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This thesis has used some techniques from mathematical demography to create thirteen projections of the Bangladesh female population at 5-year intervals from 1966 through 2026. Mathematical data gathered in Bangladesh by the Census Commission, Statistical Survey Research Unit (now Institute of Statistical Research and Training), Dacca University and by the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics (now Bangladesh Institute of Development Economics) was used. Details of the projections and findings are discussed.Bangladesh has an approximate population of 71,300,000. The biggest obstacle to rapid economic betterment is ran-a-way population growth. Social consequences of such growth are briefly considered.

Buddhism is believed to have all but died out in India following the thirteenth century Muslim invasion. However, in Bengal groups of non-Bengali people have continued to practice Therāvada Buddhism, which they are said to have imported from nearby Burma, or which they were converted to from other forms of Buddhism after migrating to Bengal. Their practices were "reformed" in 1856 by Burmese monks. An analysis of the historical material reveals a tendency by non-Buddhist Bengalis to downplay any relationship between the Buddhist traditions of Burma and Bangladesh, and to represent Buddhism as a phenomenon of the past. This reinterpretation of historical data is part of the formation process of a Bangladeshi national identity. That this process is in progress is confirmed by the existence in Bangladesh of a centralised and standardised educational system, having among its aims the integration of the national population. Religious education, in Bangladesh as elsewhere, plays within this system an important role in national integration. On the other hand, certain institutions of Bangladeshi Buddhism, such as temporary ordination, and features like the importance attributed to the Mahāmuni temple (which houses a replica of a very sacred Buddha image from Burma) confirm the historical connection between the Bangladeshi and the Southeast Asian Buddhist traditions. Any remaining doubts about the nature of Bangladeshi Buddhism are dispelled by the reading of a devotional song belonging to the genre known as Bauddha pālā kīrtana. The kīrtana, a ballad originating within the Hindu devotional movements, is very popular among all Bengalis, with no distinction of faith. The subject of this text, deriving from an apocryphal birth-story of the Buddha of Southeast Asian origin, reveals once again a link between the Buddhist traditions of Southeast Asia and Bangladesh, its Indian style just indicating regional taste.

This thesis uses Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014 data to identify the important determinants due to which women justification towards intimate partner violence (IPV) varies. Statistical analyses reveal that among the individual-level independent variables age at first marriage, respondent's education, decision score, religion, NGO membership, access to information, husband's education, normalized wealth score, and division indicator have significant effects on the women's attitude towards IPV. It shows that other than religion, NGO membership, and division indicator, the higher the value of the variable, the lower the likelihood of justifying IPV. However, being a Muslim, NGO member, and resident of other divisions, women are found more tolerant of IPV from their respective counterparts. Among the three community-level variables, only the mean decision score is found significant in lowering the likelihood. The thesis concludes with some policy recommendations and a proposal for future research. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2019. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The microcredit program in Bangladesh is a unique innovation of credit delivery designed to enhance the income generating activities of the poor. Its uniqueness is reflected in its collateral-free group-based lending strategy. The program extends small loans to poor people, mainly women, for self-employment activities thus allowing clients to achieve a better quality of life. This program is regarded as a very exciting anti-poverty tool for the poorest, especially for women. This study investigates the impact of microcredit on economic indicators as well as consumption behaviour of the borrowers. It further analyses the impact of microcredit on women’s empowerment. Primary data has been collected from the borrowers of two major microcredit institutions in Bangladesh. Alongside the borrowers, data have also been collected from non-borrowers of the same village to compare the impact between borrowers and control group. The empirical work has used sophisticated econometric techniques. Five different econometric methods - OLS, 2SLS, Probit, Tobit and SURE estimators - have been applied to the sample data of this study. The most important finding indicates that microcredit programs are effective in increasing borrowers’ income, assets and consumption but it is more pronounced towards high income borrowers than low income borrowers. It further finds that microcredit programs are empowering for women. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Master's thesis. / Format: PDF. Bibl.

Background: Although efforts to reduce iron deficiency during pregnancy have been made, programmes often struggle with their participants’ compliance and effectiveness is low. Nevertheless, there is only little information about determinants of compliance. The aim of this thesis is to investigate which factors contribute to women’s compliance to iron supplementation during pregnancy in rural Bangladesh. Methods: Secondary analysis of data collected within a randomized trial in Matlab, Bangladesh (MINIMat trial). 4436 pregnant women were assigned to six micronutrient supplementation groups. Questionnaires were administered and anthropometric measurements were taken. Compliance was measured using the eDEM® counting device which recorded every time a pill bottle was opened. Results: In linear regression maternal age, socio economic status (SES) and education showed a positive association with compliance (p<0.001). Parity showed a negative association (p=0.045). Knowledge of effects of iron supplementation and perception of importance of iron supplementation were not significantly associated with compliance. Experiencing positive effects of iron supplementation was related to higher compliance to iron supplementation, while experiencing nausea was related to lower compliance to iron supplementation (p<0.001). Dislike of the tablets (p<0.001) and other reasons that were not specifically mentioned (p=0.015) were significantly associated with a decrease in compliance. Conclusion: Pregnant women’s compliance to iron supplementation was determined by different factors. Educating women about anaemia, iron deficiency and iron supplementation should not be the only strategy to achieve high compliance. Development of supplements that cause fewer side effects should be considered and more research investigating determinants of compliance should be performed.

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