A globalização é um fenômeno que influencia na economia mundial, gerando efeitos econômicos, tecnológicos e científicos. Estes avanços impõem mudanças sociais, assim como a demanda de países menos desenvolvidos em estabelecerem alianças com países mais desenvolvidos. Nesse contexto, as Instituições de Ensino Superior também são influenciadas pela globalização, no que se refere ao ensino, propriedade intelectual, e avanço do conhecimento. Dessa forma, estas instituições precisam se preparar para a Internacionalização de Ensino Superior, que envolve adaptações no currículo, preparação de seus alunos para trabalharem e desenvolverem competências no contexto global, e a realização de parcerias para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Este contexto pode ser percebido, principalmente, nas escolas de Administração. Portanto, este estudo propôs analisar o processo de Internacionalização de Ensino Superior nas escolas de Administração. Para tanto, realizaram-se estudos de casos em três grandes universidades públicas: USP, UFRJ e UFMG. Para a análise deste processo optou-se por utilizar os modelos de Knight (1994) e Rudzki (1998) pelo fato de que, juntos, poderiam proporcionar uma análise abrangente do processo. Buscou-se o entendimento da internacionalização nas suas funções principais: ensino, pesquisa e extensão universitária. É interpretada, ainda, como um sinônimo de excelência e qualidade da universidade no contexto mundial, fundamentais para a pesquisa e avanço do conhecimento. Foram identificados, além desses resultados, alguns obstáculos com relação aos aspectos organizacionais das universidades. Analisou-se a importância de algumas atividades institucionais: mudança organizacional, inovação curricular, desenvolvimento pessoal e mobilidade estudantil. A partir dos resultados, concluiu-se que a Internacionalização de Ensino Superior é um processo complexo, que deve envolver a estruturação de políticas, como declarações, diretrizes e planejamentos, sendo percebida como um processo importante e que exige constante desenvolvimento organizacional. No contexto destas escolas, a inexistência de uma política formal não inviabiliza as suas iniciativas, em que são desenvolvidas de forma não institucionalizada e descentralizada, estratégias programáticas e organizacionais. Esta descentralização foi identificada como importante para a desburocratização do processo. Porém, faltam ainda, regulamentos que auxiliem na padronização das ações. Nesse sentido, as principais estratégias organizacionais abrangem o apoio da reitoria ao processo de internacionalização; a criação de plano de trabalho ou planejamento estratégico; e a criação de escritórios internacionais. Observou-se a necessidade do apoio dado pela universidade às suas unidades para a operacionalização destas ações. / Globalization is a phenomenon that influences the world economy, generating economic, technological and scientific purposes. These advances require social changes, as well as demand from less developed in establishing alliances with developed countries. In this context, Higher Education Institutions are also influenced by globalization, in relation to education, intellectual property, and advancement of knowledge. Thus, these institutions need to prepare for the Internationalisation of Higher Education, which involves adjustments in the curriculum, preparing students for work and develop skills in a global context, and establish partnerships for the development of research. This context can be perceived especially in Business Schools. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the process of internationalization of higher education in business schools. For both, there were case studies in three major public universities: USP, UFRJ and UFMG. To analyze this case we chose to use the model Knight (1994) and Rudzki (1998) by the fact that, together, could provide a comprehensive analysis of the process. We sought the understanding of internationalization on their core functions: teaching, research and extension. It is also interpreted as a synonym for excellence and quality in the university, fundamental to the advancement of knowledge and research worldwide context. In addition to these results, some obstacles have been identified with regard to organizational aspects of universities. We analyzed the importance of some institutional activities: organizational change, curriculum innovation, staff development and student mobility. From the results, it was concluded that the internationalization of higher education is a complex process that should involve the structuring of policies such as declarations, guidelines and plans, being perceived as an important process that requires constant and organizational development. In the context of these schools, the lack of a formal policy does not preclude their initiatives, which are developed in non-institutionalized and decentralized manner, programmatic and organizational strategies. This decentralization has been identified as important to the bureaucracy of the process. However, still lacking, regulations that assist in the standardization of actions. In this sense, the key organizational strategies cover the support of the rectory to the internationalization process, the creation of the work plan or strategic planning, and the establishment of international offices. There was the need of the support given by the university to their units for the operationalization of these actions.

Our master dissertation pursued the research question of what the internationalization process of a hybrid firm would look like. To do so, the authors performed an in-depth analysis of a Swedish SME which exhibited characteristics of a hybrid firm. These hybrid firms, as we have named them, use a mixed range of internationalization strategies. An abductive method of research was used in this thesis, as the authors took direction from previous literature and created their own new internationalization process model based on their findings. The main areas of this research focused on the drivers for internationalization and the barriers to internationalization, as well as the market selection and entry mode into foreign countries. This research found that the Swedish SME base their internationalization process on their human resources and the intuition of their management. These two key elements were the foundation for the new hybrid internationalization process model created by the authors.

A globalização é um fenômeno que influencia na economia mundial, gerando efeitos econômicos, tecnológicos e científicos. Estes avanços impõem mudanças sociais, assim como a demanda de países menos desenvolvidos em estabelecerem alianças com países mais desenvolvidos. Nesse contexto, as Instituições de Ensino Superior também são influenciadas pela globalização, no que se refere ao ensino, propriedade intelectual, e avanço do conhecimento. Dessa forma, estas instituições precisam se preparar para a Internacionalização de Ensino Superior, que envolve adaptações no currículo, preparação de seus alunos para trabalharem e desenvolverem competências no contexto global, e a realização de parcerias para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas. Este contexto pode ser percebido, principalmente, nas escolas de Administração. Portanto, este estudo propôs analisar o processo de Internacionalização de Ensino Superior nas escolas de Administração. Para tanto, realizaram-se estudos de casos em três grandes universidades públicas: USP, UFRJ e UFMG. Para a análise deste processo optou-se por utilizar os modelos de Knight (1994) e Rudzki (1998) pelo fato de que, juntos, poderiam proporcionar uma análise abrangente do processo. Buscou-se o entendimento da internacionalização nas suas funções principais: ensino, pesquisa e extensão universitária. É interpretada, ainda, como um sinônimo de excelência e qualidade da universidade no contexto mundial, fundamentais para a pesquisa e avanço do conhecimento. Foram identificados, além desses resultados, alguns obstáculos com relação aos aspectos organizacionais das universidades. Analisou-se a importância de algumas atividades institucionais: mudança organizacional, inovação curricular, desenvolvimento pessoal e mobilidade estudantil. A partir dos resultados, concluiu-se que a Internacionalização de Ensino Superior é um processo complexo, que deve envolver a estruturação de políticas, como declarações, diretrizes e planejamentos, sendo percebida como um processo importante e que exige constante desenvolvimento organizacional. No contexto destas escolas, a inexistência de uma política formal não inviabiliza as suas iniciativas, em que são desenvolvidas de forma não institucionalizada e descentralizada, estratégias programáticas e organizacionais. Esta descentralização foi identificada como importante para a desburocratização do processo. Porém, faltam ainda, regulamentos que auxiliem na padronização das ações. Nesse sentido, as principais estratégias organizacionais abrangem o apoio da reitoria ao processo de internacionalização; a criação de plano de trabalho ou planejamento estratégico; e a criação de escritórios internacionais. Observou-se a necessidade do apoio dado pela universidade às suas unidades para a operacionalização destas ações. / Globalization is a phenomenon that influences the world economy, generating economic, technological and scientific purposes. These advances require social changes, as well as demand from less developed in establishing alliances with developed countries. In this context, Higher Education Institutions are also influenced by globalization, in relation to education, intellectual property, and advancement of knowledge. Thus, these institutions need to prepare for the Internationalisation of Higher Education, which involves adjustments in the curriculum, preparing students for work and develop skills in a global context, and establish partnerships for the development of research. This context can be perceived especially in Business Schools. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the process of internationalization of higher education in business schools. For both, there were case studies in three major public universities: USP, UFRJ and UFMG. To analyze this case we chose to use the model Knight (1994) and Rudzki (1998) by the fact that, together, could provide a comprehensive analysis of the process. We sought the understanding of internationalization on their core functions: teaching, research and extension. It is also interpreted as a synonym for excellence and quality in the university, fundamental to the advancement of knowledge and research worldwide context. In addition to these results, some obstacles have been identified with regard to organizational aspects of universities. We analyzed the importance of some institutional activities: organizational change, curriculum innovation, staff development and student mobility. From the results, it was concluded that the internationalization of higher education is a complex process that should involve the structuring of policies such as declarations, guidelines and plans, being perceived as an important process that requires constant and organizational development. In the context of these schools, the lack of a formal policy does not preclude their initiatives, which are developed in non-institutionalized and decentralized manner, programmatic and organizational strategies. This decentralization has been identified as important to the bureaucracy of the process. However, still lacking, regulations that assist in the standardization of actions. In this sense, the key organizational strategies cover the support of the rectory to the internationalization process, the creation of the work plan or strategic planning, and the establishment of international offices. There was the need of the support given by the university to their units for the operationalization of these actions.

The evolution of globalization and technology have changed the playground for international business and made it possible for smaller businesses to compete internationally among large and capital intensive companies. Markets become increasingly alike with converging product preferences and changing the world into one large integrated marketplace easily accessible for firms of all sizes. Recent research in the field of International Business has shed light on small firms that rapidly become international market players, called “born globals” (BGs). These firms’ behavior contradicting traditional theory, such as the Uppsala Model, which propose that internationalization is an incremental process where firms must gain market knowledge and psychical distance to markets to internationalize. The Uppsala Model describes internationalization as a relatively resource-demanding process. However, the BGs most often have scarce resources, but still manages to enter several markets simultaneously. Previous studies have focused on manufacturing exporting BGs when investigate this relatively new phenomenon. Yet, little light is shed on BG service firms and their internationalization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the facilitating factors of resource-scarce Internet-based service BGs’ internationalization and barriers connected to it. Thus, this study aims to fill the research field of BG Internet-based service firms with more empirical data. The research questions are formulated as followed: RQ1: What important factors enable internationalization for Swedish born global Internet-based service firms? RQ2: Do the perceived barriers to internationalization for SMEs apply to Swedish born global Internet-based service firms, or are there other barriers present in their internationalization? As a theoretical framework, the researchers have combined three main theories, explicitly the Resource-Based View, Dynamic Capabilities and Business Models. Further, SMEs’ perceived barriers to internationalization are included in the theoretical framework as a sub-theory, to investigate if those barriers apply to BG Internet-based service firms. The researchers have performed a qualitative exploratory multiple-case study including six Swedish companies. The empirical data acquired is presented in a case-by-case structure relating back to the theoretical framework. The data has further been analyzed in a thematic way based on theories using the cross-case analysis technique. From the study, the researchers have found that the most important factors enabling internationalization for Swedish BG Internet-based service firms are an internationally standardized business model, human capital, and the level of dynamic capabilities. Regarding SME’s perceived barriers to internationalization, no clear pattern was found regarding the sample firms’ perceived barriers to internationalization. Which implies that more research is needed in this area.