A pesquisa tem por objetivo o estudo da arquitetura, dos materiais e das técnicas de construção das casas de banho romanas, conhecidas pelos termos latinos Thermae e Balnea, em seu meio urbano nas três províncias da Península Ibérica - Hispânia Tarraconense, Hispânia Bética e a Hispânia Lusitânia. Para tanto, nos baseamos nas premissas teórico-metodológicas da Arqueologia da Construção e da Arqueologia do Ambiente Construído. Além dos aspectos arquitetônico-construtivos, focalizamos a tecnologia do aquecimento termal em suas mais diferentes instalações estruturais; tecnologia romana de calefação que é conhecida pela literatura arqueológica pelo termo latino hypocaustum. Não obstante, abordamos alguns aspectos socioculturais associados às termas como a prática do evergestismo pelos membros da elite e a romanização como fator de mudança cultural. Ao par disso, tratamos de expor uma síntese sobre o desenvolvimento do urbanismo e a inserção das termas nas cidades. Por fim, analisamos as questões tipológicas e terminológicas com relação às termas romanas. / The research aims to study the architecture, materials and the construction techniques of Roman baths, known by the Latin terms Thermae and Balnea, in their urban areas in the three provinces of the Iberian Peninsula - Hispania Tarraconensis, Hispania Baetica and Hispania Lusitania. To this end, we rely on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of the Archaeology of Construction and the Archaeology of the Built Environment. In addition to the architectural-construction aspects, we focus on the thermal heating technology in its various structural facilities; Roman heating technology which is known in archaeological literature by the Latin term hypocaustum. Also, we address sociocultural aspects associated with baths such as the practice of evergestism by members of the elite and the romanization as a factor of cultural change. Next, we present a summary about the development of urbanism and the insertion of the baths in the cities. Finally, we analyze the typology and terminology issues regarding baths.

The diploma thesis deals with the subsequent bed care with the help of physiotherapy, which is a deplorable deficit in the Czech Republic. The location on the Red Hill is convenient from the point of view of availability, it is situated between the two largest hospitals in Brno next to a road that will be connected in the future. At the same time, it is located in a quiet environment with attractive views of the Yellow Hill and Špilberk Castle.

The diploma thesis deals strategy for reconversion of the former spa by Bohuslav Fuchs in the Uherské Hradiště. Phase strategy: 0. PR spa, 1. Temporary galleries, 2. Clean and conservation , 3. New layer-creative incubator.

Peace in the shadow of the trees. A spring coming up from depths. The spa park is an island at the edge of the town. It is the highest value of its surroundings. That is why I place the volume of the spa on the side of the park along the road. There is a promenade connecting the constituent elements of the building. Full, heavy masses alternate with airy and bright ones. The park grows through the buildings, and in this way the spa and the park become closely intertwined. The interweaving of the built and the natural as the central theme of the project.

what follows is a relatively concise attempt at designing a place that would contain spaces of quietude, solitude and interaction through architectural qualities such as light and shadow, mass and void along with materials and layering. enjoyable and relaxing spaces that would last in one's memory. Hoping that these qualities would engrave a beautiful mark on one's soul even when they are no longer at that place. a complex of thermal baths in the city of isfahan, iran, a city rich in culture, made this exploration of mine pursuable and possible. / Master of Architecture

Cheng Pak Chiu Lemuel. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1999-2000, design report." / project synopsis --- p.4 / Chapter i/ --- background --- p.10 / "my first moment, personal experience I" --- p.12 / urban intricacy --- p.13 / fluidiy of mass (people) --- p.14 / transience of time --- p.15 / flooding --- p.17 / notes: flooding --- p.18 / Chapter ii/ --- paradox --- p.20 / to go with it? --- p.22 / notes: bernard tschumi / body in shadow --- p.24 / notes: time --- p.25 / notes: time --- p.27 / notes: film --- p.29 / the evaporation --- p.30 / the value --- p.31 / urban paradox? --- p.32 / my scope --- p.32 / personal experience II: an electrical failure --- p.33 / what if?... --- p.33 / Chapter iii/ --- inquiry --- p.34 / "momentary ""darkness""" --- p.38 / notes --- p.39 / [frag]miliarity --- p.42 / the spirit of intricacy --- p.44 / the possiblity of body --- p.45 / the possibility of time --- p.47 / "other ""darkness""" / notes: --- p.48 / konnonji temple in japan --- p.49 / "Exodous, competition entry, Rem Koolhaas" --- p.50 / "Laban Center for Movement and Dance, Peter Zumthor" --- p.51 / Chapter iv/ --- translation --- p.52 / Tanslation into program --- p.54 / concept I between --- p.55 / concept II within --- p.57 / program(s): urban columbaria + public bath --- p.60 / s.o. program (provisioinal) --- p.61 / users --- p.62 / client --- p.64 / other possible programs? --- p.66 / urban / site / where? --- p.68 / district I: sheung wan / central --- p.69 / district II: tsim sha tsui --- p.73 / district III: causeway bay --- p.77 / my choice --- p.81 / Chapter v/ --- appedix --- p.82 / bibliographies --- p.83 / review 1 --- p.84 / "paper ""architectural from spontaneous, a phenomal sense in Hong Kong""" --- p.85 / diaglogue with instructor --- p.90 / amendment and responses --- p.96

Scholarship on late antique cities has largely conceptualized them as singular entities, either decaying or transitioning as Roman imperial power and economic structures shifted. Improved archaeological data from urban sites, accompanied by a number of broad synthetic studies, now allow for fresh exploration of the details of urbanism in this transformative era. This study examines the ways that a select group of public buildings were used and reused in the Mediterranean West between 300 and 600 CE. This examination is primarily carried out through the collection of a broad catalogue of archaeological evidence (supplemented with epigraphic and literary testimony) for the constructions, work projects, abandonments and reuses of key public monuments across the Western Mediterranean region—principally Italy, southern Gaul, Spain, and North Africa west of Cyrenaica. This broad survey is augmented with case studies on select cities. Such an analysis of the late antique histories of baths, aqueducts, and spectacle buildings (theaters, amphitheaters, and circuses) shows that each of the building types had a distinct history and that public monuments were not a unitary group. It also reveals unexpectedly few regional trends, suggesting that these histories were broadly common across the West. Further, this study shows that each building type was reused differently, both in terms of purposes and chronology. Finally, by considering economic, technological, cultural and legal factors affecting patterns of use, abandonment and reuse, this study establishes that the primary cause for the transformations to public building was largely a change in euergetistic practices in late antiquity. Cities with access to imperial or other governmental patronage used and maintained their public monuments longer than those without. Together these observations demonstrate the complexities of urban change in this period and prove that the idea of a single pattern of decline in late antique cities is no longer tenable.

O comportamento eletroquímico do aço inoxidável 304 foi estudado em meios de ácido sulfúrico a várias temperaturas, utilizando reagentes de diferentes graus de pureza, na ausência e presença de benzotriazol (BTAH). Foram feitos ensaios gravimétricos, medidas de potencial de circuito aberto e curvas de polarização potenciostática anódicas e catódicas e análise dos produtos de corrosão por espectrometria de emissão atômica. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a performance do BTAH como inibidor em banhos de decapagem industriais de H2SO4. O BTAH mostrou-se um inibidor efetivo para o aço 304 em toda a faixa de concentração de ácido e temperatura estudadas. A eficiência do inibidor- decresce com o aumento de temperatura e da concentração de H2SO4. O filme inibidor obedece à isoterma de Langmuir, tanto a 28,0 °C quanto 70,0°C, e os valores de energia livre de adsorção sugerem adsorção química. As impurezas presentes nos reagentes exercem pouco efeito na eficiência do inibidor. Estudos potenciostáticos mostraram que o BTAH é um inibidor anódico em toda a faixa de potencial e temperatura estudadas. Do ponto de vista tecnológico, os resultados mais importantes são: o BTAH inibe o processo de corrosão do aço, mas não impede a dissolução dos óxidos (carepa); o BTAH não promove dissolução seletiva dos elementos de liga. / The electrochemical behaviour of 304 stainless steel in sulfuric acid media containing benzotriazole (BTAH), was studied at different temperatures, using reagents of different purity grades. Weight loss experiments, open circuit potential measurements, anodic and cathodic potentiostatic polarisation curves and corrosion product analysis by atomic emission spectrometry were made. This study had as objective to evaluate the BTAH perfonnance as corrosion inhibitor in H2SO4 pick1ing baths. BTAH showed to be an effective inhibitor for 304 SS on the entire range of acid concentration and at alI studied temperatures . Inhibitor efficiency decreases as the temperature or acid concentration mcrease. The inhibitive film obeys to Langmuir isothenn, at 28,0 °C as well at 70,0 °C, and free energy adsorption values suggest chemical adsorption. The impurities present in the reagents have little effect on the inhibitor efficiency. Potentiostatic studies have shown that BTAH is an anodic inhibitor on the entire range of potential and at alI studied temperatures. The principal result for pickling baths aplication are that BTAR prevents the steel corrosion, but it does not avoid the scale dissolution and it does not promote selective steel dissolution.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo investigar os banhos e as práticas balneárias públicas no Egito do século I a.C. ao século VI d.C., procurando detectar que modificações foram introduzidas pelo conquistador romano. Este contingente trouxe consigo hábitos culturais consolidados durante séculos em que estabelecera suas próprias práticas e desenvolvera técnicas construtivas e inovações tecnológicas, fruto de influências variadas e iniciativas locais resultantes de sua expansão colonial. Ao se estabelecerem no Egito anexado como província, os romanos encontraram uma cultura balneária solidamente enraizada, tão ou mais antiga que a sua, em consequência da conquista macedônica trezentos anos antes. O que vemos nos séculos seguintes é um movimento contínuo de manutenções e rupturas, em que uma população crescentemente \"romanizada\" adotou e descartou seletivamente práticas, feições e inovações técnicas, enquanto manteve hábitos tradicionais. Os edifícios balneários no Egito revelam que algumas destas práticas perduraram em seu território por mais tempo do que em qualquer outra província, e materializam escolhas feitas a nível local. Pretendemos demonstrar como, em sua arquitetura e em suas formas de banhar-se, os numerosos banhos públicos no Egito configuram uma prática cotidiana generalizada, amplamente adotada por uma população multiétnica e socialmente heterogênea, que contribuiu para lhes dar as feições híbridas que os distinguem, e que culminaram na geração de um modelo regional original e único. / This dissertation aims to investigate baths and bathing practices in Egypt from the 1st century BC to the 6th century AD, in order to determine which changes were introduced by the Roman conquerors. The Romans brought with them cultural habits formed over centuries, during which time they developed their own practices, building techniques and technological innovations, developed further during their colonial expansion. When they annexed Egypt, they encountered a solidly rooted bathing culture of similar or greater antiquity to their own, established following the Macedonian conquest three hundred years earlier. The picture which emerges over the following centuries is one of a constant movement of continuity and rupture, whereby the increasingly \"Romanised\" population selectively adopted and discarded practices, features and technical improvements, while retaining traditional habits. Egyptian baths show that some of these practices were kept alive on that territory far longer than on any other province, embodying choices made locally. We propose to demonstrate how - in their architecture and bathing forms - the numerous public baths of Egypt translate a generalised everyday practice, amply adopted by a multi-ethnical and socially heterogeneous population, who contributed towards the hybrid features which distinguish them, and which ultimately generated an original and unique regional model.

Comprehensive studies are needed to better understand the original acoustical features of historical baths in order to uncover the historical technologies that enabled the acoustical performance for which they are renowned and to ensure they retain this performance with time. In this study, acoustic performances of Seng&uuml / l Hamami and Kadi Hamami, two 15th century historical baths belonging to the Ottoman period, were examined to discover their original acoustical features and to assess their present situation by taking into consideration the recent incompatible repair work. The analyses were done by using 3D computer modeling and acoustical simulation methods supported by laboratory analyses. The results were evaluated in terms of sound absorption characteristics of historical lime-based plasters, the original acoustical features of historical Turkish baths and acoustical failures related to recent repairs. The study showed that these baths had originally well-designed acoustical features provide for a proper environment for musical performances. This success was attributed to the conscious use of historical materials having high sound absorption characteristics. It was seen that these original acoustical features had been destroyed by wrong repairs using cement-based plasters. These plasters demonstrated incompatible acoustical properties, such as less porosity and lower sound absorption coefficients. This study also helped to define acoustical specifications for such historical baths to be maintained in restoration work.