• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 62
  • 29
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 118
  • 27
  • 25
  • 25
  • 21
  • 19
  • 19
  • 16
  • 16
  • 15
  • 14
  • 13
  • 13
  • 13
  • 12
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Infections in allogeneic stem cell transplanted patients : clinical and immunological aspects /

Sparrelid, Elda, January 1900 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
2

First report of Myroides phaeus bacteraemia identified by Polymerase chain reaction and genetic sequencing

Pérez-Lazo, G., Morales-Moreno, A., Soto-Febres, F., Jove-Químper, H., Morales-Castillo, L., Palomares-Reyes, C., Del Valle-Mendoza, J., Aguilar-Luis, M., Silva-Caso, W. 01 January 2020 (has links)
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / We report the first case of Myroides phaeus isolated from blood, causing bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient using the automated MicroScan Walk Away 96 system, followed by bacterial identification by amplification-sequencing of the 16S rDNA. The sequences obtained were compared with the reference sequence of the BLAST ® platform - National Library of Medicine, USA, and the isolation was identified as Myroides phaeus strain with 99.67 % identity in Blast report. In the literature we did not find previous reported cases of infections by this bacterium, however its pathogenic role is still controversial; therefore, this isolation alerts us to carry out an exhaustive surveillance of other possible acquisition routes. / Revisión por pares
3

Development of a prediction model for bacteremia in hospitalized adults with cellulitis to aid in the efficient use of blood cultures: a retrospective cohort study

Lee, Chun-Yuan, Kunin, Calvin M., Chang, Chung, Lee, Susan Shin-Jung, Chen, Yao-Shen, Tsai, Hung-Chin 19 October 2016 (has links)
Background: Cellulitis is a common infectious disease. Although blood culture is frequently used in the diagnosis and subsequent treatment of cellulitis, it is a contentious diagnostic test. To help clinicians determine which patients should undergo blood culture for the management of cellulitis, a diagnostic scoring system referred to as the Bacteremia Score of Cellulitis was developed. Methods: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed as part of a retrospective cohort study of all adults diagnosed with cellulitis in a tertiary teaching hospital in Taiwan in 2013. Patients who underwent blood culture were used to develop a diagnostic prediction model where the main outcome measures were true bacteremia in cellulitis cases. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was used to demonstrate the predictive power of the model, and bootstrapping was then used to validate the performance. Results: Three hundred fifty one cases with cellulitis who underwent blood culture were enrolled. The overall prevalence of true bacteremia was 33/351 cases (9.4 %). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed optimal diagnostic discrimination for the combination of age >= 65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.5-10.1), involvement of non-lower extremities (OR = 4.0; 95 % CI, 1.5-10.6), liver cirrhosis (OR = 6.8; 95 % CI, 1.8-25.3), and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (OR = 15.2; 95 % CI, 4.8-48.0). These four independent factors were included in the initial formula, and the AUC for this combination of factors was 0.867 (95 % CI, 0.806-0.928). The rounded formula was 1 x (age >= 65 years) + 1.5 x (involvement of non-lower extremities) + 2 x (liver cirrhosis) + 2.5 x (SIRS). The overall prevalence of true bacteremia (9.4 %) in this study could be lowered to 1.0 % (low risk group, score <= 1.5) or raised to 14.7 % (medium risk group, score 2-3.5) and 41.2 % (high risk group, score >= 4.0), depending on different clinical scores. Conclusions: Determining the risk of bacteremia in patients with cellulitis will allow a more efficient use of blood cultures in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. External validation of this preliminary scoring system in future trials is needed to optimize the test.
4

Studies on bacterial respiratory pathogens causing bacteraemia and meningitis in South Africa

Gottberg, Anna Margareta, von 28 March 2014 (has links)
Introduction Analysis of surveillance data on bacterial respiratory pathogens most commonly causing bacteraemia and meningitis may be useful to measure the impact of vaccination, monitor antimicrobial resistance emergence and document changes in disease epidemiology. Materials and methods Active, laboratory-based, national surveillance for invasive Haemophilus influenzae, meningococcal and pneumococcal disease in South Africa was conducted. Isolates, cultured from normally sterile sites, were submitted for phenotypic and genotypic characterisation. Trends are described and univariate and multivariable models were used to assess differences among groups. Results Following the introduction of H. influenzae serotype b conjugate vaccine (HibCV) in 1999, the number of Hib cases reported for infants <1 year decreased by 65%, from 55 cases in 1999-2000 to 19 cases in 2003-2004. Despite high HibCV coverage, rates of Hib disease in children <5 years then increased from 0.7 per 100,000 population in 2003 to 1.3/100,000 in 2009. Among 263 Hib episodes, 135 (51%) were classified as vaccine failures and 53% of these occurred among children who were not HIV infected. An investigation of meningococcal disease in Gauteng, revealed rates of disease which increased from 0.8/100,000 in 2000 to 4.0/100,000 in 2005; the percentage due to serogroup W135 increased during this time from 7% (4/54) of cases to 75% (221/295). Overall case-fatality ratios doubled from 11% in 2003 to 22% in 2005. Our investigations revealed that the expansion of the Hajj clone explained the emergence of serogroup W135 during this time, as 95% of W135 isolates (285/301) were identified as one clone by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and seven representative strains belonged to the ST-11/ET-37 complex. Among invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) cases, 12 levofloxacin-non-susceptible pneumococci were identified in children <15 years, and were found to be associated with a history of tuberculosis (TB) treatment and nosocomial IPD in two treatment centres for multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB). From 2003 through 2008, prior to pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) introduction, among IPD cases in children <5 years, 58% (3849/6668), 65% (4314/6668), and 85% (5669/6668) of cases and 61% (455/751), 64% (482/751), 82% (616/751) of deaths were due to serotypes included in 7-valent PCV (PCV-7), PCV-10 and PCV-13, respectively. PCV-13 had significantly higher coverage for isolates from blood culture than for isolates from cerebrospinal fluid: 3882/4531 (86%) vs. 1670/2009 (83%), p=0.009, but only differed by 3%. An analysis of risk factors revealed the relative risk of IPD was 21-fold (95% CI, 19–24) and 34-fold (29–41) greater in HIV-infected compared to HIV-uninfected children in the <1 year and 1–4-year-old age groups, respectively. Discussion and conclusions After initial reductions in Hib disease, vaccine failures, occurring in both HIV-infected and -uninfected children, comprised half of the rise in Hib disease detected 10 years after national introduction of Hib vaccine, given as three doses without a booster. These data contributed to the decision to add a booster dose of Hib vaccine in South Africa in 2009. Continued surveillance of meningococcal serogroup W135 revealed evidence that this serogroup had become endemic in Gauteng causing more severe disease than the previous predominant serogroup A strain. Paediatric fluoroquinolone use for MDR TB led to the emergence and nosocomial spread of levofloxacin-non-susceptible pneumococci. Existing pneumococcal vaccine formulations have the potential to prevent most cases and deaths from IPD among HIV-infected and -uninfected children in South Africa. Surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis may provide representative data for monitoring the impact of PCV.
5

Characterization of 2 novel clostridium species isolated from patients with bacteremia

Yiu, Pik-yu. January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (M.Med.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Also available in print.
6

Eficácia da polimixina B no tratamento de bacteremias por pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kvitko, Carlos Henrique Cezimbra January 2010 (has links)
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um dos principais agentes etiológicos de infecções nosocomiais em todo o mundo. A resistência aos antimicrobianos é um problema crescente na prática clínica, particularmente, com P. aeruginosa, devido a múltiplos mecanismos de resistência intrínseca e extrínseca. Como há uma escassez de novos antibióticos para o tratamento de bacilos Gram-negativos, particularmente com ação anti-Pseudomonas, houve a necessidade de resgatar antigos antibióticos, como as polimixinas. Não existem ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando a eficácia das polimixinas contra as bactérias multirresistentes. Estes sugerem que as polimixinas tenham eficácia aceitável, porém há limitações que impedem de chegar a uma conclusão definitiva, como a co-administração de outros antibióticos e a falta de um grupo controle. Existem alguns estudos comparativos com colistina (polimixina E) e outros antibióticos. Apenas um estudo comparou ambas polimixinas (B e E) com outros antimicrobianos para o tratamento de diversas infecções causadas por Acinetobacter baumannii. As bacteremias são infecções graves com alta mortalidade e vários estudos já demonstraram que quando são causadas por P. aeruginosa a morbi-mortalidade é bastante importante. Neste estudo comparamos a eficácia da polimixina B endovenosa com outros antibióticos para o tratamento de bacteremia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Um total de 255 pacientes tiveram pelo menos um episódio de bacteremia, mas apenas 133 pacientes puderam ser incluídos no estudo. Vários pacientes foram excluídos porque foram ao óbito em menos de 48 horas após a coleta das hemoculturas ou receberam menos que 48 horas de tratamento. Pode-se certamente deduzir daí a gravidade deste tipo de infecção. Este estudo é o primeiro acessando a eficácia da polimixina B contra antibióticos comparadores e o primeiro a acessar apenas infecções bacterêmicas. Os pacientes tratados com polimixina B começaram tratamento apropriado mais tarde que o grupo comparador, mas esta variável não foi estatisticamente significativa. Nós também demonstramos que a terapia com polimixina B foi associada a uma maior incidência de toxicidade renal do que os antibióticos comparados (11/45, 24,4% versus 4/88, 4,5%) assim como foi mostrado num recente estudo de coorte comparativo e sugerido em outros estudos anteriores. Nosso estudo mostrou que o tratamento da bacteremia por P. aeruginosa com polimixina B tem menor eficácia, demonstrado por apresentar maior mortalidade hospitalar, comparado com outros antibióticos, 66,7% (30/45) e 28,4% (25/88), respectivamente. O risco de mortalidade hospitalar foi quase o dobro para os pacientes tratados com polimixina B. Embora não demonstrado no nosso estudo, a optimização da dosagem da polimixina B poderia diminuir este efeito prejudicial.
7

Eficácia da polimixina B no tratamento de bacteremias por pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kvitko, Carlos Henrique Cezimbra January 2010 (has links)
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um dos principais agentes etiológicos de infecções nosocomiais em todo o mundo. A resistência aos antimicrobianos é um problema crescente na prática clínica, particularmente, com P. aeruginosa, devido a múltiplos mecanismos de resistência intrínseca e extrínseca. Como há uma escassez de novos antibióticos para o tratamento de bacilos Gram-negativos, particularmente com ação anti-Pseudomonas, houve a necessidade de resgatar antigos antibióticos, como as polimixinas. Não existem ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando a eficácia das polimixinas contra as bactérias multirresistentes. Estes sugerem que as polimixinas tenham eficácia aceitável, porém há limitações que impedem de chegar a uma conclusão definitiva, como a co-administração de outros antibióticos e a falta de um grupo controle. Existem alguns estudos comparativos com colistina (polimixina E) e outros antibióticos. Apenas um estudo comparou ambas polimixinas (B e E) com outros antimicrobianos para o tratamento de diversas infecções causadas por Acinetobacter baumannii. As bacteremias são infecções graves com alta mortalidade e vários estudos já demonstraram que quando são causadas por P. aeruginosa a morbi-mortalidade é bastante importante. Neste estudo comparamos a eficácia da polimixina B endovenosa com outros antibióticos para o tratamento de bacteremia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Um total de 255 pacientes tiveram pelo menos um episódio de bacteremia, mas apenas 133 pacientes puderam ser incluídos no estudo. Vários pacientes foram excluídos porque foram ao óbito em menos de 48 horas após a coleta das hemoculturas ou receberam menos que 48 horas de tratamento. Pode-se certamente deduzir daí a gravidade deste tipo de infecção. Este estudo é o primeiro acessando a eficácia da polimixina B contra antibióticos comparadores e o primeiro a acessar apenas infecções bacterêmicas. Os pacientes tratados com polimixina B começaram tratamento apropriado mais tarde que o grupo comparador, mas esta variável não foi estatisticamente significativa. Nós também demonstramos que a terapia com polimixina B foi associada a uma maior incidência de toxicidade renal do que os antibióticos comparados (11/45, 24,4% versus 4/88, 4,5%) assim como foi mostrado num recente estudo de coorte comparativo e sugerido em outros estudos anteriores. Nosso estudo mostrou que o tratamento da bacteremia por P. aeruginosa com polimixina B tem menor eficácia, demonstrado por apresentar maior mortalidade hospitalar, comparado com outros antibióticos, 66,7% (30/45) e 28,4% (25/88), respectivamente. O risco de mortalidade hospitalar foi quase o dobro para os pacientes tratados com polimixina B. Embora não demonstrado no nosso estudo, a optimização da dosagem da polimixina B poderia diminuir este efeito prejudicial.
8

Eficácia da polimixina B no tratamento de bacteremias por pseudomonas aeruginosa

Kvitko, Carlos Henrique Cezimbra January 2010 (has links)
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa é um dos principais agentes etiológicos de infecções nosocomiais em todo o mundo. A resistência aos antimicrobianos é um problema crescente na prática clínica, particularmente, com P. aeruginosa, devido a múltiplos mecanismos de resistência intrínseca e extrínseca. Como há uma escassez de novos antibióticos para o tratamento de bacilos Gram-negativos, particularmente com ação anti-Pseudomonas, houve a necessidade de resgatar antigos antibióticos, como as polimixinas. Não existem ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando a eficácia das polimixinas contra as bactérias multirresistentes. Estes sugerem que as polimixinas tenham eficácia aceitável, porém há limitações que impedem de chegar a uma conclusão definitiva, como a co-administração de outros antibióticos e a falta de um grupo controle. Existem alguns estudos comparativos com colistina (polimixina E) e outros antibióticos. Apenas um estudo comparou ambas polimixinas (B e E) com outros antimicrobianos para o tratamento de diversas infecções causadas por Acinetobacter baumannii. As bacteremias são infecções graves com alta mortalidade e vários estudos já demonstraram que quando são causadas por P. aeruginosa a morbi-mortalidade é bastante importante. Neste estudo comparamos a eficácia da polimixina B endovenosa com outros antibióticos para o tratamento de bacteremia por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Um total de 255 pacientes tiveram pelo menos um episódio de bacteremia, mas apenas 133 pacientes puderam ser incluídos no estudo. Vários pacientes foram excluídos porque foram ao óbito em menos de 48 horas após a coleta das hemoculturas ou receberam menos que 48 horas de tratamento. Pode-se certamente deduzir daí a gravidade deste tipo de infecção. Este estudo é o primeiro acessando a eficácia da polimixina B contra antibióticos comparadores e o primeiro a acessar apenas infecções bacterêmicas. Os pacientes tratados com polimixina B começaram tratamento apropriado mais tarde que o grupo comparador, mas esta variável não foi estatisticamente significativa. Nós também demonstramos que a terapia com polimixina B foi associada a uma maior incidência de toxicidade renal do que os antibióticos comparados (11/45, 24,4% versus 4/88, 4,5%) assim como foi mostrado num recente estudo de coorte comparativo e sugerido em outros estudos anteriores. Nosso estudo mostrou que o tratamento da bacteremia por P. aeruginosa com polimixina B tem menor eficácia, demonstrado por apresentar maior mortalidade hospitalar, comparado com outros antibióticos, 66,7% (30/45) e 28,4% (25/88), respectivamente. O risco de mortalidade hospitalar foi quase o dobro para os pacientes tratados com polimixina B. Embora não demonstrado no nosso estudo, a optimização da dosagem da polimixina B poderia diminuir este efeito prejudicial.
9

Penicillin Use and Duration of Bacteremia, Length of Stay, and 30-day Readmission in Hospitalized Patients with Penicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus

Has, Phinnara J 07 November 2014 (has links)
Staphylococcus aureus is the most common bacterial pathogen in hospitalized patients, and is a leading cause of bacteremia. Current guidelines recommend when the etiology of infection is known or suspected, the antimicrobial most cost-effective, least toxic, and most narrow in spectrum be used. To evaluate treatment of PSSA bacteremia with penicillin versus other antibiotics, a retrospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary care center in Western Massachusetts using data collected from 2003 to 2013. One-hundred and eight patients with PSSA bacteremia were included. The primary exposure was defined as treatment with penicillin within 3 days of the first positive culture. The primary outcome was duration of bacteremia, with length of hospital stay and 30-day readmission as secondary outcomes. Data were abstracted from administrative databases and medical records, and multivariable and propensity-score-adjusted analyses were conducted. Overall, there was no difference in duration of bacteremia according to treatment (p=0.77), and a non-significant 25% increase in length of stay post-culture was observed in patients not receiving penicillin (p=0.34). Propensity-score-adjusted analyses also did not yield significant differences in clinical outcomes. The results of this study suggest no significant associations between treatment with penicillin versus other antibiotics and clinical outcomes. Given the low cost and decreased risk of developing multidrug-resistant bacteria, PSSA bacteremia should be treated preferentially with penicillin. However, given the small sample size, and the potentially wide range of antibiotics used in place of penicillin, caution should be exercised in interpreting these results. Larger multi-site studies are needed to address these associations.
10

Pantoea agglomerans bacteremia: A rare case of spontaneous human infection by a plant pathogen in an immunocompromised host.

Panta, Utsab R, Joslyn, James A, Shah, Rupal D 05 April 2018 (has links)
Introduction: Pantoea agglomerans is a Gram negative ubiquitous bacteria commonly isolated from plant surfaces, seeds, fruits and animal/human feces usually introduced to human by ingestion of infected fruits/vegetables, thorn pricks and gastrointestinal translocation in lack of stomach acidity. However, the pathogen can also cause opportunistic human infection especially when the immune system is impaired. The aim of this case report is to investigate clinical features in a patient with P. agglomerans bacteremia and bring attention the opportunistic infection by this rare bacteria. Case presentation: We present a case of 57 year old caucasian lady with past medical history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Atrial fibrillation, Immunoglobulin (IgG) deficiency, recurrent pneumonia, urine infection, oral/vaginal candidiasis, Gastro-esophageal reflux disease who presents with one week history of increased shortness of breath, chest tightness and productive cough without fever/chills. She also had high INR of 4.7 (target 2-3) despite taking normal dose of warfarin. She denies plant exposure. Her vitals were stable, saturation maintained with oxygen supplementation. Chest exam revealed very poor air entry bilaterally suggesting exacerbation of COPD. Oral thrush was present. Recent IgG level within last 6 months was low. Blood culture grew Pantoea agglomerans, pan-sensitive to most of the antibiotics. Chest X ray, CT scan abdomen and urine studies could not localize the source of infection. She was treated with Ceftriaxone, INR normalized to therapeutic range and she improved to baseline after 10 days of treatment. Discussion and conclusion: P. agglomerans is a rare cause of bacteremia which usually presents as fever, chills and general toxicity, however could also present as a cause of exacerbation of chronic diseases. Spontaneous infection can occur in a immunocompromised host, however the pathogen is of low virulence. The link between upper GI symptoms along with antacid receipt and spontaneous P. agglomerans infection could be possible, however needs further study. Hence, P. agglomerans should be considered one of the possible cause of spontaneous bacteremia in a immunocompromised host.

Page generated in 0.0862 seconds