Internal waves are vertical displacements of stratified water which can propagate a long distance without much energy dissipation. It plays on important role in conveying nutrient from deep ocean to shallower layers, and promoting biological growth. It also affects acoustics, ocean engineering and submarine navigation. Therefore, in the last few years, many scholars have devoted the research of internal waves, especially their generation and transportation in South China Sea. This research discusses the internal wave source, through the Princeton Ocean Model (POM). There are two simulations, one has bigger grid size 3.6km for the whole Luzon Strait in the region, 118¢XE ~123¢XE 18¢XN ~22¢XN, the other has smaller grid of 1.6km, for 118.5¢XE ~123¢XE and 19.5¢XN ~21.5¢XN. The total simulation period is 25 days, The north and south bomdawes use radiation boundary condition, the east side is driven by tidal calculated from WXTide32 model, the west side also uses radiation boundary condition. Three dimensional flow field during May, 2005, is simulated temperature, baroclinic velocity distribution, baroclinic energy flux, Empirical Orthogonal Functio ns (EOF), Fast Fourior transform (FFT), buoyancy frequency and Froude number are all analyzed, The results show that, when tidal current near the Batan island has the stronger baroclinic flow downward to transmit, after through Heng-Chun ridge the baroclinic energy flux to concenter, extrapolated this time possibly produces for internal tide.

This study argues that women's gendered experiences record distinctive features of their subordinate yet resilient positions at home and in society. It portrays the work and lives of selected women in a changing peasant fishing community in the Philippines and suggests directions by which power relations implied in their personal, local, and global lives might be more fully grasped. Despite an underlying perception of 'separate spheres' reflected in such local notions of work as pangabuhi and pangita, the women pragmatically pursue 'public' and market-related roles and activities for the immediate 'private' requirements for their households' sustenance and reproduction. Nevertheless, they are less discerning, and thus, less active in negotiating their strategic interests as women. The recommendations underscore the socially constructed character of gender divisions so demystifying the myths that sustain them. Social development projects that assist but not exacerbate the burdens of rural women are also endorsed.

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Funerary Architecture and Contexts at Batan Urqu, CuscoThe site of Batan Urqu, located in the Huaro Valley, in the province of Quispicanchi, Cusco, was continuously occupied from the Formative Period until European contact. Excavations revealed that during the Middle Horizon a complex of funerary buildings and structures had been constructed within a rectangular area demarcated by a wall. Data recovered by the author from excavations of the Wari funerary complex between August and October of 1992 are provided. The architecture and spatial organization of funerary structures are described, as well as the position of individuals and associated objects. Finally, a series of observations regarding the general burial pattern is presented, and an interpretation of the cultural remains, currently being analyzed, is offered. / El sitio de Batan Urqu, ubicado en el valle de Huaro, provincia de Quispicanchis, Cusco, fue ocupado continuamente desde el periodo Formativo hasta la época del contacto europeo. Las excavaciones realizadas permitieron revelar que durante el Horizonte Medio se construyó un conjunto de edificios y estructuras de uso funerario en un espacio rectangular enmarcado por una muralla. Se proporcionan los datos obtenidos en las excavaciones en el complejo funerario wari llevadas a cabo por el autor entre agosto y octubre de 1992. Se describen la arquitectura y la organización espacial de las estructuras funerarias encontradas, posición de los individuos y los objetos asociados. Finalmente se ofrece una serie de observaciones sobre el patrón funerario y se proponen perspectivas para los análisis de vestigios culturales que en la actualidad se llevan a cabo.

The Sacred Mountains: A Formative Period’s Overview of the Vilcanota Basin, CuzcoThis paper presents new data of the Formative Period in the Vilcanota Basin, accumulated during surface surveys and excavations of the Archaeological Project Huaro. The sites distribution varies in time during the Middle and Late Formative fertile areas when maize and potatoes are preferred by terracing hills and mountains. The excavations at Batan Urqu and Muyu Urqu revealed the existence of sunken courts as part of an ideological-religious system with sacred mountains as connection points, as part of a cognitive map. These new data also point at close connections with the Titicaca area. / Este trabajo presenta nuevas evidencias del Periodo Formativo en la cuenca del río Vilcanota, a raíz de prospecciones y excavaciones dentro del Proyecto Arqueológico Huaro. La distribución de los sitios varía en el tiempo. En el Formativo Medio y Tardío se ubican en las zonas productoras de maíz y papas, sobre colinas y cerros que fueron transformados. Las excavaciones efectuadas en Batan Urqo y Muyu Urqo revelaron restos de patios hundidos como vestigios de un sistema ideológico religioso, en el cual los cerros sagrados fueron sus puntos de conexión, como parte de un mapa geográfico cognitivo. Estas nuevas evidencias descubiertas para la región del Cuzco indican contactos y relaciones estrechas con la región del Titicaca.