This thesis is a study of free people of colour during the era of emancipation in Barbados, with a particular focus on their relationships with and attitudes towards slaves. It examines the period between the 1816 slave rebellion and the 1854 cholera epidemic, encompassing the apprenticeship period of 1834-1838. The thesis argues that differences of class, political ideology, gender and the specific nature of their relationships with slaves determined emancipation's impact on free people of colour. At the same time, the thesis illustrates that pre-emancipation free people of colour as a group remained economically and politically marginal after emancipation, much as they had been during slavery. Reforms to the island's slave laws during the 1820s and early 1830s undermined the legal distinction between free people of colour and slaves. The abolitionism debate and increasing racial tension in the island led free non-whites to challenge openly the principle of racial subordination for the first time. After 1834, elite free people of colour forged a sense of "race consciousness", and adopted emancipation as the key to their battle against racial inequality, asserting themselves as the legitimate protectors of ex-slaves' interests. However class differences and disagreements over emancipation policy led to political factionalism among people of colour. The absence of fundamental change in the distribution of land and wealth after emancipation left most pre-1834 free people of colour and ex-slaves with little hope of political enfranchisement or socio-economic betterment. By the early 1850s, many came to see emigration as the solution to their difficulties. This thesis is the first study of pre-1834 free people of colour in post-emancipation Barbados, and one of few to examine both the periods of slavery and postemancipation. By focussing on the intricate relations between free people of colour and slaves/ex-slaves, this thesis shows how emancipation transformed many aspects of social relations in Barbados ― particularly with regard to race, class, labour and gender.

Thesis (M.A.)--Duquesne University, 2007. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-88).

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 2004. Graduate Programme in Social Anthropology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-257). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR38753

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 adriano_e_me_botfca.pdf: 660248 bytes, checksum: b78236767080a845ff7e3cae1f588e01 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A aceroleira é uma planta de clima tropical que produz frutos ricos em vitamina C. Esta fruta é comercializada principalmente na forma de polpa congelada e fruto in natura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a fenologia, produção e qualidade dos frutos da aceroleira cv. Olivier. Para tanto foi implantado um experimento em pomar comercial no município de Junqueirópolis-SP, no ano agrícola de 2009/2010. Foram avaliados dois ciclos reprodutivos: setembro e janeiro. Para avaliação fenológica, em cada época foram marcados 40 botões florais em 10 plantas, totalizando 400 botões. O ciclo foi dividido em estádios fenológicos, sendo avaliada a duração dos estádios, taxa de frutificação e crescimento dos frutos. Na avaliação da produção os frutos maduros foram colhidos e pesados. Para análise qualitativa foram coletadas amostras de frutos e avaliados o peso médio de fruto, cor de fruto e as características químicas da polpa: teor de sólidos solúveis, pH, acidez titulável, açúcares redutores, ‘ratio’ e teor de ácido ascórbico. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que a duração dos estádios é influenciada pela temperatura ambiente, sendo mais curto em condições de altas temperaturas. A elevada incidência de precipitações interfere negativamente na fixação dos frutos da aceroleira, prejudicando a produção. Também pode-se observar que o maior índice de abortamento ocorre no estádio de perda de pétala. Com relação ao desenvolvimento dos frutos, apesar da diferença na velocidade de crescimento e tamanho dos frutos, em ambas as avaliações pode-se observar que houve um mais acentuado nos primeiros 8 dias, seguindo depois um padrão linear. Para os dados de produção e qualidade dos frutos pode-se concluir que houve influência da época... / The barbados cherry tree is a tropical plant that produces fruits rich in vitamin C. This fruit is marketed mainly in the form of frozen pulp and fresh fruit. The present study aimed to evaluate the reproductive phenology, production and fruit quality of barbados cherry trees cv. Olivier at different times. Thus an experiment was deployed in the city of orchard Junqueirópolis-SP, in the agricultural year 2009/2010. Were evaluated two reproductive cycles: September and January. To evaluated of phenology in each times were marked 40 buds on 10 plants, totaling 400 buttons. The cycle was divided at different phenological stages, were evaluated for the duration of the stage, rate of fruit and fruit growth. Measuring the output ripe fruits were harvested and weighed. For qualitative analysis of fruit samples were collected and evaluated the average fruit weight, fruit color and chemical characteristics of pulp: soluble solids, pH, acidity, reducing sugars, 'ratio' and ascorbic acid. The results showed that the duration of the stages is influenced by temperature, being shorter in high temperature conditions. The high incidence of rainfall impacts negatively on fruit set of barbados cherry trees, hurting production. One can also observe that the highest rate of abortion occurs the stage of petal loss. In relation to fruit development, despite the difference in growth rate and fruit size in both assessments can be observed that there was a more pronounced during the first 8 days and then follows a linear pattern. For data production and fruit quality can be concluded that there was influence of the time, with production in September was higher, but the fruits harvested in January showed a higher average fruit weight. There were differences in pulp quality parameters of two times, with the fruits of the harvest in September... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

My work presents a place-specific analysis of how gender paradigms interact across and within spatial scales: the global, the regional, the national and the personal. It briefly outlines the concepts and measures defining the international gender paradigm, and explores the filtration of this paradigm into assessments and understandings of gender and gender dynamics by and within Barbados. It does this by analyzing the contents of reports of the Barbados government to international bodies assessing the country’s performance in the area of gender equality, and by analyzing gender-comparative content of local print news media over the decade of the 1990s, and the first decade of the 2000s. It contextualizes the discussion within the realm of social and economic development. The work shows how the almost singular focus on “women” in the international gender paradigm may depreciate valid gender concerns of men and thus hinder the overall goal of achieving gender equality, that is, achieving just, inclusive societies.

The University of ManchesterNatalie Dietrich JonesPhD Development Policy and ManagementThe ma(r)king of complex border geographies and their negotiation by undocumented migrants: The case of Barbados2013ABSTRACTUsing Barbados as a case study, this thesis examines the relationship between agency, undocumentedness and borders. The relationship between these three concepts has been debated in a well-established European and North American literature; however, there is no similar body of work for the Caribbean, a space which since its genesis has been shaped by b/ordering practices. Through a stratified view of the border, it explored the discursive and non-discursive (material) factors which constrained migrants’ existence, and migrants’ agentic response to these constraints. The timing of fieldwork meant that the location’s geography, as well as migrants’ narratives, was marked by a recent amnesty exercise. In addition to ‘talk’ the research also relied on text, in the form of government and other legal documents relating to the management of migration. The research is therefore based on a combination of narrative and critical discourse analysis, espousing the methodological eclecticism that is encouraged in critical realist methodology. The study makes an important contribution to the field of border studies, based on its exploration of the relationship between a complex border ontology and migrant agency. The principal finding is that borders create complex geographies, which operate at varying spatial scales. The thesis thus provides an enhanced theorization of border(s), in particular as it relates to conceptualizations of space, suspect status, governmentality, and agency.

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