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Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

A computer simulation program was previously developed by the researcher which determines a theoretically optimal movement pattern for the free throw in wheelchair basketball. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the external validity of the optimization program by examining whether the knowledge of the optimal movement pattern facilitates performance of the free throw in wheelchair basketball. </p><p>In a pilot study, four able-bodied players from the Saskatchewan Wheelchair Basketball Mens Team were invited to participate on one occasion. These participants were videotaped shooting free throws to provide knowledge of an expert wheelchair free throw movement pattern. Using video analysis, it was found that the release conditions used by this group were very similar to those predicted to be optimal. This lent support to the predicted optimal movement pattern being an actual optimal movement pattern for the free throw in wheelchair basketball. In the primary study, thirty-three able-bodied male participants were randomly assigned to three groups: a no-feedback group; a video-feedback group; and an optimal pattern feedback group. The participants performed wheelchair basketball free throw training for three days over one week. The no-feedback group simply shot free throws from a wheelchair, whereas the video-feedback group viewed video of their previous free throws, and the optimal pattern group viewed video of their previous free throws with an optimal free throw pattern superimposed. The participants also completed a pretest one week before and a retention test one week after the training period. </p> <p>A repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences between the three training groups in free throw success in wheelchair basketball over each testing occasion. The statistical analyses indicated that there were no differences in free throw success between the group that had knowledge of their personalized optimal movement pattern when compared to the groups that received either no-feedback or video-feedback (p<0.05). </p> <p>Video analysis revealed that the wheelchair free throw movement pattern of participants in the optimal pattern group changed substantially from the pretest to the post-test. This suggests that the participants in the optimal pattern group were making progress towards their optimal movement patterns, but had not yet mastered the movement pattern.

A computer simulation program was previously developed by the researcher which determines a theoretically optimal movement pattern for the free throw in wheelchair basketball. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the external validity of the optimization program by examining whether the knowledge of the optimal movement pattern facilitates performance of the free throw in wheelchair basketball. </p><p>In a pilot study, four able-bodied players from the Saskatchewan Wheelchair Basketball Mens Team were invited to participate on one occasion. These participants were videotaped shooting free throws to provide knowledge of an expert wheelchair free throw movement pattern. Using video analysis, it was found that the release conditions used by this group were very similar to those predicted to be optimal. This lent support to the predicted optimal movement pattern being an actual optimal movement pattern for the free throw in wheelchair basketball. In the primary study, thirty-three able-bodied male participants were randomly assigned to three groups: a no-feedback group; a video-feedback group; and an optimal pattern feedback group. The participants performed wheelchair basketball free throw training for three days over one week. The no-feedback group simply shot free throws from a wheelchair, whereas the video-feedback group viewed video of their previous free throws, and the optimal pattern group viewed video of their previous free throws with an optimal free throw pattern superimposed. The participants also completed a pretest one week before and a retention test one week after the training period. </p> <p>A repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for significant differences between the three training groups in free throw success in wheelchair basketball over each testing occasion. The statistical analyses indicated that there were no differences in free throw success between the group that had knowledge of their personalized optimal movement pattern when compared to the groups that received either no-feedback or video-feedback (p<0.05). </p> <p>Video analysis revealed that the wheelchair free throw movement pattern of participants in the optimal pattern group changed substantially from the pretest to the post-test. This suggests that the participants in the optimal pattern group were making progress towards their optimal movement patterns, but had not yet mastered the movement pattern.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 242-263). Also available in print.

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No description available.

Global decreases in physical activity levels among youth have been observed over the last decade and physical inactivity is one of the major risk factors associated with leading causes of death and disability. Injury has been found to be the most common reason for attrition from lifelong physical activity among young people. This thesis deals with the promotion of physical activity by addressing the prevention of knee injuries among adolescent basketball players. Basketball is currently thought to be one of the fastest growing sports in South Africa, a sport associated with a high knee injury prevalence and consequence of developing early osteoarthritic changes. There are no published reports on knee injury prevalence among African youth, nor is there a national policy on injury prevention as a mechanism for promoting healthy activity. This thesis reports on several interlinked studies which established injury prevalence and mechanisms, investigating the biomechanics of a major injury mechanism, designed and laboratory tested preventative strategy, and then applied this strategy in a pilot field study. / The first stage of this study involved a retrospective survey of young South African basketball players (n=458). A questionnaire captured information on injuries sustained during the previous season. The probability of sustaining a knee injury was significantly greater than sustaining an injury to another body part or no injury combined (OR: 1.3:95% CL 1.1-1.5). The most common injury mechanism among both boys and girls was landing badly from a jump and approximately one third of the knee injuries (37.5%) were sustained as a result of landing badly. / The second stage of the study, a biomechanical analysis of landing strategies of matched knee injured and uninjured adolescent basketball players (n=22) was conducted using a three-dimensional, six-camera Vicon motion analysis system and force plate. The injured and uninjured players were matched for gender, age, anthropometrics, basketball experience and had to play for the same club. A strong positive correlation (0.49: p<0.01) was found between the maximum ground reaction force and the average injury score of the case subjects. The control players had significantly deeper knee flexion angles than the cases on landing (p=0.01). Injured players also demonstrated significantly less eccentric activity on landing compared to the uninjured players (p<0.01). / The third stage of the study was to develop a neuromuscular exercise program to prevent injuries from landing, based on the biomechanical analysis of the landing data. Currently these types of exercise programs have the most promising evidence in the prevention of knee injuries. The rationale of these programs are based on improving feed-forward mechanisms of motor control, thereby decreasing the motor response time, enabling dynamic joint stability to prevent injuries during high speed dynamic tasks such as landing. Biomechanical validation of the resultant exercise program suggested that it would be effective in improving landing technique of uninjured male adolescent basketball players with respect to reducing peak ground reaction forces (p<0.01), improved knee flexion angles (p<0.01) and improved negative work (p<0.01). / The final stage of the project was to employ health promotion principles in an on-field validation of the exercise program and highlighted the complexities of introducing such a program into real-life training situations. The preliminary results from this aspect of the study demonstrated a decrease in knee injury prevalence. The importance of qualitative information in implementing preventative strategies in ensuring the success of the program implementation and compliance from players, coaches and players was also highlighted. / This study proposes recommendations for preventing knee injuries in adolescent South African basketball players and provides ideas for future research into injury prevention in young sports players. / Thesis (PhD)--University of South Australia, 2004.