A follow-up was done to Leak and Fish's (1989) study of intrinsically and extrinsically religious individuals using Paulhus' (1984) Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, a two factor scale of socially desirable responding measuring self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM). 275 introduction to psychology students were group tested and categorized by gender and by religious orientation with Allport and Ross's (1967) fourfold Religious Orientation Scale (ROS). Differences between the four types were hypothesized on the religious relevance of the SDE and IM scale items. A difference score was also computed by contrasting two instructional sets on the BIDR as a measure of variation across situations. Measures of private and public self-consciousness, social anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, and self esteem were included.

Le Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) (Paulhus, 1984, 1991) est un des questionnaires les plus utilisés pour évaluer la désirabilité sociale. Il est composé de deux échelles de 20 énoncés, soit l'autoduperie, la tendance à se décrire de façon honnête, mais biaisée positivement, et l'hétéroduperie, qui est la tendance à présenter une image favorable de soi à autrui (Paulhus, 1986). Les deux échelles possèdent de bonnes qualités psychométriques, et ce, pour la version francophone (Cournoyer & Sabourin, 1991) et anglophone (Paulhus, 1984, 1991). Les études qui comportent plusieurs questionnaires tendent à produire plus de valeurs manquantes et un taux de refus supérieur que dans les enquêtes où le nombre est moindre (Stanton, Sinar, Balzer, & Smith, 2002). Le besoin d'une version abrégée est donc grand, - surtout pour un questionnaire tel le BIDR qui est utilisé dans le but de supporter la validité discriminante d'autres questionnaires. Le but de la présente recherche consiste à proposer une version abrégée du BIDR qui puisse être utilisée tant en français qu'en anglais. Pour ce faire, une procédure en quatre étapes est utilisée: analyse d'items, analyse factorielle exploratoire, analyse du fonctionnement différentiel d'items (FDI) et analyse factorielle confirmatoire. Un total de 2787 sujets (700 hommes anglophones, 928 femmes anglophones, 567 hommes francophones et 592 femmes francophones) a répondu aux énoncés des deux échelles du BIDR. Cet échantillon provient de quatre études différentes (une francophone et trois anglophones). La version abrégée proposée comporte 21 énoncés dont huit pour l'échelle d'autoduperie et 13 pour l'échelle d'hétéroduperie. Les analyses factorielles confirmatoires montrent que cette version abrégée présente des qualités psychométriques similaires pour les deux langues. Cependant, les coefficients KR-20 de l'échelle d'autoduperie sont légèrement sous le seuil minimal accepté en recherche de 0,60 proposé par Robinson, Shaver et Wrightsman (1991). D'autres recherches sont donc nécessaires afin de reformuler ou remplacer certains énoncés de cette échelle.

Respond bias has always been a risk when it comes to interpreting personality data. For this reason two social desirability measures were created to combat this problem during research and workplace application. The first of these measures is the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale created to measure a need for approval. The second of these measures is Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, which stems from a theory that describes social desirability as both a deception towards others and towards the self. For either of these measures to be usable, however, they need to be reliable and valid. This study then is intended to validate these two instruments in a diverse South African population sample and to look at the reliability of the items in these instruments and their factor structure. The objective of this study was to investigate both of these measures and to determine their psychometric properties and how they compare to the theory in literature. A convenient and purposive sample of N = 359 individuals from across South Africa was contacted via electronic means and asked to partake in this study. A questionnaire survey was forwarded to them with the intention of measuring social desirability. This included both the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) and Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) measure. In addition a demographical questionnaire was included (gender, race, language group and age). The statistical analysis was done via the SPSS program during data examination: descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (with Maximum Likelihood as extraction method), Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and product-moment correlations were conducted. The results of this analysis indicated that although these measures are widely accepted and used internationally, the full version of both the measures is not valid and reliable within this South African sample. Although not all items from the scales could be validated, there were items that indicated very acceptable psychometric properties. Various recommendations were made for the context of using these measures to ascertain an individual’s response bias and for future research. A person attempting to use these measures should only focus on using the reliable items from this study. These items could be applied in developing a shortened version of these measures. It is recommended that further research into these measures could be done by using a traditional paper-and pencil format, a larger sample or by focusing on a specific population group within South Africa. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Respond bias has always been a risk when it comes to interpreting personality data. For this reason two social desirability measures were created to combat this problem during research and workplace application. The first of these measures is the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale created to measure a need for approval. The second of these measures is Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, which stems from a theory that describes social desirability as both a deception towards others and towards the self. For either of these measures to be usable, however, they need to be reliable and valid. This study then is intended to validate these two instruments in a diverse South African population sample and to look at the reliability of the items in these instruments and their factor structure. The objective of this study was to investigate both of these measures and to determine their psychometric properties and how they compare to the theory in literature. A convenient and purposive sample of N = 359 individuals from across South Africa was contacted via electronic means and asked to partake in this study. A questionnaire survey was forwarded to them with the intention of measuring social desirability. This included both the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS) and Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) measure. In addition a demographical questionnaire was included (gender, race, language group and age). The statistical analysis was done via the SPSS program during data examination: descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (with Maximum Likelihood as extraction method), Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and product-moment correlations were conducted. The results of this analysis indicated that although these measures are widely accepted and used internationally, the full version of both the measures is not valid and reliable within this South African sample. Although not all items from the scales could be validated, there were items that indicated very acceptable psychometric properties. Various recommendations were made for the context of using these measures to ascertain an individual’s response bias and for future research. A person attempting to use these measures should only focus on using the reliable items from this study. These items could be applied in developing a shortened version of these measures. It is recommended that further research into these measures could be done by using a traditional paper-and pencil format, a larger sample or by focusing on a specific population group within South Africa. / MCom (Industrial Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

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