Study and experiment indicate that, with existing technology, a modified open Brayton cycle can be used to burn common municipal refuse at atmospheric pressure and produce useful power while scrubbing the combustion product gases to remove pollutants.The hot combustion gases pass from a combustor through a turbine to a region below atmospheric pressure where they are scrubbed and cooled by mixing with water spray. The water spray and gas mixture is then exhausted to atmospheric pressure through a compressor.Although current compressor designs are workable in this application, a new design is needed which will have reduced water drag power loss.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Nictitans glands obtained from mongrel dogs were studied grossly and by regular histological and electron microscopic methods. Special stains including Periodic Acid-Schiff and Sudan Black B were used for the identification of specific macromolecular components.The nictitans gland is a compound tubulo--alveolar gland of apocrine type, although holocrine type of secretory activity is exhibitedby a portion of the gland. Two kinds of secretory materials were secreted by two different types of acinar cells in this gland.The main function of this gland is to secrete lubricant and to keep the eyes in a healthy state. It is thus considered as a supplementary structure to the lacrimal gland.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

This study was conducted to assess the incidence of infectious drug resistance among animal strains of Escherlchia coli. Fecal samples were examined from a cattle feedlot southeast of Muncie, Indiana. The use of tetracycline and sulfonamide compounds as feed additives was a common practice on this farm, and theoretically could provide the antibiotic pressure necessary to select for resistant strains. A total of 32 feedlot E. coli were isolated from the feedlot floor. In addition, 10 strains of E. coli isolated from patients with urinary tract infections were introduced into this investigation for comparative purposes. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using disc-diffusion methods. Multiple resistant strains were designated as donor organisms and were used in conjugation experiments with an antibiotic sensitive recipient E. coli; wild type K-12 F-.Multiple drug resistance occurred among 21.8 percent of the feedlot E. coli isolated, with a predominance of resistance to chlorotetracycline, tetracycline, and sulfathiazole. Three out of seven multiple resistant donors isolated were able to transfer their antibiotic resistance markers to the recipient K-12 strain. Transferable drug resistance among the clinical isolates occurred in 6 of the 10 donor resistant strains, with tetracycline and ampicillin being the most frequently encountered resistance.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

A delayed-coincidence spectrometer system was used to measure nuclear lifetimes in the picosecond region by the centroid-shift method. Timing signals were derived from two plastic scintillators; each plastic scintillator was located within a specially constructed NaI(Tl) detector. Each NaI(Tl) detector was used to detect the gamma ray which Compton scattered from an associated plastic scintillator. Energy identification was achieved by summing the signals from the plastic and the NaI(Tl) detectors to give full energy gamma-ray photopeaks. To test the effectiveness of the system, the half-lives of the first excited state of 134Ba and the first and second excited states of 144Nd were measured. The half life of the first excited state of 134Ba was measured as 4.4 - 1.3 psec; this result is in agreement with a previously reported value of 5.0 t 1.5 psec. The half-life for the first excited state of 144Nd was determined to be 1.5 ± 1.0 psec while the half-life for the second excited. state of 144Nd was determined to be 5.1 ± 0.5 psec. The half-life value for the second excited state of 144Nd is in disagreement with previously reported values of 21 ± 2 psec and 100 ± 30 psec which were also determined by delayed-coincidence methods. Although the result of 1.5 ± 1.0 psec for the first excited state lifetime differed from a previous result of 3.4 * 0.1 psec obtained by Coulomb excitation, this difference was due to the inability of the present spectrometer system to resolve the 618- and 696-keV gamma rays of 144Nd. It is concluded that a lower lifetime limit measurable with the system described in this study is about one picosecond, provided that the gamma rays can be resolved in the sum energy spectrum of the plastic and NaI(T1) detectors.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Cotton rats, Sigmodon hispidus, were trapped and studied in Belize District, Belize, Central America from June 14, 1973 to July 13, 1973. Vegetation in the area was surveyed to determine height, extent of matting, and species composition. Comparisons were then made between vegetation and S. hispidus captures. A total of 48 S. hispidus,were captured, primarily in areas of tall and matted grass. S. hispidus appeared to be absent from areas of short grass.Reproduction, body size, sex ratio, parasites, and behavior of S. hispidus are discussed. Other mammals taken during the study included two specimens of Or_yzomys, fulvescens,, a species which had not previously been collected in Belize.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The changes in plasma osmolality and percentage change in mean corpuscular volume accompanying dehydration (2~ and 4of body weight loss) were studied to assess the use of the venous hematocrit as a gauge of the percentage change in plasma volume. In vitro experiments were also conducted to verify the relationship between plasma osmolality and mean corpuscular volume.By utilizing the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, calculation of the percentage change in mean corpuscular volume following dehydration showed a marked shrinkage of the red cells that was significantly related to the increase in plasma osmolality (r = - 0.99). Consequently, it was concluded that calculations of the percentage change in plasma volume during dehydration based on the change in venous hematocrit are subject to error unless corrections are made for alterations in mean corpuscular volume.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The adsorption of dicquat dibromide as affected by available soil moisture and concentration of diquat was studied on Blount silt loam soil in east central Indiana. The diquat under varying concentrations and soil moisture conditions was topically applied to twenty-seven, 1/2 meter square sample plots with the surface vegetation removed to expose bare soil.The soil texture of the research site was determined using the Bouyoucos hydrometer method. From the texture analysis, the highly adsorptive montmorillonite clay was determined to be the major adsorptive surfaces available to the diquat radical. With the montmorillonite clays being the major adsorptive surfaces, it was concluded that the applied diquat was completely adsorbed by the soil colloids.Using a modified Langlois-Stemp-Liska procedure for pesticide extraction and clean-up, the major effect of the herbicide concentrations and the soil moisture conditions on the adsorptive capacity of the soil colloids for the diquat radical was determined to be at the level of degrees of adsorption.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The purpose of this research was to examine the attitudes of currently practicing registered nurses to the concept of primary care nursing. The sub-problems analyzed were the reactions of the nurses toward society and toward the profession of nursing.The study utilized the responses to a questionnaire completed by the registered nurses at Fordham Hospital, New York City, and at Ft. Wayne Visiting Nurse Association, Ft. Wayne, Indiana. The participation mean of both agencies was 0.755.The respondents were identified as feeling favorably toward the concept of primary care nursing. Eighty-six per cent of the respondents favored additional preparation for nurses who were to embark on a career as primary carepractitioners.Alienation to society and to the profession of nursing was most obvious in the staff nurse group. Clinicians represented the extreme opposite by displaying strongly positive feelings toward society and toward the profession.The study revealed great discrepancy between the attitudes of the nurses at the two agencies studied. This suggests the need for more research at the agency level, prior to attempting any research with a more diverse sampling. The problem of alienation among staff nurses must be dealt with in order to insure a professional committment to excellence.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Benzylpenicilloyl-poly-L-cysteine is prepared by reacting benzylpenicillenic acid with poly-L-cysteine at 370° in water at pH 8.3 or buffer at pH 7.98. The preparations of penicilloyl-cysteine, S-acetamidomethyl-polycysteine, and S-acetamidomethyl-penicilloyl-polycysteine are also described. C14-labeling and penamaldate assays are used to determine penicilloyl content. The iodoacetic acid method is used to ascertain thiol content.The ultraviolet spectra for penicilloyl-polycysteine, pencilloyl-cysteine, poly-L-cysteine, poly-S-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine, S-acetamidomethyl-polycysteine and S-acetamidomethyl-penicilloyl-polycysteine are reported. The infrared spectra of penicilloyl-polycysteine, penicilloyl-cysteine, poly-S-carbobenzoxy-L-cysteine, S-acetamidomethyl-polycysteine, and S-acetamidomethyl-penicilloyl-polycysteine are reported. The nmr spectra of poly-L-cysteine, penicilloyl-cysteine, S-acetamidomethyl-polycysteine, and S-acetamidomethyl-penicilloyl-polycysteine are discussed.The kinetic rates of reaction of benzylpenicillenic acid at 37.5 ± 0.50 in buffer, cysteine, N, S-di-CBZ L-cysteine, poly-L-cysteine, poly-S-CBZ L-cysteine andβ-mercaptoethylamine are compared.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

The finite element stress analysis method was utilized to determine the effects of thermal expansion in small scale crystal deformation with the entire study conducted within the elastic limits of failure. A 5 by 25 km model was simulated, with accepted physical properties of rock and heated to an average geothermal gradient 30° C/km. Parameters independently examined included 1) variance of the coefficient of thermal expansion; 2) variance of temperature magnitude; and 3) variance of temperature geometry.The variations in coefficient of thermal expansion, studied here produced slight alterations in stress patterns produced by body weight and the normal geothermal gradient. It was suggested that general ranges of coefficients were sufficient to predict the behavior of the body. Temperature magnitudes have also resulted in small changes in displacements and stress patterns.Displacements due to thermal expansion were of minimal geologic significance. However, the stress could alter stress patterns generated by other tectonic forces. This may dictate the time and location of the initial failure of the body; in turn controling any subsequent tectonic activity.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306