Contrary to the significance that HSBC and its comprador office made on the modernisation in China at the turn of the 19th and the 20th Century, studies about the Bank’s expansion in the Beijing-Tianjin area were exceptionally limited. In this research, the importance of HSBC’s expansion to North China in the 1880s will be primarily examined by the Bank and its comprador office’s roles in the railways development in North China. During this process, Wu Jim-pah, as the first comprador of HSBC in Tianjin, offered significant aids in establishing HSBC’s collaboration with the Qing Court and the influential Bei-yang Ministry under Li Hong-zhang’s administration. This research is going to examine Wu Jim-pah’s career and personal development in late Qing Huizhou, Suzhou, Shanghai, Tianjin and Beijing, so as to answer a series of questions related to China’s social-economic reforms and its earliest capitalists’ formation at the turn of the centuries. Moreover, acts as the first academic study focusing on Wu Jim-pah’s participation in the early modernisation projects of late Qing China, this research put the collection and classification of historical materials in the central place. The findings of primary resources from the archives in China and overseas, namely, the Institute of History and Philology of Academia Sinica in Taipei, the National Library of China, the Shanghai Library, the Southwest Jiao-tong University, the Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences (TASS), the HSBC Group Archives, London School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), as well as the Public Record Office at Kew, London, could be regarded as the most valuable part of this research. / published_or_final_version / Humanities and Social Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Economics / Master / Master of Social Sciences

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Stanford University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-115).

by Wong Yiu Chung. / Bibliography: leaves 298-304 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

This thesis studies the Chinese banks’ credit risk assessment using the Post Keynesian approach. We argue that bank loans are the major financial sources in emerging economies and it is uncertainty, an unquantifiable risk, rather than asymmetric information about quantifiable risk, as held by the mainstream approach, which is most important for the risk attached to credit loans, and this uncertainty is particularly important in China. With the universal existence of uncertainty, borrowers and lenders have to make decisions based on convention and experience. With regard to the nature of decision-making, this implies the importance of qualitative methods rather than quantitative methods. The current striking problem in Chinese banking is the large amount of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) and this research aims to address the NPLs through improving credit risk management. Rather than the previous literature where Western models are introduced into China directly or with minor modification, this work advocates building on China’s conventional domestic methods to deal with uncertainty. We briefly review the background of the Chinese banking history with an evolutionary view and examine Chinese conventions in the development of the credit market. Based on an overview of this history, it is argued that Soft Budget Constraints (SBC) and the underdeveloped risk-assessing mechanism contributed to the accumulation of NPLs. Informed by Western models and experience, we have made several suggestions about rebuilding the Chinese convention of credit risk assessment, based on an analysis of publications and interviews with Chinese bankers. We also suggest some further development of the Asset Management Companies (AMCs) which are used to dispose of the NPLs.

by Chow Lap-fai, Lee Wai-sum. / Bibliography: leaves 84-86 / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

by Thomas Ming-tak Chan. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaf 40. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.4 / Chapter III. --- DEVELOPMENT OF THE SECURITISATION PROGRAMME --- p.7 / Assumed Objectives --- p.7 / Basic Description of the Securitisation Process --- p.7 / Proposed Terms and Conditions --- p.8 / Chapter IV. --- ELABORATION ON THE MECHANISM OF THE PROGRAMME --- p.11 / The Issuer --- p.11 / "The Originator, Amount and Currency" --- p.12 / The Facility and the Availability of Various Tranches --- p.13 / Interest Margin --- p.15 / Fees --- p.17 / Credit Enhancement --- p.18 / Over-collateralisation --- p.18 / Creation of a Spread Account --- p.19 / Insurance Credit --- p.20 / Arrangement of a Subordinated Loan --- p.20 / Source of Interest Payment and Principal Repayment --- p.21 / Chapter V. --- COST CONSIDERATION --- p.23 / Chapter VI. --- CONCLUSION --- p.27 / APPENDIX --- p.33 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.40

by Ng Tze-fung, Victor. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 100-103. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.v / LISTS OF TABLE --- p.viii / LISTS OF FIGURE --- p.ix / CHAPTER / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Definition of the Problem --- p.1 / Overview of Payment System --- p.2 / Overview of Innovations in Electronic Banking Technology --- p.3 / The Growth of Electronic Banking in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Development of EFTPOS in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Parties Involved in EFTPOS --- p.6 / Benefits of EFTPOS --- p.7 / Problems for EFTPOS Development --- p.8 / Motivation of Study --- p.9 / Chapter Summary --- p.11 / Chapter II --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.12 / Introduction --- p.12 / Consumer Adoption of Electronic Banking Technology --- p.13 / The Concept of Perceived Risk --- p.14 / Multi-dimensional Approach of Perceived Risk --- p.15 / Summary of Related Empirical Research --- p.16 / Study by Home (1982) --- p.16 / Study by Lau and Ng (1983) --- p.17 / Study by Motazedi (1984) --- p.18 / Summary of the Related Articles --- p.19 / Astbury (1985) --- p.19 / Friis (1985) --- p.19 / Aoki (1986) --- p.20 / Brobeck (1986) --- p.20 / Marketing News (1987) --- p.21 / Kuroda (1987) --- p.21 / Fitzgerald (1988) --- p.21 / Ho (1991) --- p.22 / Sowton (1989) --- p.23 / """Banking World's Special EFTPOS Report"" (1990)" --- p.23 / Nature and Scope of This Study --- p.23 / Development of the Research Hypotheses --- p.24 / Research Hypotheses in the Null Form --- p.26 / Chapter Summary --- p.27 / Chapter III --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.28 / Measurement of Perceived Risk --- p.28 / Design of Questionnaire --- p.30 / Layout of Part I --- p.31 / Layout of Part II --- p.32 / Layout of Part III --- p.33 / Layout of Part IV --- p.34 / Definition of Small and Large Purchases --- p.34 / Pre-testing and Adjustments --- p.36 / Selection of Respondents --- p.36 / Measurement Methods --- p.37 / Statistical Tests Employed --- p.38 / Response Rate --- p.40 / Chapter Summary --- p.41 / Chapter IV --- RESEARCH FINDINGS --- p.42 / Introduction --- p.42 / Overall Perceived Risk --- p.43 / Perceived Risk for Cash Payment --- p.44 / Perceived Risk for Credit Card Payment --- p.46 / Perceived Risk for EFTPOS Payment --- p.47 / Perceived Physical Risk --- p.49 / Definition --- p.49 / Physical Risk in Small Purchase --- p.49 / Physical Risk in Large Purchase --- p.50 / Overall Physical Risk --- p.51 / Perceived Performance Risk --- p.52 / Definition --- p.52 / Performance Risk in Small Purchase --- p.52 / Performance Risk in Large Purchase --- p.53 / Overall Performance Risk --- p.54 / Perceived Psychological Risk --- p.55 / Definition --- p.55 / Psychological Risk in Small Purchase --- p.56 / Psychological Risk in Large Purchase --- p.57 / Overall Psychological Risk --- p.57 / Perceived Financial Risk --- p.58 / Definition --- p.58 / Financial Risk in Small Purchase --- p.59 / Financial Risk in Large Purchase --- p.60 / Overall Financial Risk --- p.60 / Perceived Risk of Time Loss Risk --- p.61 / Definition --- p.61 / Risk of Time Loss in Small Purchase --- p.62 / Risk of Time Loss in Large Purchase --- p.62 / Overall Risk of Time Loss --- p.63 / Testing of Hypothesis One --- p.64 / Testing of Hypothesis Two --- p.66 / Comparison of User and Non-user --- p.67 / Testing of Hypothesis Three --- p.69 / Test on EFTPOS Knowledge --- p.69 / Testing of Hypothesis Four --- p.72 / Chapter Summary --- p.73 / Chapter V --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION --- p.74 / Summary of Key Findings --- p.74 / Implications and Discussion --- p.76 / The Case of Super Ease Card --- p.78 / Limitation of Study --- p.79 / Contribution of Study --- p.79 / Suggestions for Further Study --- p.80 / Concluding Summary --- p.80 / APPENDIX --- p.82 / Sample of Questionnaire --- p.82 / Lists of Perceived Risk Equation --- p.98 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.99