Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1956. / Typescript. Abstracted in dissertation abstracts, v. 16 (1956) no. 2, p. 210-211. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T14:24:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 alynne_barbosa_ioc_dout_2015.pdf: 9751676 bytes, checksum: a970243bef36c51de7dd9a763a9a6611 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Balantidium coli é um protozoário parasito de humanos, primatas não humanos e suínos. A balantidiose é considerada uma zoonose negligenciada e quadros graves da doença geram disenteria podendo levar o hospedeiro ao óbito. Neste contexto, foi propôsto estudar a diversidade de isolados de Balantidium sp. de humanos, suínos e primatas não humanos cativos, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Entre 2012 a 2015 foram estudadas 790 amostras fecais de suínos, 1115 de primatas não humanos cativos e 114 dos tratadores desses animais. Participaram do estudo nove granjas de suínos e dois criatórios de símios localizados em diferentes municípios desse estado. O material fecal dos suínos foi obtido diretamente da ampola retal, sendo 88 amostras de propriedades familiares e 702 de granjas industriais. Para os símios optou-se por coletar amostrais fecais dos seus recintos, sendo 960 do Cecal/Fiocruz e 155 do CPRJ/INEA. Foram incluídas nesta pesquisa mais de 30 espécies de primatas do Novo Mundo (NM) e duas do Velho Mundo (VM). Os tratadores desses animais foram convidados a participar do estudo e os que aceitaram, receberam um kit de coleta de fezes. As amostras foram submetidas ao exame direto e as técnicas de Faust et al., Lutz, Sheather e Ritchie modificadas. B. coli foi o parasito que apresentou maior frequência, tanto nas granjas familiares, 71,6%, quanto nas granjas industriais, 46,4% dos suínos. Nos primatas do Cecal, B. coli também foi o mais diagnosticado, 47,6%, sendo principalmente detectado no gênero Macaca, enquanto que a frequência do protozoário no CPRJ foi de 3,8%. Nenhuma forma evolutiva de B. coli foi detectada nas amostras dos tratadores. Cistos do parasito foram mais diagnosticados pelo exame direto, 22,4% e pela técnica de Lutz, 21% O exame direto favoreceu o diagnóstico dessa parasitose, pois também detectou os trofozoítos nas fezes. Amostras que apresentaram no mínimo 10 trofozoítos e/ou 30 cistos de B. coli foram submetidas ao isolamento em meio Pavlova modificado. Foram mantidas 40 cepas do parasito por mais de 30 meses, sendo 30 isoladas de suínos e 10 dos símios Cynomolgus. Foi realizada análise de comportamento cinético nos meios Pavlova, LES e TYSGM9, sob diferentes tempos de incubação em estufa microbiológica. Os trofozoítos apresentavam-se viáveis até 72 horas de incubação nos meios Pavlova modificado e TYSGM-9, sendo que o meio Pavlova mostrou-se mais adequado para a rotina laboratorial devido a seu baixo custo. Cepas em manutenção, assim como mais 34 amostras fecais, que continham cistos do parasito foram submetidas a estudos moleculares a partir da amplificação do fragmento ITS1 \2013 5.8s RNAr \2013 ITS2. O padrão molecular de B. coli foi confirmado em todas as amostras, além de ter sido observado a presença de sequências variantes do tipo A0 em todos os fragmentos analisados. Duas cepas com maior crescimento quantitativo foram escolhidas para estudos morfológicos, uma de suíno e outra de Cynomolgus Esses foram realizados por meio de conjugados fluorescentes, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e transmissão, que também confirmaram a identidade taxonômica do parasito, além de ter revelado achados ainda não relatados na literatura, onde se destacam parasitos amicronucleados, perfil de microtúbulos e presença de hidrogenossomos/mitocôndrias. Comprovou-se que suínos e primatas não humanos, podem estar parasitados com cepas de B. coli com elevada homogeneidade genética, embora sejam hospedeiros muito distantes filogeneticamente. Esta pesquisa ampliou o arcabouço de informações biológicas, morfológicas e moleculares de Balantidium coli / Balantidium coli is a protozoan parasite of humans, non-human primates and pigs. The balantidiosis is considered a neglected zoonotic disease and severe cases of the disease generate dysentery may lead the host to death. In this context, it has been proposed to study the diversity of Balantidium spp. isolated of human, captives non-human primates and pigs in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Between 2012 to 2015 were studied 790 stool samples from pigs,1115 of captive non-human primates and 114 of the caretakers of these animals. The study included nine pig farms and two breeding centers of macaques located in different cities of this state. Fecal material from pigs was obtained directly from the rectum, 88 samples of family farms and 702 industrial farms. For apes, were collected fecal samples of their enclosures, of which 960 came from Cecal/Fiocruz and 155 of CPRJ/INEA. Were included in this study over 30 species of New World primates (NM) and two Old World (VM). The caretakers of these animals have been invited to participate and those who accepted, received a kit to collect stool. The samples were submitted to direct examination and the techniques of Faust et al., Lutz, Sheather and Ritchie modified. B. coli was the parasite with the highest frequency, both in family farms, 71.6%, as in industrial farms, 46.4% of pigs. In primates of the Cecal, B. coli was also the most frequently diagnosed, 47.6%, which is mainly detected in the genus Macaca, whereas the frequency of the protozoa in CPRJ was 3.8%. No evolutionary form of B. coli was detected in the samples of the caretakers of these animals. Cysts of the parasite were more frequently diagnosed by direct examination, 22.4% and by Lutz technique, 21%. Direct examination favored the diagnosis of this parasitosis, it also detected the trophozoites in the stool. Samples with at least 10 trophozoites and/or 30 cysts of B. coli were subjected to isolation on Pavlova modified medium. 40 strains were held of the parasite for more than 30 months, these 30 were isolated from pigs and 10 of Cynomolgus macaques. Kinetics analysis was performed in media Pavlova, LES and TYSGM9 under different incubation times microbiological incubator. Trophozoites had to be viable up to 72 hours of incubation in media Pavlova modified and TYSGM-9, and the Pavlova was more suitable for routine laboratory due to its low cost. Strains maintenance as well as over 34 fecal samples containing parasite cysts were subjected to molecular studies from the amplification fragment ITS1 - 5.8S rRNA - ITS2. The molecular pattern of B. coli was confirmed in all the samples, and it was observed the presence of variant sequences of the A0 type in all the analyzed fragments. Two strains with higher quantitative growth were chosen for morphological studies, one of the pig and other of Cynomolgus macaques. These were carried out by means of fluorescent conjugates, scanning electron microscopy and transmission, which also confirmed the taxonomic identity of the parasite, and has revealed findings not yet reported in the literature, which features amicronucleated parasites, microtubule profile and presence of hidrogenossomos/mitochondria. It has been shown that pigs and non-human primates, may be infected with strains of B. coli with high genetic homogeneity, although they are phylogenetically very distant hosts. This research has expanded the informations biological, morphological and molecular of Balantidium coli.

Coyotes (Canis latrans) have inhabited Florida (USA) since the 1960s and are currently found throughout the state. The purpose of the present study was to obtain information on enteric parasites and diet of Florida coyotes from two different habitat types. Seasonal variation in diet was also examined. Fresh coyote fecal samples were collected from protected and urban habitats in Pinellas County, Florida (USA; 27°54' n, 82°41'w) from may 2005 to march 2007. A standard fecal flotation examination and formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation were utilized on fecal samples collected from the protected (n=40) and urban (n=50) habitats. Five novel (newly documented) parasites of coyotes were discovered; one cestode (Hymenolepis spp.), one nematode (Ascaris spp.), and three protozoa (Balantidium coli, Blastocystis spp., and Entamoeba histolytica). Novel parasites of Florida coyotes were also discovered two cestodes (diphyllobothrium latum and dipylidium caninum), two nematodes (toxocara canis and uncinaria stenocephala), one trematode (paragonimus spp.), and four protozoa (cryptosporidium spp., giardia canis, isospora spp., and sarcocystis cruzi). One cestode (Taenia spp.), three nematodes (Ancylostoma caninum, Physaloptera spp., and Trichurus vulpis), and one trematode (Alaria spp.) were also recovered, all of which have previously been documented in Florida coyotes. Diet items were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level by gross morphological characteristics and medullary configurations of dorsal guard hairs. A poisson regression was utilized to determine the relation between diet items and habitat, season, and interaction. In the protected habitat (n=49), vegetative matter (96%), Insecta (53%), and Rodentia (45%) were recovered most often, as opposed to berries (56%) and Lagomorpha (32%) in the urban habitats (n=71). Overall, vegetative matter, berries, and Lagomorpha were recovered most often from Florida coyote fecal samples. Odocoileus virginianus, Lagomorpha, and berries varied the most between wet and dry seasons. It is suggested that Florida coyotes are more susceptible to reinfection by novel parasites because of their rapid range expansion and lack of acquired immunity. Rapid habitat loss in Florida (i.e., urbanization) lowers survival of adult coyotes, increases the probability of transmission of disease between wild and domestic canids, and alters the diet of coyotes by lowering biological diversity of available prey items.