-2009, com intuito de verificar os impactos ambientais ocorridos na bacia hidrogr?fica. A ?rea utilizada como objeto de estudo foi ? bacia hidrogr?fica de Palmares-Ribeir?o do Saco, situada entre os munic?pios de Paty do Alferes e Miguel Pereira no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Mesmo sem haver a ado??o de pr?ticas conservacionistas por partes dos produtores na regi?o, o aspecto geral dos dados fornecidos pela RUSLE e o PNE dos ?ltimos anos revelou que as perdas de solo est?o tendendo ? redu??o, sobretudo por conta dos baixos ?ndices pluviom?tricos registrados, implicando em valores baixos de erosividade.
2

Caracteriza??o de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium isoladas de Centrolobium paraense / Caracterization of strains isolated from Centrolobium paraense

MICHEL, Daniele Cabral 14 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-03-23T19:09:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniele Cabral Michel.pdf: 1915531 bytes, checksum: af036434bb0fd939d8e85a7ff4a1d43f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-23T19:09:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniele Cabral Michel.pdf: 1915531 bytes, checksum: af036434bb0fd939d8e85a7ff4a1d43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / FAPERJ / Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularly known as "pau-rainha", is a naturally occurring legume species from the northern state of Roraima (Brazil) to Panama. It has economic, social and environmental importance for local populations, being a nitrogen fixing species in association with bacteria of the rhizobia group. Thirteen Gram-negative, aerobic, motile with polar flagella, rods shaped bacteria previously isolated from root nodules of C. paraense grown in soils from the Roraima State were submitted to a polyphasic approach characterization. The study involved the carbon source utilization, enzymatic reaction, antibody, pH and NaCl tolerance, 16S rRNA, nodC, nifH and multi locus sequence phylogenetic analysis (MLSA with dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB and rpoB), G+C content and Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI). Growth of strains was observed at temperature range 20- 36?C (optimal 28?C), pH ranges 5-11 (optimal 6.0-7.0) and 0.1-0.5%NaCl (optimal 0.1- 0.3%). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene placed the strains into two groups within Bradyrhizobium. Closest neighbouring species (98.8%) for group I was B. neotropicale while for group II were twelve species with more than 99% of similarity. MLSA confirmed B. neotropicale BR 10247T as the closest type strain for the group I and B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T for group II. ANI differentiated group I from the B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79.6%), and group II from B. elkanii USDA 76T and B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88.1% and 87.9%, respectively). Fatty acid profiles (majority C16:0 and Summed feature 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) for both groups), DNA G+C content and carbon compound utilization supported the placement of the novel strains in the genus Bradyrhizobium. Gene nodC and nifH of the new strains have in general low similarity with other Bradyrhizobium species. Both groups nodulated plants from the tribes Crotalarieae, Dalbergiae, Genisteae and Phaseoleae. Based on the result obtained, two novel species which the names Bradyrhizobium centrolobii and Bradyrhizobium macuxiense are proposed. / Centrolobium paraense Tul. popularmente conhecido como ?pau-rainha?, ? uma esp?cie de leguminosa que ocorre naturalmente no norte do estado de Roraima (Brasil) ao Panam?. Tem import?ncia econ?mica, social e ambiental para popula??es locais, sendo uma esp?cie fixadora de nitrog?nio (N) em associa??o com bact?rias do grupo dos riz?bios. Treze bact?rias gram-negativas, aer?bicas, com mobilidade atrav?s de flagelos polares e em forma de bastonetes previamente isoladas de n?dulos de ra?zes de Centrolobium paraense cultivadas em solos do estado de Roraima foram submetidas a caracteriza??o com abordagem polif?sica. O estudo envolveu a utiliza??o de fontes de carbono, rea??es enzim?ticas, composi??o de ?cidos graxos das c?lulas, antibi?ticos, pH e toler?ncia a NaCl,16S rRNA, an?lise filogen?tica dos genes nodC, nifH e de sequ?ncias multilocus (MLSA com dnaK, glnII, recA, gyrB e rpoB), conte?do de G+C e identidade m?dia de nucleot?deos (ANI). O crescimento das estirpes foi observado num intervalo de temperatura 20-36?C (?tima 28?C), intervalo de pH de 5-11 (?timo 6,0-7,0) e 0,1-0,5% NaCl (?timo 0,1-0,3%). A an?lise do gene 16S rRNA posicionou as estirpes em dois grupos dentro de Bradyrhizobium. A esp?cie mais pr?xima (98,8%) para o grupo I foi B. neotropicale enquanto para o grupo II foram outras doze esp?cies com mais de 99% de similaridade. MLSA confirmou B. neotropicale BR 10247T como a estirpe tipo mais pr?xima do grupo I e B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T do grupo II. O ANI diferenciou o grupo I da B. neotropicale BR 10247T (79,6%) e o grupo II da B. elkanii USDA 76T e B. pachyrhizi PAC 48T (88,1 e 87,9 respectivamente. O perfil de ?cidos graxos (predomin?ncia de C16:0 e caracterist?ca somada 8 (18:1?6c/18:1?7c) para ambos os grupos, ANI, o conte?do de G+C e a utiliza??o de compostos de carbono deram suporte ao posicionamento das novas estirpes no g?nero Bradyrhizobium. Os genes nodC e nifH t?m em geral baixa similaridade com outras esp?cies de Bradyrhizobium. Ambos os grupos nodularam plantas de diferentes tribos.
3

Avalia??o de estrat?gias para remedia??o de solo contaminado por chumbo e b?rio provenientes de res?duos de perfura??o de po?o de prospec??o de petr?leo / Evaluation of strategies for remediation of soil contaminated by lead and barium, from well drilling oil prospecting waste

ANDRADE, Andr? Fern?o Martins de 31 August 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T21:35:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Andr? Fern?o Martins de Andrade.pdf: 4307696 bytes, checksum: d679370ce9902b97ed91c98436c9103a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T21:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Andr? Fern?o Martins de Andrade.pdf: 4307696 bytes, checksum: d679370ce9902b97ed91c98436c9103a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / UNIFOA / This study begun with a field survey in a one hectare area of petroleum drill waste (rocks and mud came from perforation) in Santa Maria do Oeste, in Paran? state, Brazil. It was verified different levels of metal contamination in the area, according to the surface position and with depth, with barium and lead over the investigation standard according to legislation. The highest level contaminated material was collected and used in a laboratory and greenhouse experiment at the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, initiated on December, 2007, and completed on June, 2010. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of remediation by washing contaminated soil (in situ and ex-situ) as well as phytoremediation. The waste washing ex-situ was simulated such as the contaminant would be removed from soil using a rotating device, with soil mixed with an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution in the proportion of 1:10. Removal of lead and calcium increased proportionally to concentration of extractor (from 100 to 1500 mmol L-1). Removal of barium increased considerably above 600 mmol L-1. Iron and manganese showed little influence by different concentration of extractor. The soil washing in-situ was simulated by addition of two solutions of EDTA, with concentration of 150 and 300 mmol L-1, and the control (water). The material was incubated in plastic columns, for three weeks, after that volumes of 100 mL of deionized water were added weekly for three weeks, and after that samples were taken daily up to a total of ten. The leached was collected and the barium and lead content were analyzed, also other metals that could interfere with the extraction. The fractions (exchangeable, iron bound, organic matter bound, and residual) that metals were associates in the waste, before and after washing, were also determined. It was found, in the higher EDTA concentration, a small extraction of barium, while lead had about 20% of the total in soil extracted. The phytoremediation was carry on with two species, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, an herbaceous plant, and Cordia africana, an arboreal. The plants growing up in vases with 4 kg of substratum were irrigated with deionized water and Hoagland nutrient solution (25% of ionic power). Two treatments were used in the phytoextraction induced with EDTA, in the concentration of 6 mmol L-1 (with one single application, and 3 dosages of 2 mmol L-1), plus the control. After 150 days for Brachiaria and 270 days for Cordia, the plants were collected, and analyzed (root and shoots) for heavy metal content. EDTA was effective to induce metal absorption, except for barium and calcium, where lead concentrated in the roots and barium in leaves (with highest concentration for EDTA applied in one dose). For Cordia, barium distributed equally in the plant sections, and lead concentrated in the roots. / Este trabalho iniciou-se com levantamento de campo na ?rea de despejo do res?duo de perfura??o de po?o de prospec??o de petr?leo (cascalhos e fluidos da broca) em Santa Maria do Oeste, Estado do Paran?, que possui ?rea aproximada de um hectare. Constatou-se que a ?rea apresentava diferentes n?veis de contamina??o de metais, estando, de acordo com sua posi??o no plano e em profundidade, com n?veis de b?rio e o chumbo na faixa de investiga??o, conforme norma legal. O material com maior n?vel de contamina??o foi coletado e utilizado em experimento de laborat?rio e casa de vegeta??o no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, a partir do m?s de dezembro de 2007 e finalizado em junho de 2010. Objetivou-se avaliar a efici?ncia da remedia??o atrav?s da lavagem do solo contaminado (in situ e ex-situ) bem como da sua fitorremedia??o. A lavagem do res?duo ex-situ foi simulada como aquela em que o contaminante seria removido do solo em um reator rotativo, onde o solo seria misturado em batelada a solu??o de EDTA na propor??o 1:10. A remo??o de chumbo e c?lcio aumentou com o aumento da concentra??o do extrator (de 100 a 1500 mmol L-1). A remo??o do b?rio aumentou consideravelmente acima de 600 mmol L-1; ferro e mangan?s foram pouco influenciados pelas diferentes concentra??es. A lavagem do solo in situ foi feita com adi??o de duas solu??es de ?cido etilenodiamino tetra-ac?tico diss?dico (Na2EDTA), de concentra??es 150 e 300 mol L-1, al?m da testemunha (?gua), em colunas est?ticas que, ap?s um per?odo de tr?s semanas de incuba??o, receberam 100 mL de ?gua deionizada a cada semana por tr?s semanas e, depois, uma coleta por dia at? perfazer 10 coletas. Os lixiviados foram coletados e analisados os teores dos contaminantes b?rio e chumbo, al?m de outros metais interferentes com a extra??o. Determinou-se, ainda, as diversas fra??es (troc?vel, ligada a ?xidos, ligada ? mat?ria org?nica e residual) em que esses metais se encontravam no res?duo antes e ap?s a lavagem. Foi verificada, na maior concentra??o de EDTA, extra??o insignificante de b?rio, enquanto o chumbo teve extra?do cerca de 20% do seu total no solo. A fitorremedia??o deu-se por meio do uso de duas esp?cies, uma herb?cea (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) e outra lenhosa (Cordia africana). As plantas se desenvolveram em vasos com 4 kg de substrato, recebendo fertirriga??o (solu??o de Hoagland a 25% de for?a i?nica). Foram usados dois tratamentos na fitoextra??o induzida com EDTA, na concentra??o de 6 mmol L-1 em duas formas de aplica??o (3 aplica??es de 2 mmol.L-1 e uma de 6 mmol L-1) e a testemunha. Ap?s per?odo de desenvolvimento de 150 dias para a braqui?ria e de 270 dias para a c?rdia, as plantas foram coletadas tendo suas ra?zes e a parte a?rea analisada quanto ao conte?do de metais. Na braqui?ria, o EDTA foi efetivo na indu??o da absor??o dos metais com exce??o do b?rio e do c?lcio, tendo o chumbo se concentrado nas ra?zes e o b?rio nas folhas (com maior concentra??o no tratamento de aplica??o ?nica de EDTA). Na c?rdia, o b?rio distribuiu-se igualmente entre as partes analisadas e o chumbo se concentrou nas ra?zes.
4

Aduba??o nitrogenada em mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz): efeitos sobre o crescimento da cultura / Nitrogen fertilization in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): effects on crop growth

SOUZA, Eva Aparecida de 29 September 2000 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-25T19:13:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2000 - Eva Aparecida de Souza.pdf: 524982 bytes, checksum: e193e5f67e0c9dafb75bc879a9949011 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-25T19:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2000 - Eva Aparecida de Souza.pdf: 524982 bytes, checksum: e193e5f67e0c9dafb75bc879a9949011 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-09-29 / Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main sources of carbohydrates for human food in the tropics, part of the staple food of about 500 million people, mainly in developing countries. The literature on cassava nitrogenous fertilization is scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of levels and nitrogenous fertilizer sources on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in roots and aerial parts of cassava. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station of Itagua?/PESAGRO-Rio in Serop?dica, State of Rio de Janeiro, on a Red-Yellow Podzolic soil, in the period May 1999 to June 2000. The design of the field experiment was in randomized blocks with four repetitions, in a 3 x 5 factorial outline, made up of by three N sources (urea, nitrocalcium and ammonium sulphate) and five N levels (0, 60, 120, 180 and 200 kg N ha-1). Each plot had 64.0 m2 with 12 grooves, spaced at 1.0m. The planting was carried out on 28/05/1999 with cuttings of cultivar Saracura. The nitrogen levels were divided into two applications, the first half was applied planting and other half was applied 9 month later. Plants were harvested at 07, 11 and 13 months after planting and determined dry matter, total nitrogen, nitrate-N, amino-N, crude protein and soluble sugars in roots, leaves and stem. To 7 months after planting, urea showed higher total dry matter value. At 13 months, nitrocalcium and ammonium sulphate provided dry matter root yield 20 % higher than the urea. The N content in leaves was approximately 7 times bigger those the N root contents. The application of 30 kg N ha-1 resulted in increase of 11% in leaf N content. There was a cassava response to N application and can behave as a specie efficient responsive little. / A mandioca ? uma das principais fontes de carboidratos nos tr?picos, fazendo parte da alimenta??o b?sica de cerca de 500 milh?es pessoas, principalmente em pa?ses em desenvolvimento. Estudos com aduba??o nitrogenada em mandioca s?o escassos. O presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de fontes e n?veis de adubos nitrogenados sobre o ac?mulo de mat?ria seca e distribui??o de nitrog?nio nas ra?zes e parte a?rea da cultura da mandioca. O experimento foi instalado na Esta??o Experimental de Itagua? (PESAGRO-RJ), sobre um solo Podz?lico Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico, no periodo de maio de 1999 a junho de 2000. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso no esquema fatorial 3 x 5 com quatro repeti??es. Foram avaliadas tr?s fontes de nitrog?nio: ur?ia, nitroc?lcio e sulfato de am?nio, combinadas em cinco n?veis de aplica??o de N: 0; 60; 120; 160 e 200 kg N ha-1. Cada parcela apresentou 64 m2 com 12 sulcos, espa?ados de 1,0 m. O plantio foi realizado em 28/05/1999, usando-se manivas da cultivar Saracura, obtidas de fonte comercial da regi?o produtora de Santa Cruz, munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro. As doses de N foram aplicadas parceladamente, sendo metade por ocasi?o do plantio e a outra metade aos nove meses ap?s o plantio. Foram realizadas coletas de material vegetal aos sete, onze e aos treze meses ap?s plantio para determinar as seguintes vari?veis: massa seca, N-total, prote?na bruta, N-amino, N-nitrato e a??cares sol?veis de ra?zes, folhas e caule. Aos sete meses ap?s o plantio, a ureia apresentou maior valor de massa seca total. Aos 13 meses, nitroc?lcio e sulfato de am?nio proporcionaram rendimento de massa seca de raiz 20% superior ao da ur?ia. A aplica??o de 30 kg N ha-1 resultou em um aumento de 11% no teor de N em folhas. O teor de N em folhas foi aproximadamente sete vezes maior ao N da raiz. Durante o per?odo de crescimento da cultura, houve uma resposta da mesma ? aplica??o de N, podendo se comportar como uma esp?cie eficiente pouco responsiva.
5

Co-inocula??o de riz?bio e bact?rias promotoras de crescimento vegetal em feijoeiro comum / Co-inoculation of rhizobia and plant growth promoting bacteria in common bean

BASTOS, Rennan do Amaral 04 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-02-08T16:51:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rennan do Amaral Bastos.pdf: 2824478 bytes, checksum: 5a974a7444eaef272210a147add547a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-08T16:51:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Rennan do Amaral Bastos.pdf: 2824478 bytes, checksum: 5a974a7444eaef272210a147add547a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-04 / The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of biomass and grains in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in co-inoculation with rhizobia and plant growth promoting bacteria. The work was divided into three chapters. The first evaluated the compatibility between rhizobia and plant growth promoting bacteria and their effects on plant growth. In Petri dishes assay, Azospirillum amazonense and A. brasilense were co-inoculated with Rhizobium tropici at three application levels, and no antagonism was detected. The experiment in Leonard jars had a 5x3+3 factorial with eight replications, consisting of five bacteria (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, A. amazonense, Azospirillum brasilense and Escherichia coli) and three application levels (104, 106 and 108 CFU mL-1), all co-inoculated with R. tropici plus three additional treatments (control, nitrogen, and inoculated with R. tropici). Co-inoculation increased nodulation, N concentration and content in the shoot. The experiment in pots with soil had 3x2x2+4 factorial with four replications, consisting of three growth promoters (B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii and A. brasilense), two application levels (104 and 106 CFU mL-1), two N sources (R. tropici and mineral N), and four additional control treatments (absolute control, nitrogen, inoculated with rhizobia and co-inoculated with AZOTOTAL?). Inoculation with A. brasilense associated with N fertilization increased the production of leaves and shoots. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the growth and production of common bean under co-inoculation. An experiment in pots with soil in a factorial 2x3+4 with 8 repetitions were performed by combining the inoculation of R. tropici with A. brasilense or B. diazoefficiens in three application levels (104, 106 and 108 CFU mL-1) plus the control treatments (absolute, nitrogen, inoculated with rhizobia and co-inoculated with AZOTOTAL?). Four replications were harvested at 45 days after sowing, and four at grain maturity. Co-inoculated plants showed shoot mass, number of pods, shoot N content, grain yield, number of seeds and pods per plant higher than the control inoculated with rhizobia. The leaf chlorophyll Falker index was similar in co-inoculated treatments and under mineral N fertilization, but lower than the exclusive inoculation R. tropici. In the third chapter it was evaluated the growth and production of common bean under different strategies of mineral N fertilization associated with co-inoculation with R. tropici and A. brasilense. The experiment had seven treatments with four replications: control; inoculation with R. tropici without N application; control with mineral N; co-inoculation with R. tropici and A. brasilense without N fertilization or application of 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing; inoculation with R. tropici and 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing; inoculation with A. brasilense and 20 kg ha-1 of N at sowing. Plants were harvested at 45 days after sowing and at grain maturity. Co-inoculation combined with the N fertilization resulted in higher mass values of leaves, stem, shoot, dry mass of grains, number of grains per plant and accumulation of N in pods and grains. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a produ??o de biomassa e de gr?os em feijoeiro comum (Phaseolus vulgaris) sob co-inocula??o de riz?bio e bact?rias promotoras de crescimento vegetal. O trabalho foi dividido em tr?s cap?tulos. O primeiro teve como objetivo avaliar a compatibilidade entre riz?bio e bact?rias promotoras de crescimento e seus efeitos no crescimento das plantas. Em ensaio em placas de Petri, Azospirillum amazonense e A. brasilense foram co-inoculados com Rhizobium tropici em tr?s doses de aplica??o, verificando-se aus?ncia de antagonismo. O experimento em vasos de Leonard teve esquema fatorial 5x3+3 com oito repeti??es, composto por cinco bact?rias (Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens, B. elkanii, Azospirillum amazonense, A. brasilense e Escherichia coli) e tr?s doses de aplica??o (104, 106 e 108 UFC mL-1), todas co-inoculadas com R. tropici, e tr?s tratamentos adicionais (testemunhas absoluta, nitrogenada, e inoculada com R. tropici). A co-inocula??o aumentou a nodula??o, teor e conte?do de N na parte a?rea. O experimento em vasos com solo teve esquema fatorial 3x2x2+4 com quatro repeti??es, composto por tr?s promotores de crescimento (B. diazoefficiens, B. elkanii e A. brasilense), duas doses (104 e 106 UFC mL-1), duas fontes de N (R. tropici e N mineral), e quatro tratamentos adicionais (testemunhas absoluta, nitrogenada, inoculada com riz?bio e co-inoculada com AZOTOTAL?). A inocula??o com A. brasilense associada ? aduba??o nitrogenada aumentou a produ??o de folhas e de parte a?rea. O segundo cap?tulo teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento e produ??o do feijoeiro sob co-inocula??o. Foi realizado um experimento em vasos com solo em esquema fatorial 2x3+4 com oito repeti??es, combinando a inocula??o de R. tropici com A. brasilense ou B. diazoefficiens e tr?s doses de aplica??o (104, 106 e 108 UFC mL-1), acrescidos das testemunhas absoluta, nitrogenada, inoculada com riz?bio e co-inoculada com AZOTOTAL?. As plantas foram coletadas aos 45 dias ap?s plantio e na matura??o dos gr?os. As plantas co-inoculadas apresentaram massa de parte a?rea, n?mero de vagens, conte?do de N na parte a?rea, massa de gr?os, n?mero de gr?os e de vagens por planta, superiores ? testemunha inoculada com riz?bio. O ?ndice de clorofila Falker foi similar nos tratamentos co-inoculados e sob aduba??o nitrogenada, mas inferior ao da inocula??o com R. tropici. No terceiro cap?tulo avaliou-se o crescimento e produ??o do feijoeiro sob diferentes estrat?gias de aduba??o nitrogenada associada ? co-inocula??o. O experimento consisitu de sete tratamentos com oito repeti??es: testemunha absoluta; inocula??o com R. tropici sem aplica??o de N; testemunha com N mineral; co-inocula??o com R. tropici e A. brasilense sem N ou com 20 kg ha-1 de N em semeadura; inocula??o com R. tropici e 20 kg ha-1 de N em semeadura; inocula??o com A. brasilense e 20 kg ha-1 de N em semeadura. As plantas foram coletadas aos 45 dias e na matura??o. A co-inocula??o combinada com a aduba??o nitrogenada resultou em maiores valores de massa de folhas, caule, parte a?rea, massa seca de gr?os, n?mero de gr?os por planta e ac?mulo de N nas vagens e gr?os.
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Avalia??o das emiss?es de gases de efeito estufa em diferentes cen?rios de intensifica??o de uso das pastagens no Brasil Central / Assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from different scenarios of pasture intensification for central Brazil

CARDOSO, Abmael da Silva 27 January 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-18T18:54:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Abmael da Silva Cardoso.pdf: 1600160 bytes, checksum: 714351549deda5ed89c5e1ae3f665e30 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T18:54:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Abmael da Silva Cardoso.pdf: 1600160 bytes, checksum: 714351549deda5ed89c5e1ae3f665e30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-27 / CAPES / The production of beef cattle in Brazil is responsible for much of the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, especially methane from enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide from animal excretion. Changes in pasture management cattle diets may reflect a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions per unit of product produced. The objectives of this study were to simulate the effect of emission of greenhouse gases at different levels of intensification of beef production in Brazil, applying appropriate emission factors, and to assess the effect of changes in soil carbon stocks on the carbon balance. Four scenarios were established: number 1 - animals spent the entire cycle in areas of degraded pastures and extensive system; 2 - the animals spent the entire cycle on improved pastures but under an extensive system; 3 - the animals were raised on extensive improved pastures and supplemented in growing and fattening systems; and 4 - the animals were raised on pastures with intensive finishing in feedlots. The estimates of the GHG emissions were based on Brazilian studies of the zootecnic characteristics for each scenario. Using the methodology of the IPCC Tier 2 in the Scenario 2, the annual amount of CO2 emitted per carcass produced was 35.47 % lower than scenario 1; less than 18.85% in scenario 3 compared to scenario 2; and 19.6% lower in scenario 4 compared to scenario 3. Thus the intensification of production systems reduced the carbon emission per unit of product. Among the different factors used to compute the GHG balance, the application of Brazilian originated factors showed lower emissions per kg of product, and the methodology that uses the level of detail 2 of IPCC the highest. When the carbon sequestered by the soil was included in the balance, the mitigation values increase to 83.92% when comparing scenario 1 with 4, pointing to an even greatest mitigation potential per unit of product. The association between intensification and pasture recovery with carbon sequestration by soil presented a mitigation potential from 14.91 to 83.92% of emissions per unit of product. / A produ??o de bovinos de corte ? respons?vel no Brasil por grande parte da emiss?o de gases de efeito estufa (GEE), especialmente metano pela fermenta??o ent?rica dos animais e ?xido nitroso pela excre??o. Mudan?as no manejo e alimenta??o de animais bovinos podem repercutir numa redu??o das emiss?es destes gases por unidade de produto produzida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da emiss?o de gases de efeito estufa em diferentes n?veis de intensifica??o da pecu?ria de corte no Brasil aplicando diferentes fatores de emiss?o, bem como avaliar o efeito do sequestro de carbono sobre o balan?o de carbono. Quatro cen?rios foram estabelecidos: no primeiro os animais passavam todo o ciclo em ?reas com pastagens degradadas e sistema extensivo; no segundo os animais tinham o ciclo completo em pastagens resolutivas e sistema extensivo; no terceiro os animais eram criados em sistema extensivo em pastagens melhoras e com suplementa??o na recria e engorda; e no quarto sistema os animais eram criados em pastagens manejadas intensivamente com engorda em confinamento. A emiss?o de GEE para cada cen?rio foi calculada em fun??o das caracter?sticas zoot?cnicas e com base em estudos nacionais. Foi utilizada a metodologia do IPCC Tier 2 para o Cen?rio 2, a quantidade anual de CO2 emitido por carca?a produzida foi 35,47% menos em rela??o ao cen?rio 1, menos 18,85% no cen?rio 3 em rela??o ao cen?rio 2, e 19,6% menos no cen?rio 4 em rela??o ao cen?rio 3. Portanto a intensifica??o da bovinocultura de corte reduz a pegada de carbono da carne bovina. Entre os diferentes fatores usados para o balan?o de GEE o com fatores nacionais apresentou menor emiss?o por quilo de produto, e o m?todo com o n?vel de detalhamento 2 do IPCC a maior emiss?o. Quando inclusos os valores de carbono sequestrado pelo solo no balan?o, os valores de mitiga??o aumentaram para 83,92% entre o cen?rio 1 e 4, apontando para um potencial de mitiga??o ainda maior por unidade de produto. A associa??o entre intensifica??o e recupera??o das pastagens com sequestro de carbono pelo solo apresentou potencial de mitiga??o entre 14,91 e 83,92% das emiss?es por unidade de produto.
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Perdas por volatiliza??o de N-NH3 e avalia??o de fertilizantes nitrogenados contendo micronutrientes na cultura do milho (Zea mays) / Volatilization losses of N-NH3 and evaluation of nitrogen fertilizer containing micronutrients in maize (Zea mays)

STAFANATO, Juliano Bahiense 21 February 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-19T20:11:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Juliano Bahiense Stafanato.pdf: 777062 bytes, checksum: 5c25a6af1b707f5ea33fcb9f45c94a6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T20:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Juliano Bahiense Stafanato.pdf: 777062 bytes, checksum: 5c25a6af1b707f5ea33fcb9f45c94a6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-21 / CAPES / This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of nitrogen losses by volatilization of ammonia from urea fertilizers pelletized with different micronutrients (zinc, copper and boron), and to evaluate possible residual effect of these nutrients as well as the effect on the growth and development of corn (Zea mays) plants. The studies took place in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Soils Department of Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. The soil used in this study was sampled from surface horizon of a Fragiudult soil and had sandy texture. For testing volatilization and residual effect of nitrogen two doses (100 and 200 kg ha-1) were applied. The fertilizers were evaluated for N losses for a period of 21 days. After the period of the N losses evaluation, corn seeds were planted in the same soil, to assess the residual effect of these pelletized fertilizer containing micronutrients. After these two experiments, they were selected, among the 15 pelletized urea formulas, 9 products that showed the best results, especially those which resulted in decreasing N losses by volatilization. These products were then evaluated for their effect on growth and development of corn plants, using the variety Sol da Manh?. The amount of the micronutrient boron in the pelletized urea positively influenced the reduction of N losses by NH3 volatilization, particularly when in higher concentration (4.0% B), reducing N losses by 50% (rate of 100 kg ha-1) and 64 % (dose of 200 kg ha-1) compared to the pearly urea. In general, the pelletized urea containing micronutrients, especially B, single or associated with Zn and Cu, showed to be a promising alternative for new fertilizers, with the goal of reducingN losses by volatilization. There was no effect of the different nitrogen fertilizers application as for increasing residual N in the soil. The application of the pelletized urea containing Zn, Cu and B micronutrients, single and / or associated, increased their quantities in the soil. The largest additions of the micronutrients Zn, Cu and B in the soil, using the pelletized urea, consequently, reflected in greatest amounts of these elements in the maize plant. The addition of zinc by application of pelletized urea did not show positive effect in the growth of corn plant as expected. Possibly, due to zinc quantities in the soil sufficient to supply the plants requirement. The presence of boron in the pelletized urea influenced the accumulation of N in the plants, especially for B concentrations in the fertilizer above 2.0 %. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a din?mica de perdas de nitrog?nio por volatiliza??o da am?nia oriundo de fertilizantes pastilhados de ureia com diferentes micronutrientes (zinco, cobre e boro), avaliando o poss?vel efeito residual destes nutrientes como tamb?m seu efeito sobre o crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de milho (Zea mays). Os estudos foram realizados em casa de vegeta??o localizada na ?rea experimental do Departamento de Solos da UFRRJ. O solo utilizado neste trabalho foi proveniente de um horizonte superficial de um Planossolo H?plico (textura arenosa). Para o ensaio de volatiliza??o e efeito residual foram utilizados duas doses de N (100 e 200 kg ha-1), onde os diferentes fertilizantes foram avaliados quanto as perdas de N por um per?odo de 21 dias. Ap?s o per?odo de avalia??o das perdas de N foram plantadas no mesmo solo, sementes de milho com intuito de avaliar o efeito residual destes fertilizantes pastilhados contendo micronutrientes. Ao t?rmino destes dois ensaios, foram ent?o selecionados dentre os 15 pastilhados de ureia, 9 produtos que apresentaram os melhores resultados, principalmente aqueles que resultaram em maiores redu??es nas perdas de N por volatiliza??o, que foram ent?o avaliados quanto ao seu efeito no crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de milho, variedade Sol da Manh?. O micronutriente boro presente nos pastilhados de ureia influenciaram positivamente na redu??o das perdas de N-NH3 por volatiliza??o, principalmente quando presente na maior concentra??o (4,0% B), reduzindo as perdas de N em 50% (dose de 100 kg ha-1) e em 64% (dose de 200 kg ha-1) as perdas em rela??o a ureia perolada. De forma geral, os pastilhados de ureia contendo micronutrientes, principalmente B de forma isolada e/ou associado com Zn e Cu demonstraram ser uma alternativa promissora de novos fertilizantes com objetivo de reduzir as perdas de N por volatiliza??o. N?o houve efeito da aplica??o dos diferentes fertilizantes nitrogenados em aumentar as quantidades residuais de N no solo. A aplica??o dos pastilhados de ureia contendo os micronutrientes Zn, Cu e B isolados e/ou associados aumentaram as quantidades destes no solo. As maiores adi??es dos micronutrientes Zn, Cu e B no solo via ureia pastilhada refletiram-se, consequentemente, em maiores quantidades destes elementos na planta de milho. A adi??o de zinco via aplica??o de ureia pastilhada n?o apresentou efeito positivo em incrementar o crescimento da planta de milho como esperado. Possivelmente, pois as quantidades de zinco no solo foram suficientes para suprir as necessidades das plantas. A presen?a de boro nos pastilhados de ureia influenciaram o ac?mulo de N nas plantas, principalmente para concentra??es de B no fertilizante acima de 2,0%.
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Eros?o h?drica sob chuva simulada em diferentes classes de solos e coberturas vegetais na Prov?ncia Petrol?fera de Urucu - Coari, AM / Hydric erosion under simulated rainfall in different soil classes and vegetal covers in the Petroliferous Province of Urucu - Coari, AM

MACHADO, Frederico Santos 27 May 2010 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-05T18:33:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Frederico Santos Machado.pdf: 2164167 bytes, checksum: 28047d32a367720ee18ef9cf4c58be45 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T18:33:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Frederico Santos Machado.pdf: 2164167 bytes, checksum: 28047d32a367720ee18ef9cf4c58be45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-27 / The hydric erosion is one of main environmental impact in Central Amazonia region, causing serious economic consequences for implantation and recovery of operational locations of PETROBRAS S/A oil and natural gas exploration and production sites. This study was carried through in Petroliferous Province of Urucu, municipality of Coari (AM). The objective was to quantify soil loss (SL) and runoff (SD) in different soil classes and under vegetal coverings using a portable rain simulator. Sixteen batteries of tests were done, eight batteries for each soil class (Fluventic Dystrustepts e Kanhaplic Haplustults). For each battery three repetitions had been made in the following covers: forest, forest without litter and grass. The results of Tukey test at 0.05 level showed that soil classes were not significantly different between themselves. On the other hand, the organic carbon percentage and the soil bulk density had greatest importance for the soil loss. These attributes, plus fine sand and clay, influenced most in the runoff. It was also possible to observe that runoff was the attribute of highest correlation with soil loss. The conversion of forest areas into grass increased, at least, four times the water runoff, changing it from 14.2 mm to 57.7 mm in the grass area, and, at least, two times loss of soil mass, achieving the value of 35.68 t.ha-1.year-1 in the grass area. Although with these values, grassy areas only differed significantly from the forest areas in the runoff. The runoff values tend to increase twofold when litter is removed from the forest soils, while the soil losses increased 40%. The attributes that were important for the soil classes were the same for cover types, however with differences in the attribute clay content for soil loss, and coarse sand for runoff. For the studied treatments, the attribute that showed highest correlation with soil loss was runoff. / A eros?o h?drica ? um dos principais impactos ambientais na regi?o da Amaz?nia Central, causando s?rias conseq??ncias, inclusive econ?micas, para a implanta??o e recupera??o de loca??es operacionais de explora??o e produ??o de petr?leo e g?s natural da PETROBRAS S/A. Este estudo foi realizado na Prov?ncia Petrol?fera de Urucu, munic?pio de Coari (AM) e teve como objetivo quantificar a perda de solo (PS) e o escoamento superficial (ES) em diferentes grupos de solo e coberturas vegetais, utilizando um simulador de chuva port?til. Foram efetuadas 16 baterias de testes, sendo 4 baterias para cada grupo de solo (ARGISSOLO AMARELO Al?tico, ARGISSOLO VERMELHO-AMARELO Al?tico, CAMBISSOLO H?PLICO Al?tico e CAMBISSOLO H?PLICO Tb Distr?fico). Em cada bateria foram realizados tr?s repeti??es nas seguintes coberturas: floresta, floresta sem serrapilheira e gram?nea. As classes de solo n?o diferiram significativamente entre si ao n?vel de 5%, segundo o teste de Tukey. Para a PS, a porcentagem de carbono org?nico e a densidade do solo t?m grande import?ncia para os grupos de solo. Esses atributos, mais a areia fina e argila influenciaram o ES. Tamb?m foi poss?vel observar que o escoamento foi o atributo com maior coeficiente de correla??o com a perda de solo. A convers?o das ?reas de floresta em gram?nea aumentou em no m?nimo quatro vezes a l?mina de ?gua escoada, passando de 14,2 mm para 57,7 mm na gram?nea e, no m?nimo, duas vezes a massa de solo perdida, chegando a 35,8 t.ha-1.ano-1 na gram?nea. Apesar desses valores, as ?reas cobertas por gram?neas apenas diferiram significativamente das ?reas de florestas em rela??o ao ES. Quando se retira a serrapilheira em solos florestais, os valores de escoamento dobram, enquanto que as perdas aumentam em 40%. Os atributos que tiveram import?ncia para as classes de solo foram os mesmos para os tipos de coberturas, por?m com diferen?as no atributo teor de argila para a perda de solo e no teor de areia grossa para o escoamento. Para os tratamentos estudados, o escoamento continua sendo o atributo com maior coeficiente de correla??o com a perda.
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Morfologia, arquitetura radicular e metabolismo de nitrog?nio em variedades de arroz sob baixa disponibilidade de am?nio / Morphology, root architecture and nitrogen metabolism in rice varieties under low ammonium availability

RANGEL, Rafael Passos 26 February 2014 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-23T19:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rafael Passos Rangel.pdf: 2601166 bytes, checksum: 8cd9cbb0ff858a2d7c7c31027eaf3efb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-23T19:49:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Rafael Passos Rangel.pdf: 2601166 bytes, checksum: 8cd9cbb0ff858a2d7c7c31027eaf3efb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / CAPES / Root morphology is a major factor related to the efficiency of nutrient acquisition. For this reason, this work compared this characteristic in three contrasting rice varieties: IAC 47 (improved variety) and two traditional varieties cultivated in the state of Maranh?o (Piau? and Manteiga originated in an environment with low nutrient input). These varieties were subjected to a low N-NH4+ supply and analyzed for the root morphology parameters, expression of ammonium high affinity transport system (OsAMT1.1~1.3) and GS activity in three segments of the root system. It was also determined the soluble fractions and total nitrogen in the different segments of the plants (leaves, sheaths and roots) to verify the metabolic alterations as a result of low ammonium input. The GS activity was higher in the second segment in the Manteiga and IAC-47 varieties compared to Piau?, in the other segments. A similar result was observed in the Manteiga variety in the third segment (bottom of the root system) submitted to NH4+ resupply. When grown without NH4+, the Manteiga variety showed higher OsAMT1.3 expression in the lower segment of the root system, and greater root growth, indicating a possible involvement of this transporter in the control of root morphology in rice plants. There was lower expression of OsAMT1.1 and OsAMT1.2 unlike OsAMT1.3 but being distributed to other segments of the root system. In resupply with NH4+ (38 DAG) there was repression of ammonium transporters in the bottom (PI) of the root system and increased expression of OsAMT1.2 the median part (PM) in Piau? variety. In the upper part of the roots (PS) higher levels of ammonium transporter expression was observed in the IAC-47, and Manteiga. This difference in expression between varieties originated from regions with low N availability (Piau? and Manteiga) and improved IAC-47 is an indication that under conditions of limited N, the highest expression of OsAMT1.3 may be associated with an increase in morphological parameters. / A morfologia radicular ? uma das principais caracter?sticas relacionadas ? efici?ncia de aquisi??o de nutrientes em plantas. Deste modo, variedades de arroz contrastantes: uma melhorada, (IAC-47) e duas variedades locais do Maranh?o: (Piau? e Manteiga, origin?rias de cultivos com baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes) foram submetidas a um baixo suprimento de N-NH4+ e avaliadas quanto aos par?metros de morfologia radicular, express?o dos transportadores de alta afinidade para am?nio (OsAMT1.1~1.3) e atividade de GS em tr?s segmentos do sistema radicular. Tamb?m foram determinadas as fra??es sol?veis e o nitrog?nio total nas diferentes partes da planta (folha, bainha e raiz) de forma a acompanhar altera??es metab?licas em resposta a baixa disponibilidade de am?nio. A atividade da GS foi maior na segunda coleta, nas variedades Manteiga e IAC-47 em rela??o a Piau?, nas demais coletas. Resultado semelhante foi observado na parte inferior do sistema radicular, para a variedade Manteiga na terceira coleta com ressuprimento com am?nio. Quando cultivada sem suplementa??o amoniacal, a variedade Manteiga apresentou maior express?o do OsAMT1.3 na parte inferior (PI) do sistema radicular, e maior crescimento de ra?zes, indicando um poss?vel envolvimento desse transportador com o controle da morfologia radicular de plantas de arroz. Houve menor express?o do OsAMT1.1 e OsAMT1.2 diferentemente do OsAMT1.3, por?m distribuindo-se a outros segmentos do sistema radicular. No ressuprimento com am?nio aos 38 dias ap?s a germina??o (38 DAG) houve repress?o dos transportadores de am?nio na parte inferior (PI) do sistema radicular e aumento de express?o do OsAMT1.2 na parte mediana (PM) para a variedade Piau?. Na parte superior das ra?zes (PS) os maiores n?veis de express?o dos transportadores de am?nio de alta afinidade foram observados para as variedades IAC-47 e Manteiga. Esta diferen?a de express?o entre variedades oriundas de regi?es com baixa disponibilidade de N (Piau? e Manteiga) e a variedade melhorada IAC-47 ? um indicio que sob condi??es limitantes de N, a maior express?o do OsAMT1.3 pode estar associado com incremento nos par?metros morfol?gicos.
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Avalia??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio em plantios tecnificados de feij?o-caupi na regi?o Centro-Oeste do Brasil / Evaluation of biological nitrogen fixation in technified crops of cowpea in the Midwest region of Brazil

SILVA J?NIOR, Elson Barbosa da 24 February 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-17T19:59:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Elson Barbosa da Silva Junior.pdf: 1890259 bytes, checksum: 16078598a033a11572fd35aadc93d40b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T19:59:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Elson Barbosa da Silva Junior.pdf: 1890259 bytes, checksum: 16078598a033a11572fd35aadc93d40b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24 / CAPES / The planting of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is growing in the Midwest of Brazil, which is characterized by a technified agriculture, with an average yield of 1000 kg ha-?. New technologies of inoculation as carriers and the agricultural practice of pre inoculation are presented as alternative to current technologies. Thus the objective of this study was to evaluate technologies for cowpea inoculation in the Midwest region of Brazil. The quality of the polymeric IPC 2.2 inoculant was evaluated for the cells survival at 180 days of storage and the ability to maintain viable cells after five weeks of inoculation. The agronomic performance of the polymeric inoculant and the pre inoculation were compared with technologies already recommended, in three different experiments with the same cultivate (BRS Guariba) in areas of Embrapa Agrobiologia (Serop?dica-RJ), Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Sinop-MT) and in the New Horizon farm ? Seeds Tomazetti (Primavera do Leste, MT). The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation was quantified by 15N natural abundance delta (?) in the two experiments in Mato Grosso State. In the experiment at Embrapa Agrobiologia the polymeric inoculant IPC 2.2 was compared with peat and liquid carriers, plus nitrogen treatments with 50 and 80 kg N ha-? and the absolute treatment. In the experiment at Embrapa Agrossilvopastoril the treatments were pre inoculated with polymeric inoculant IPC 2.2 and peat carrier, with 0, 1, 2 and 5 weeks before planting for both inoculants plus addition of nitrogen (70 kg N ha-?), and the absolute treatment. The assay at the New Horizon farm was in a central pivot area of 60 ha with the strains: BR3267 in the polymeric and liquid carriers; BR3262 in polymeric; and a consortium of four recommended strains (BR3267, BR3262, and BR3301 BR3302) in the polymeric carrier. The polymer showed inoculant cell concentration higher than 109 cells per gram after 180 days, and in the field experiment the formulation IPC 2.2 provided yield above the reference treatment and equal to the N treatment, and the peat and liquid carriers. The pre-inoculation with the polymeric blend with five weeks had the highest nodule dry mass, however it did not differ from the N control and the absolute, and the treatments did not differ for the productivity. In the essay at the Novo Horizonte farm the inoculation with the consortium of four strains had the highest nodule dry mass, and it differed from the BR3267 in liquid carrier and the BR3262. The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation did not exceed 50%, and the highest averages were obtained with 48% and 39% of N originated from biological fixation, respectively in the pre inoculation essay (14 days in the peat carrier), and with the BR3262 at the New Horizon farm with the polymeric carrier. Thus, it is concluded that the polymer inoculant might be recommended for the traditional form inoculation of the cowpea crop, and inoculation should be a common practice, since it was proven that with the no inoculated seeds there was no biological nitrogen fixation. / O plantio de feij?o-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] vem crescendo no Centro-Oeste do Brasil, que se caracteriza por uma agricultura tecnificada, com m?dia de produtividade de 1000 kg ha-?. Novas tecnologias de inocula??o, como ve?culos e uma pr?tica agr?cola de pr? inocula??o apresentam-se como alternativa as tecnologias atuais. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar tecnologias de inocula??o de feij?o-caupi na regi?o Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Foi avaliada a qualidade do inoculante polim?rico IPC 2.2, quanto ? sobreviv?ncia de c?lulas aos 180 dias de armazenamento e quanto ? capacidade de manter c?lulas vi?veis ap?s cinco semanas de inocula??o. O desempenho agron?mico do inoculante polim?rico e da pr? inocula??o foi comparado com as tecnologias j? recomendadas em tr?s experimentos distintos com a mesma cultivar BRS Guariba nas ?reas da Embrapa Agrobiologia (Serop?dica-RJ), Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril (Sinop-MT) e na fazenda Novo Horizonte- Sementes Tomazetti ( Primavera do Leste-MT). Foi quantificada a contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio pela abund?ncia natural do delta 15N (?) nos dois experimentos no Mato Grosso. No experimento na Embrapa Agrobiologia o inoculante polim?rico IPC 2.2 foi comparado com os ve?culos turfoso e l?quido, mais os tratamentos nitrogenados com 50 e 80 kg N ha-? e o absoluto. No experimento na Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril os tratamentos foram pr? inoculados com inoculante polim?rico IPC 2.2 e turfoso com 0, 1, 2 e 5 semanas antes do plantio para ambos inoculantes, mais o tratamento nitrogenado (70 kg N ha-?) e o absoluto. O ensaio na fazenda Novo Horizonte foi em ?rea de piv? central de 60 ha, com as estirpes: BR3267 em ve?culo polim?rico e l?quido; BR3262 em ve?culo polim?rico; e o cons?rcio das quatro estirpes recomendadas (BR3267, BR3262, BR3301 e BR3302) em ve?culo polim?rico. A formula??o IPC 2.2 manteve concentra??o de c?lulas superior a 109 c?lulas por grama ap?s 180 dias e no campo ela proporcionou uma produtividade superior ao tratamento absoluto e igual a dos tratamentos nitrogenados, ve?culos turfoso e l?quido. A pr?-inocula??o com a mistura polim?rica com cinco semanas obteve a maior massa de n?dulos secos, por?m n?o diferiu do controle nitrogenado e absoluto, assim como na produtividade os tratamentos n?o diferiram entre si. No ensaio na fazenda Novo Horizonte a inocula??o com o cons?rcio das quatro estirpes obteve a maior massa de n?dulos secos e diferiu da BR3267 em ve?culo l?quido e da BR3262. A contribui??o da fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio n?o ultrapassou os 50%, obtidas as maiores m?dias com 48% e 39% do N oriundo da fixa??o biol?gica respectivamente nos ensaios de pr?-inocula??o (14 dias no ve?culo turfa) e com a BR3262, na fazenda Novo Horizonte e em ve?culo polim?rico. Assim, se conclui que o inoculante polim?rico pode ser recomendado para inocula??o tradicional do feij?o caupi e que a inocula??o da cultura deve ser uma pr?tica corriqueira, uma vez que foi comprovado que com sementes n?o inoculadas n?o houve fixa??o biol?gica de nitrog?nio.

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