Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-22T13:24:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-22T13:24:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2014-12-22T13:25:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-22T13:25:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 francisco_vagner_pereira_souza.pdf: 674862 bytes, checksum: 5251dbf5de1a09da84fe52f02a2a8224 (MD5) license_rdf: 21954 bytes, checksum: 8197f94386c8c9a9e551d5deb1b86632 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento, teores, ac?mulo e disponibilidade de n?quel em cinco gram?neas forrageiras. Os experimentos foram instalados em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o do Departamento de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina-MG, Brasil. Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu foram crescidas em solu??o nutritiva e em solo e adicionadas de 0, 20, 40, e 100 mg L-1 e 0, 20, 40 e 120 mg kg-1 de cloreto de n?quel, constituindo ensaios independentes em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizados com quatro repeti??es. O per?odo experimental foi de 90 dias. Determinou-se a massa seca e os teores de Ni na parte a?rea, coleto e ra?zes das gram?neas forrageiras. Os conte?dos de Ni foram calculados com base nos teores e nas produ??es de massa seca em cada parte da planta. O teor de n?quel no solo foi determinado pelos extratores Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7,3, teor semitotal - USEPA 3051 e teor total - USEPA 3052. O crescimento das gram?neas forrageiras reduziu linearmente em solu??o nutritiva com a adi??o de n?quel, mas no solo aumentou at? a dose de 40 mg kg-1. Apesar da fitotoxidade do Ni, as plantas responderam positivamente quando o metal foi aplicado em baixas doses no solo. A suscetibilidade ao Ni foi diferenciada para os experimentos, devido ?s variadas intera??es que ocorrem no sistema solo-planta. O teor de Ni nas gram?neas forrageiras aumentou em fun??o das doses crescentes de Ni nos diferentes experimentos. Os m?todos de extra??o analisados na aferi??o do Ni no solo apresentaram boa correla??o com os teores de Ni encontrados nas plantas, sendo o DTPA mais eficiente. As gram?neas forrageiras avaliadas nestes experimentos n?o podem ser consideradas acumuladoras de Ni. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2014. / The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, concentrations, accumulation and availability of nickel in five forage grasses. The experiments were conducted under conditions of a greenhouse of the Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina Minas Gerais, Brazil. Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu were grown in nutrient solution and in soil and added 0, 20, 40, and 100 mg L-1 and 0, 20, 40 and 120 mg kg-1 of nickel chloride, constituting separate trials in a completely randomized experimental design with four replications. The experimental period was 90 days. Dry weight and the concentrations of Ni in shoots, stems base and roots of forage grasses were determined. The contents of Ni were calculated based on the amounts and in the production of dry matter in each plant. The nickel concentration in the soil was determined by Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7.3, semitotal content - USEPA 3051 and total content - USEPA 3052. The growth in forage grasses in nutrient solution linearly decreased with the addition of nickel, but in the soil increased up to 40 mg kg-1. The susceptibility to Ni was different for the experiments, due to the variety of interactions that occur in the soil-plant system. The Ni concentration in forage grasses increased as a function of increasing levels of Ni in the different experiments. The extraction methods analyzed in the measurement of Ni in soil correlated well with the Ni concentration found in plants, with the most efficient DTPA. The forage grasses evaluated in these experiments cannot be considered accumulative Ni.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2016-10-04T21:35:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Andr? Fern?o Martins de Andrade.pdf: 4307696 bytes, checksum: d679370ce9902b97ed91c98436c9103a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T21:35:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Andr? Fern?o Martins de Andrade.pdf: 4307696 bytes, checksum: d679370ce9902b97ed91c98436c9103a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / UNIFOA / This study begun with a field survey in a one hectare area of petroleum drill waste (rocks and mud came from perforation) in Santa Maria do Oeste, in Paran? state, Brazil. It was verified different levels of metal contamination in the area, according to the surface position and with depth, with barium and lead over the investigation standard according to legislation. The highest level contaminated material was collected and used in a laboratory and greenhouse experiment at the campus of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, initiated on December, 2007, and completed on June, 2010. The objective was to evaluate the efficiency of remediation by washing contaminated soil (in situ and ex-situ) as well as phytoremediation. The waste washing ex-situ was simulated such as the contaminant would be removed from soil using a rotating device, with soil mixed with an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution in the proportion of 1:10. Removal of lead and calcium increased proportionally to concentration of extractor (from 100 to 1500 mmol L-1). Removal of barium increased considerably above 600 mmol L-1. Iron and manganese showed little influence by different concentration of extractor. The soil washing in-situ was simulated by addition of two solutions of EDTA, with concentration of 150 and 300 mmol L-1, and the control (water). The material was incubated in plastic columns, for three weeks, after that volumes of 100 mL of deionized water were added weekly for three weeks, and after that samples were taken daily up to a total of ten. The leached was collected and the barium and lead content were analyzed, also other metals that could interfere with the extraction. The fractions (exchangeable, iron bound, organic matter bound, and residual) that metals were associates in the waste, before and after washing, were also determined. It was found, in the higher EDTA concentration, a small extraction of barium, while lead had about 20% of the total in soil extracted. The phytoremediation was carry on with two species, Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, an herbaceous plant, and Cordia africana, an arboreal. The plants growing up in vases with 4 kg of substratum were irrigated with deionized water and Hoagland nutrient solution (25% of ionic power). Two treatments were used in the phytoextraction induced with EDTA, in the concentration of 6 mmol L-1 (with one single application, and 3 dosages of 2 mmol L-1), plus the control. After 150 days for Brachiaria and 270 days for Cordia, the plants were collected, and analyzed (root and shoots) for heavy metal content. EDTA was effective to induce metal absorption, except for barium and calcium, where lead concentrated in the roots and barium in leaves (with highest concentration for EDTA applied in one dose). For Cordia, barium distributed equally in the plant sections, and lead concentrated in the roots. / Este trabalho iniciou-se com levantamento de campo na ?rea de despejo do res?duo de perfura??o de po?o de prospec??o de petr?leo (cascalhos e fluidos da broca) em Santa Maria do Oeste, Estado do Paran?, que possui ?rea aproximada de um hectare. Constatou-se que a ?rea apresentava diferentes n?veis de contamina??o de metais, estando, de acordo com sua posi??o no plano e em profundidade, com n?veis de b?rio e o chumbo na faixa de investiga??o, conforme norma legal. O material com maior n?vel de contamina??o foi coletado e utilizado em experimento de laborat?rio e casa de vegeta??o no campus da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, a partir do m?s de dezembro de 2007 e finalizado em junho de 2010. Objetivou-se avaliar a efici?ncia da remedia??o atrav?s da lavagem do solo contaminado (in situ e ex-situ) bem como da sua fitorremedia??o. A lavagem do res?duo ex-situ foi simulada como aquela em que o contaminante seria removido do solo em um reator rotativo, onde o solo seria misturado em batelada a solu??o de EDTA na propor??o 1:10. A remo??o de chumbo e c?lcio aumentou com o aumento da concentra??o do extrator (de 100 a 1500 mmol L-1). A remo??o do b?rio aumentou consideravelmente acima de 600 mmol L-1; ferro e mangan?s foram pouco influenciados pelas diferentes concentra??es. A lavagem do solo in situ foi feita com adi??o de duas solu??es de ?cido etilenodiamino tetra-ac?tico diss?dico (Na2EDTA), de concentra??es 150 e 300 mol L-1, al?m da testemunha (?gua), em colunas est?ticas que, ap?s um per?odo de tr?s semanas de incuba??o, receberam 100 mL de ?gua deionizada a cada semana por tr?s semanas e, depois, uma coleta por dia at? perfazer 10 coletas. Os lixiviados foram coletados e analisados os teores dos contaminantes b?rio e chumbo, al?m de outros metais interferentes com a extra??o. Determinou-se, ainda, as diversas fra??es (troc?vel, ligada a ?xidos, ligada ? mat?ria org?nica e residual) em que esses metais se encontravam no res?duo antes e ap?s a lavagem. Foi verificada, na maior concentra??o de EDTA, extra??o insignificante de b?rio, enquanto o chumbo teve extra?do cerca de 20% do seu total no solo. A fitorremedia??o deu-se por meio do uso de duas esp?cies, uma herb?cea (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) e outra lenhosa (Cordia africana). As plantas se desenvolveram em vasos com 4 kg de substrato, recebendo fertirriga??o (solu??o de Hoagland a 25% de for?a i?nica). Foram usados dois tratamentos na fitoextra??o induzida com EDTA, na concentra??o de 6 mmol L-1 em duas formas de aplica??o (3 aplica??es de 2 mmol.L-1 e uma de 6 mmol L-1) e a testemunha. Ap?s per?odo de desenvolvimento de 150 dias para a braqui?ria e de 270 dias para a c?rdia, as plantas foram coletadas tendo suas ra?zes e a parte a?rea analisada quanto ao conte?do de metais. Na braqui?ria, o EDTA foi efetivo na indu??o da absor??o dos metais com exce??o do b?rio e do c?lcio, tendo o chumbo se concentrado nas ra?zes e o b?rio nas folhas (com maior concentra??o no tratamento de aplica??o ?nica de EDTA). Na c?rdia, o b?rio distribuiu-se igualmente entre as partes analisadas e o chumbo se concentrou nas ra?zes.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:35Z No. of bitstreams: 5 40.pdf: 671743 bytes, checksum: 01827bc0544b1bc747825b4da796144b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T16:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 40.pdf: 671743 bytes, checksum: 01827bc0544b1bc747825b4da796144b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T16:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 40.pdf: 671743 bytes, checksum: 01827bc0544b1bc747825b4da796144b (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Esse trabalho foi desenvolvido com os objetivos de avaliar a toler?ncia de gram?neas forrageiras e a absor??o, ac?mulo e disponibilidade no solo de c?dmio (Cd). Os experimentos foram instalados em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o do Departamento de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina (MG). As forrageiras estudadas foram: Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia e Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu e as doses de Cd foram 0, 5, 10 e 20 mg L-1 de solu??o nutritiva e 0, 2, 4 e 12 mg kg-1 de solo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeti??es, sendo o per?odo experimental de 90 dias, em ambos os experimentos. Determinou-se a massa seca e os teores de Cd na parte a?rea, colmo e ra?zes das forrageiras. Os conte?dos de Cd foram calculados com base nos teores e nas produ??es de massa seca em cada parte da planta. No caso do experimento em solo, para avalia??o do teor de Cd foram utilizados os extratores Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7,3, teor semitotal - USEPA 3051 e teor total - USEPA 3052. O crescimento relativo das forrageiras foi reduzido pelas doses de Cd, tanto na solu??o nutritiva quanto no solo, configurando a fitotoxidade do Cd nessas plantas. Por?m a sequ?ncia de suscetibilidade foi diferenciada para os experimentos, sendo a ordem decrescente de suscetibilidade na solu??o nutritiva a seguinte: Aruana > Tanz?nia > Xara?s > Basilisk > Marandu, enquanto no solo a sequ?ncia foi: Marandu > Xara?s > Aruana > Tanz?nia > Basilisk. Essa diferen?a de suscetibilidade ? atribu?da ?s diferentes intera??es das forrageiras com o solo. Em ambos os experimentos o teor de Cd nas forrageiras aumentou em fun??o das doses Cd. Por?m a presen?a de Cd na solu??o nutritiva fez com que o ac?mulo e ?ndice de transloca??o apresentassem resposta diferenciada para as forrageiras. Os extratores Mehlich-1 e DTPA foram eficientes para expressar o crescimento da planta. De toda forma, as forrageiras foram incapazes de limitar a absor??o e transloca??o de Cd, acarretando em toxicidade e redu??o de crescimento e altos teores de Cd em todas as partes da planta, n?o proporcionando barreira ? entrada do Cd na cadeia alimentar. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT This work was carried out in order to evaluate the forage grasses tolerance and the absorption, accumulation and bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) on soil. The experiments were settled under conditions of greenhouse on the Department of Agronomy of the College of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina (MG), Brazil. The forages grasses evaluated were: Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and cv. Tanz?nia and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s and cv. Marandu and the four doses of Cd were: 0, 5, 10, and 20 mg l-1 and the nutrients in solution 0, 2, 4 and 12 mg kg-1 for soil, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, and the trial period of 90 days, in both experiments. The dry weight and concentration of Cd in shoots, stems and roots of forages were determined. The Cd content had been calculated based on the dry matter yield and content in each part of the plant. In the soil experiment, to measure the levels of Cd, there had been used the extractors Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7.3, semi total content - USEPA 3051 and total content - USEPA 3052. The relative growth of the forage grasses was reduced with doses of Cd applied, both in the nutrient solution and on the soil, setting the phytotoxicity of Cd in these plants. However the sequence of susceptibility was different t tohe experiments, the decreasing order of susceptibility in the nutrient solution was: Aruana> Tanzania> Xara?s> Basilisk > Marandu, while in soil the sequence was: Marandu> Xara?s> Aruana> Tanzania> Basilisk. This difference in susceptibility is attributed to the different interactions of forage with soil. In both experiments (soil and nutrient solution) the Cd content in the forage increased due of increasing doses of Cd. Nevertheless the presence of Cd in the nutritive solution has made the accumulation and translocation index differently for the forages. Mehlich-1 and DTPA showed high positive correlation with relative growth of forages. The forages were unable to limit the absorption and translocation of Cd, resulting in toxicity and declining growth and high levels of Cd in all parts of the plant, providing no barrier to entry of Cd into the food chain.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T13:30:37Z No. of bitstreams: 5 62.pdf: 876239 bytes, checksum: 8956f78b3fdb90e76e402bae0772e928 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-27T19:42:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 62.pdf: 876239 bytes, checksum: 8956f78b3fdb90e76e402bae0772e928 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-27T19:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 62.pdf: 876239 bytes, checksum: 8956f78b3fdb90e76e402bae0772e928 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (Capes) / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / A fitorremedia??o, que ? um processo de extra??o de elementos potencialmente t?xicos atrav?s da utiliza??o de plantas, tem se mostrado um m?todo promissor. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar em gram?neas forrageiras a absor??o, o ac?mulo e a toler?ncia ao chumbo (Pb), cultivadas em solo Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico e solu??o nutritiva, e avaliar a disponibilidade de Pb pelos m?todos de extra??o Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3, USEPA 3051 e 3052 nas amostras de solos. Instalaram-se os experimentos em condi??es de casa de vegeta??o do Departamento de Agronomia da Faculdade de Ci?ncias Agr?rias da UFVJM, Diamantina (MG). Foram avaliadas as forrageiras: Panicum maximum cv. Aruana e cv. Tanz?nia; Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk; Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s e cv. Marandu, e doses de Pb em solu??o nutritiva de 0, 40, 120, e 360 mg L-1 e em solo de 0, 45, 90 e 270 mg kg-1. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repeti??es e per?odo experimental de 90 dias, em ambos os experimentos. Determinaram-se a massa seca e os teores de Pb na parte a?rea, coleto e ra?zes das forrageiras. Os conte?dos de Pb foram calculados com base nos teores e nas produ??es de massa seca em cada parte da planta. Para aferi??o do teor de Pb no solo foram utilizados os extratores Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3 para teor dispon?vel, teor semitotal - USEPA 3051 e teor total - USEPA 3052. As forrageiras estudadas reduziram o crescimento com aumento das doses de Pb aplicadas, tanto na solu??o nutritiva quanto no solo, configurando a fitotoxidade do Pb nessas plantas. Por?m, a suscetibilidade foi diferenciada entre os experimentos, sendo que, na solu??o nutritiva, as cultivares Marandu e Basilisk foram mais promissoras para a fitorremedia??o, devido a menor influ?ncia do Pb em seus crescimentos relativos, enquanto no solo a cv. Basilisk apresentou maior toler?ncia ao elemento t?xico em rela??o ?s demais forrageiras. Em ambos os experimentos, o teor de Pb nas forrageiras aumentou com as doses crescentes de Pb. Entretanto, a presen?a de Pb nas duas condi??es de cultivo fez com que o ac?mulo e ?ndice de transloca??o nas diferentes partes da planta apresentassem respostas diferenciadas para as forrageiras. N?o houve correla??o entre o crescimento das forrageiras com a avalia??o do Pb no solo pelos m?todos de extra??o Mehlich e DTPA pH 7,3, indicando a inefici?ncia destes quanto a fitodisponibiliza??o do Pb. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2013. / ABSTRACT Phytoremediation, which is a process of extracting potentially toxic elements through the use of plants, has shown to be a promising method. The objective of this project was to evaluate in forage grasses the absorption, accumulation and tolerance to lead (Pb) in dystrophic Red-Yellow Latosol soil and nutrient solution, and to evaluate the availability of Pb through extraction methods Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7.3, USEPA 3051 and 3052 in samples soil. The experiments were settled under conditions of a greenhouse in the Department of Agronomy of the College of Agricultural Sciences of the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, (UFVJM), Diamantina (MG). The forages Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and cv. Tanz?nia and Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xara?s and cv. Marandu and four rates of Pb in nutrient solution of 0, 40, 120, and 360 mg L-1 and in soil of 0, 45, 90 e 270 mg kg-1, have been evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications, and a trial period of 90 days in both experiments. The dry weight and concentration of Pb in the shoot, in the stem base and roots of forages were assessed. The contents of Pb were calculated based on the amounts and on the production of dry mass in each part of the plant. In the case of the soil experiment, to measure the levels of Pb were used Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3 for available content; semi total content - USEPA 3051 and total content - USEPA 3052. The forages studied reduced growth when increasing rates of Pb were applied, both in the nutrient solution and on the soil, setting the phytotoxicity of Pb in these plants. However the susceptibility was different for the experiments, because in the nutrient solution, the Marandu and Basilisk forages proved to be promising for phytoremediation because of the lowering influence of Pb for the last one mentioned and the higher accumulation of metal for the first one, while on the soil the forage Basilisk did better than the other, proving to be more tolerant to the toxic element. In both experiments (soil and nutrient solution) the Pb content in the forage increased due to increasing rates of Pb. However, the presence of Pb in the cultivation conditions has made the accumulation and translocation index in different parts of the plants to respond differently to the forages. There was not correlation between the forage growth with the admeasurement of Pb in soil by extraction methods DTPA pH 7,3 e Mehlich 1, proving the inefficiency of the same for the phytoavailability of Pb.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AnitaML_TESE.pdf: 2153007 bytes, checksum: 4498269ecb21fd44cb7474c6b79c7b7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The development of research that aim to reduce or even eliminate the environmental impacts provided by anthropogenic actions. One of these main action is the discard of industrial waste in the biotic compartments such as soil, water and air, gained more space in academic settings and in private. A technique of phytoremediation involving the use of plants (trees, shrubs, creepers and aquatic) and their associated microorganisms in order to remove, degrade or isolate toxic substances to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the potential for phytoremediation of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), wild crops suitable region of Rio Grande do Norte, to reduce concentrations of lead and toluene present in synthetic wastewater that simulate the characteristics of treated water production originated in the petrochemical Guamar?. The experiment was accomplished in randomized blocks in four replicates. Seeds of BRS Energy for the development of seedlings of castor beans and sunflower for Catissol 01, both provided by EMPARN (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria do Rio Grande do Norte) were used. Lead concentrations tested were 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L called T2, T3 and T4, respectively, for toluene the concentrations used were 125, 256 and 501 μg/L, called T5, T6 and T7, respectively. The data for removal of lead in relation to sewage systems applied in castor bean and sunflower were 43.89 and 51.85% (T2), 73.60 and 73.74% (T3) and 85.66 and 87.80 % (T4), respectively, and toluene were approximately 52.12 and 25.54% (T5), 55.10 and 58.05% (T6) and 79.77 and 74.76% (T7) for castor and sunflower seeds, respectively. From the data obtained, it can be deduce that mechanisms involved in reducing the contaminants were of phytoextraction, in relation to lead and phytodegradation for toluene. However, it can be concluded that the castor bean and sunflower crops can be used in exhaust after-treatment of industrial effluents that have this type of contaminant / O desenvolvimento de pesquisas que visam atenuar ou at? mesmo eliminar os impactos ambientais proporcionados pelas a??es antropog?nicas, sobretudo pelo reflexo direto dos res?duos industriais nos compartimentos bi?ticos como solo, ?gua e ar, ganharam maior espa?o nos ambientes acad?micos e na iniciativa privada. Uma t?cnica de remedia??o natural ? a fitorremedia??o que consiste na utiliza??o de vegetais (?rvores, arbustos, plantas rasteiras e aqu?ticas) e de sua microbiota associada com o fim de remover, degradar ou isolar subst?ncias t?xicas ao ambiente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial fitorremediador da mamona (Ricinus communis L) e girassol (Helianthus annuus L), culturas adaptadas da regi?o agreste do Rio Grande do Norte, quanto ? redu??o das concentra??es de chumbo e tolueno presentes em efluentes sint?ticos que simulam as caracter?sticas da ?gua de produ??o tratada originada no p?lo petroqu?mico de Guamar?. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados em 4 r?plicas. Foram utilizadas sementes da variedade BRS Energia para o desenvolvimento das mudas de mamona e Catissol 01 para o girassol, ambas cedidas pela EMPARN (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria do Rio Grande do Norte). As concentra??es de chumbo testadas foram 250, 500 e 1000 mg/L denominados de T2, T3 e T4, respectivamente, para o tolueno as concentra??es utilizadas foram 125, 256 e 501 μg/L, denominadas de T5, T6 e T7, respectivamente. Os dados obtidos para remo??o de chumbo em rela??o ao efluente aplicado nos sistemas mamona e girassol foram de 43,89 e 51,85 % (T2), 73,60 e 73,74% (T3) e 85,66 e 87,80% (T4), respectivamente, e para o tolueno foram aproximadamente 52,12e 25,54% (T5), 55,10 e 58,05% (T6) e 79,77 e 74,76% (T7), para mamona e girassol, respectivamente. A partir dos dados obtidos pode-se inferir que mecanismos envolvidos na redu??o dos contaminantes foram o da fitoextra??o, com rela??o ao chumbo e fitodegrada??o para o tolueno. Contudo podese concluir que as culturas mamona e girassol podem ser utilizadas em sistemas de p?stratamento de efluentes industriais que apresentem este tipo de contaminante

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielFFM_TESE.pdf: 2565491 bytes, checksum: 91650e117d4deece934978a16f9a23d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This study aimed to analyze the phytoremediation potential of Eichhornia crassipes in natural environments, optimize the extraction process of crude protein from plant tissue and, obtain and characterize this process in order to determine its viability of use instead of the protein sources of animal and/or human feed. For this, it has been determined in Apodi/Mossor? river water the concentration of ammonium ions, nitrite, nitrate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt, sodium, aluminum, c?dmium, lead, and total chromium; It was determined in plant tissue of aquatic macrophytes of Eichhornia crassipes species present in Apodi/Mossor? River the moisture content, ash, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt, sodium, aluminum, cadmium, lead, total chromium, total nitrogen and crude protein. It was also determined the translocation factor and bioaccumulation of all the quantified elements; It was developed and optimized the extraction procedure of crude protein based on the isoelectric method and a factorial design 24 with repetition; It was extracted and characterized the extract obtained by determining the moisture content, ash, magnesium, potassium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, nickel, cobalt, sodium, cadmium, total nitrogen and crude protein. And finally, it was also characterized the protein extract using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG), Derived Thermogravimetric (DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and jelly-like electrophoresis of polyacrylamide (SDS -PAGE) to assess the their molecular weights/mass. Thus, from the results obtained for the translocation and bioaccumulation factors was found that the same can be used as phytoremediation agent in natural environments of all quantified elements. It was also found that the developed method of extraction and protein precipitation was satisfactory for the purpose of the work, which gave the best conditions of extraction and precipitation of proteins as: pH extraction equal to 13.0, extraction temperature equals 60 ? C, reaction time equals to 30 minutes, and pH precipitation equals to 4.0. As for the extract obtained, the total nitrogen and crude protein were quantified higher than those found in the plant, increasing the crude protein content approximately 116.88% in relation to the quantified contente in the vegetal tissue of macrophyte. The levels of nickel and cadmium were the unique that were found below the detection limit of used the equipment. The electrophoretic analysis allowed us to observe that the protein extract obtained is composed of low polypeptide chains by the molecular and phytochelatins, with 6 and 15 kDa bands. Analysis of TG, DTG, DSC and FT-IR showed similarities in protein content of the obtained extracts based on different collection points and 9 parts of the plant under study, as well as commercial soy protein and casein. Finally, based on all these findings, it was concluded that the obtained extract in this work can be used instead of the protein sources of animal feed should, before that, test its digestibility. As human supplementation, it is necessary to conduct more tests associated with the optimization process in the sense of removing undesirable components and constant monitoring of the water body and the raw material used / Este trabalho analisou o potencial fitorremediador da Eichhornia crassipes em ambientes naturais, otimizou o processo de extra??o da prote?na bruta do tecido vegetal e obteve e caracterizou a mesma, determinando sua viabilidade de uso em substitui??o as fontes prot?icas de ra??es animais e/ou humana. Para isso, determinou-se na ?gua do Rio Apodi/Mossor? a concentra??o de ?ons am?nio, nitrito, nitrato, c?lcio, magn?sio, pot?ssio, ferro, cobre, mangan?s, zinco, n?quel, cobalto, s?dio, alum?nio, c?dmio, chumbo e cromo total; Determinou-se no tecido vegetal das macr?fitas aqu?ticas da esp?cie Eichhornia crassipes presentes no Rio Apodi/Mossor? o teor de umidade, cinzas, nitrog?nio total e prote?na bruta e os mesmos metais determinados na ?gua. Calculou-se o fator de transloca??o e bioacumula??o de todos os elementos quantificados; Desenvolveu-se e otimizou-se o procedimento de extra??o da prote?na bruta utilizando como base o m?todo isoel?trico e um planejamento fatorial 24 com repeti??o; Extraiu-se e caracterizou-se o extrato obtido atrav?s da determina??o o teor de umidade, cinzas, nitrog?nio total e prote?na bruta e os mesmos metais determinados na ?gua. E, por fim, caracterizou-se tamb?m o extrato proteico utilizando An?lise Termogravim?trica (TG), Termogravimetria derivada (DTG), Calorimetria Explorat?ria Diferencial (DSC), Espectroscopia de Infravermelho (FT-IR) e Eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) para avaliar as suas massas molares. Desta forma, a partir dos resultados obtidos para os fatores de transloca??o e bioacumula??o constatou-se que a mesma pode ser utilizada como agente fitorremediador em ambientes naturais de todos os elementos quantificados. Constatou-se ainda que o m?todo desenvolvido de extra??o e precipita??o de prote?nas foi satisfat?rio para o objetivo do trabalho, onde obteve-se as melhores condi??es de extra??o e precipita??o das prote?nas como sendo: pH de extra??o igual a 13,0; temperatura de extra??o igual a 60?C; tempo de rea??o igual a 30 minutos; e pH de precipita??o igual a 4,0. Quanto ao extrato obtido, os teores de nitrog?nio total e prote?na bruta quantificados foram superiores aos encontrados na planta, chegando a aumentar o teor de prote?na bruta cerca de 116,88% em rela??o ao teor quantificado no tecido vegetal da macr?fita. Os teores de n?quel e o c?dmio foram os ?nicos que se apresentaram abaixo do limite de detec??o do equipamento utilizado. A an?lise eletrofor?tica permitiu observar que o extrato proteico obtido ? constitu?do de cadeias polipept?dicas de baixo peso molecular e fitoquelatinas, com bandas de 6 e 15 kDa. As an?lises de TG, DTG, DSC e FT-IR permitiram constatar semelhan?as existentes no conte?do proteico dos extratos obtidos a partir de diferentes pontos de coleta e partes da planta em estudo, bem como da prote?na de soja 7 comercial e da case?na. Por fim, com base em todas essas constata??es, conclui-se que o extrato obtido no presente trabalho pode ser utilizado em substitui??o ?s fontes proteicas de ra??es animais devendo, antes disso, ser testado a sua digestibilidade. Quanto a suplementa??o humana, ? preciso a realiza??o de mais testes associados a otimiza??o do processo no sentido de remo??o dos componentes indesej?veis e constante monitoramento do corpo h?drico e da mat?ria-prima utilizada