This study intends to assess determinants of nonperforming loans. The mixed research approach was adopted for the study. Survey was conducted with professionals engaged in both private and state owned Banks in Ethiopia holding different positions using a self administered questionnaire. In addition, the study used structured review of documents and records of banks and in-depth interview of senior bank officials in the Ethiopian banking industry. The findings of the study shows that poor credit assessment, failed loan monitoring, underdeveloped credit culture, lenient credit terms and conditions, aggressive lending, compromised integrity, weak institutional capacity, unfair competition among banks, willful default by borrowers and their knowledge limitation, fund diversion for unintended purpose, over/under financing by banks ascribe to the causes of loan default.

M.Sc. (Computer Science) / In the rapidly evolving world that we live in, the methods by which items are purchased are starting to be revolutionized. In a developing country such as South Africa, financial institutions within the banking sector are starting to implement their own systems or processes to process bank transactions. These processes include the identification and authentication of bank transactions, as well as the validation of the integrity of bank transactions between buyer and merchant. The changing of these processes by the banking sector could be viewed as a result of the increase in mobile device users. The purpose of the research presented within this dissertation is to explore an alternative method for identifying and authenticating a user in order to authorize a purchase made from a mobile device. The research will include evidence for the necessity of an alternative process as well as investigate the current technology by examining a few mobile banking solutions provided by the banking sector. The alternative process will be based upon a prototype design, which will employ Near Field Communication (NFC) technology to forward the purchase information from a point-of-sale (POS) device to the client’s mobile device, as well as employ fingerprint recognition technology to improve the identification and authentication of a user in order to authorize the purchase. The prototype will be known as BankAuth. The researcher hopes that this dissertation encourages other academics to discover new approaches in further researching mobile banking solutions.

M.Comm. / The Financial Sector Charter is a transformation charter in terms of the Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment (BBBEE) Act (Act 53 of 2003). The Charter is a voluntary initiative by the financial sector to address racially based income and social inequalities in South Africa. It aims to encourage black economic participation through its six pillars. The Charter came into effect in January 2004 as a result of the Financial Sector Summit hosted by the National Economic Development and Labour Council (NEDLAC), the multilateral social dialogue forum on social, economic and labour policy. The Nedlac partners – government, business, labour and community constituencies – negotiated the Financial Sector Summit Agreements on transforming the financial sector and signed the Summit declaration on 20 August 2002. The Charter commits its participants to 'actively promoting a transformed, vibrant, and globally competitive financial sector that reflects the demographics of South Africa, and contributes to the establishment of an equitable society by effectively providing accessible financial services to black people and by directing investment into targeted sectors of the economy. Financial institutions affected by the Charter include banks, long-term insurers, shortterm insurers, re-insurers, collective investment schemes, investment managers, retirement funds, and licensed exchanges. Any other institution in the financial sector may opt to participate in the Charter. The objectives of the Charter are to: • constitute a framework and establish the principles upon which BEE will be implemented in the financial sector; • provide the basis for the sector’s engagement with other stakeholders; • establish targets and unquantified responsibilities in respect of each principle; • outline processes for implementing the charter and mechanisms to monitor and report on progress. Progress on the Financial Sector Charter Scorecard in the South African Banking Sector In pursuit of these objectives, the Charter commits financial institutions in the sector to transforming in the areas of: • Human resource development; • Procurement of goods and services; • Access to financial services; • Empowerment financing; • Ownership and control; • Corporate social investment. The study provides an overview on the above objectives of the Charter and seeks to measure and assesses in detail the progress of the banking sector regarding the six key areas of the FSC as outlined in the FSC Scorecard against the set targets of 2008. The scorecards analysed would be those that have been submitted to the Council as at the 31 December 2006. • Amalgamated Banks of South Africa (Absa Group); • FirstRand Group (including First National Bank); • Nedbank Group; • Standard Bank Group. The study will assess the performance of each bank, highlighting the positives and providing recommendations where there are shortfalls. The results will be consolidated to give an overall performance overview of the banking sector in South Africa in meeting transformational challenges faced by the country. According to the South African Reserve Bank (2008:106) the financial services sector including insurance, real estate and business services added 22% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2007 making it the biggest contributor. It is therefore imperative for this study to be undertaken to assess and ensure that the sector commits to the process of transformation in addressing the past imbalances with regard to inclusive participation by all in the South African economy.

M.Com. (Economics) / The aim of this study is to identify the various monetary variables financial risks involved in the structuring of the Asset and Liability portfolio of a bank and to establish their influence on a dynamic financial system. The implementation of a successful Asset and Liability management plan is the ultimate objective of trying to maximize capital gains. Therefore, the success of such a management plan lies in its ability to limit the exposure of the bank to financial risks and monetary variables and finally to increase profitability. In this study an attempt is made to create a portfolio management plan. For this purpose a linear optimization computer nodal, is used. In order to obtain better understanding of the financial system in 'which such a portfolio management plan is implemented, a description of both the international and local financial systems ,including a comparison between the South African and United States markets,is set out in this study. In chapter V the strategy to limit financial risk exposure used in the United States' is discussed. Following a comparison made between the workings of the South African and United States financial markets, the conclusion is that, given a few adjustments, the same strategy could be used in the South African financial system...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of the Texas unit commercial banking system in comparison with branch banking systems, limited area branching systems, and unit banking systems.

M.Com. (Business Economics) / Please refer to full text to view abstract

M.Com. (Informatics) / This dissertation examines the field of network management in a banking environment. Special attention is given to business aspects that might influence network management. Technical aspects of network management are only discussed briefly. The study is broadly divided into two sections, the theoretical background and the formulation of a network model in the banking environment. Banks require that their services must always be of the highest standard. Special attention is given to services that banks provide on a daily basis. Network management can become very technical and complex. Large networks can become a nightmare to manage without proper business management principles. The dissertation offers an introduction to business principles and concentrates on different environments that might influence banks and their networks. The study indicates the importance of the open system environment for banks. The success of open systems largely depends on the acceptance of standards set by standard organizations like ISO (International Standards Organization). Banks in general are mainly dependent on IBM products and they rely on IBM to provide for their open needs. The dissertation covers the problems that IBM faces in opening up their systems. Network management protocols are very important. Today there are two main contenders in this area, namely SNMP and CMIP. In the future both protocols might play a role in managing networks. Identification of banks' needs and requirements is important for the definition of the model. Special consideration is given to external factors influencing banks and their networks. To isolate these influences three environments can be identified namely the macro, market and micro environments. The most important requirement of banks is to provide a reliable and continuous service of high standing quality to their clients. Banks provide a variety of financial services to their customers and the competition between different banks makes the development of new, and the improvement of existing services ...

Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Wits Business School, 2016 / The banking industry plays an essential role in any economy in terms of resource mobilisation and allocation. Banks also accept deposits, create credit, offer agency, utility and money transmission services.A well-developed banking industry plays an important role in efficient financial intermediation and this helps to boost economic growth. The financial intermediary role performed by banks allows the banking sector to influence the direction of available resources, thereby affecting the rate of economic growth (Obadeyi, 2014).Due to these benefits derived from the banking sector, a large number of industrialised, developing and transition countries have undertaken extensive reforms in their banking sector over the past two decades (Swary and Topf 1992). Banking sector reforms are defined as government intervention in the banking industry to provide a panacea for existing anomalies in the banking sector (Azeez and Ojoh, 2012). The reforms that were implemented by various countries included interest rates liberalisation, the removal of quantitative controls on lending, lifting barriers to competition, deregulation of the banking sector, the privatisation of public financial institutions and the introduction of market based securities. They were implemented to enhance the intermediation role of banks, ensure that banks are well positioned to greatly mobilise savings and optimally allocate these mobilised savings in the form of credit extension to profitable investments (Ajayi, 2005). The treatise investigates the effectiveness of banking sector reforms on financial intermediation in African Countries using data of eleven countries. Annual time series and panel data which covered a period of 20 years from 1980 to 2000 was used.Secondary data which was used for this treatise was gathered fromjournals, books, peer-reviewed articles, International Monetary Fund statistics (IMF), Global Banking (Center for financial markets Milken Institute) and World Bank Financial Development database was used in this research. The regression results showed that the banking sector reforms had a negative impact on financial intermediation on the eleven countries under study. Thus, the reforms failed to achieve their objectives of mobilising savings and increasing intermediation activities (lending). In addition, the results showed that the control variables which were inflation and gross savings had an inversely relationship with financial intermediation except for income per capita which had a positive relationship. The main causes of the failure of the banking sector iii reforms in Africa were the macroeconomic imbalances, financial system instability and wrong sequencing of the reforms. / GR2018

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Master of Management Degree in Finance & Investment Management / The fragility of the banking sector and the systemic effects of bank failures coupled with the position banks occupy as the centre of financial and economic activity has called for effective regulatory reforms to ensure greater supervision and monitoring, prudent banking practices, financial stability and restoration of public confidence in the financial system. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining the spate of bank failures in Africa and the extent to which the introduction of regulatory reforms and prudential measures by regulatory authorities have impacted or helped in reducing the incidence of bank failures in Africa. To this end, the study looks at the various determinants of bank failures and fragility, indicators of financial soundness, the measures adopted so far in curbing bank failures and the resultant effect, the deficiencies in the existing reforms and regulations as well as policy recommendations for future studies. The study revealed that successful implementation of reforms is not limited to effective prudential approach & guidelines but largely influenced by Macro-economic conditions in the economy. For the purpose of performance evaluation and assessing the impact of regulatory reforms on the banking sector in Africa (Pre reform and Post reform), this study looks at a case study of some selected African countries namely Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia, Uganda, Ghana to enable us have a clear insight on the performance of banks pre-reforms and post reforms. Keywords: Banking sector reforms, Financial intermediation, Banking crisis, Bank performance, Capital adequacy. / GR2018

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