When I walk over Hatteras Island, I experience three things: the sand beneath my feet, the Ocean toward the East, and the Sound toward the West. Each has different qualities yet all three can be experienced simultaneously. It is my intention not to obstruct this connection, but rather to accentuate it. I will design a dwelling that will tie the sand, the Ocean, and the Sound together. It will be a reflection of the qualities of each of these natural elements. The dwelling will take on the characteristics of a screen, with many different levels of permeability, while providing the necessary amount of livable space. / Master of Architecture

Title: Participant satisfaction of Pankrác winter league in beach volleyball survey Objectives: The aim of this work is to use the survey to find out participant satisfaction with current sason of Winter league. Furthermore, based on the results of questionnaire analyze main results of decrease in the number of players compared to the last seasons and to purpose a improvements to increase those numbers, quality of competition and the participant satisfaction. Methods: Quantitative research using electronic questioning Results: Participants are most satisfied with the cleanliness and the Pankrác grounds. Also a quality of their opponents and the number of played matches are considered to be good. They find the biggest problem in starting fee that i stoo expensive. Based on the results it was recommended to lower the price, change the game systém little bit and modify prizes for winners. Keywords: Beach volleyball, Pankrac, Winter league, satisfaction

O Beach Tennis é uma variante do Tênis de Campo nascido na Itália durante a década de 1970 e combina características de vários outros esportes. Inicialmente, era apenas uma atividade de lazer praticada nas praias. Em 1996 ganha seu primeiro conjunto de regras e passa a ser praticado como esporte. No ano de 2008 chega ao Brasil e rapidamente começa a ser difundido, primeiro pelo litoral e na sequência para o interior do país. É neste contexto que este trabalho analisou a introdução e o desenvolvimento do Beach Tennis na cidade de Araraquara sob o ponto de vista de seis participantes deste processo. A pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo pautada na Teoria Fundamentada como método escolhido. Este fenômeno representa um recorte da introdução e do desenvolvimento do Beach Tennis no Brasil, justificando por isso a construção de um estudo de natureza exploratória que aprofunde a nossa compreensão e que possa ser referencial teórico para estudos futuros sobre a modalidade. Foram encontradas duas grandes categorias, a categoria do Acesso e a categoria da Motivação, e que juntas, formam o eixo central que permitiu a ocorrência do fenômeno estudado. Os depoentes entendem que a modalidade tornou-se parte integrante do seu cotidiano e também de seus familiares, sendo esses praticantes ou não, e que pela prática do Beach Tennis eles têm obtido uma melhor qualidade de vida, que uma nova cultura esportiva pode ser aceita e inserida progressivamente e que todo este fenômeno tende a continuar se depender da vontade deles. Os depoentes também entendem que o fenômeno depende do esforço dos agentes facilitadores, que por sua vez, são dependentes da ocorrência de situações favoráveis. / The Beach Tennis is a variant of the Tennis born in Italy during the decade of 70 and it mixes characteristics of several other sports. Initially it was just a leisure activity practiced on the beaches. In 1996 won it´s first set of rules and started to be practiced as a sport. In 2008, it arrives in Brazil and soon begins to be spread, first by the coast and then to the interior of the country. It is in this context that this work analyzed the introduction and development of Beach Tennis in the city of Araraquara from the point of view of six participants of this process. The research was of qualitative character based on the Grounded Theory as chosen method. Two major categories were found, the \"Access\" category and the \"Motivation\" category and together they formed the central axis that allowed the occurrence of the phenomenon studied. This phenomenon represents a cut in the introduction and development of Beach Tennis in Brazil, justifying the construction of an exploratory study that deepens our understanding and that can be a theoretical reference for future studies on the modality. The deponents understand that the modality has become an integral part of their daily life and also of their families, regardless of whether they are practicing or not, and that by practicing Beach Tennis they have obtained a better quality of life, that a new sports culture can be accepted and progressively inserted and that all this phenomenon tends to continue if it depends on their will. The deponents also understand that the phenomenon depends on the effort of the facilitating agents, who are dependent on the occurrence of favorable situations.

O Beach Tennis é uma variante do Tênis de Campo nascido na Itália durante a década de 1970 e combina características de vários outros esportes. Inicialmente, era apenas uma atividade de lazer praticada nas praias. Em 1996 ganha seu primeiro conjunto de regras e passa a ser praticado como esporte. No ano de 2008 chega ao Brasil e rapidamente começa a ser difundido, primeiro pelo litoral e na sequência para o interior do país. É neste contexto que este trabalho analisou a introdução e o desenvolvimento do Beach Tennis na cidade de Araraquara sob o ponto de vista de seis participantes deste processo. A pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo pautada na Teoria Fundamentada como método escolhido. Este fenômeno representa um recorte da introdução e do desenvolvimento do Beach Tennis no Brasil, justificando por isso a construção de um estudo de natureza exploratória que aprofunde a nossa compreensão e que possa ser referencial teórico para estudos futuros sobre a modalidade. Foram encontradas duas grandes categorias, a categoria do Acesso e a categoria da Motivação, e que juntas, formam o eixo central que permitiu a ocorrência do fenômeno estudado. Os depoentes entendem que a modalidade tornou-se parte integrante do seu cotidiano e também de seus familiares, sendo esses praticantes ou não, e que pela prática do Beach Tennis eles têm obtido uma melhor qualidade de vida, que uma nova cultura esportiva pode ser aceita e inserida progressivamente e que todo este fenômeno tende a continuar se depender da vontade deles. Os depoentes também entendem que o fenômeno depende do esforço dos agentes facilitadores, que por sua vez, são dependentes da ocorrência de situações favoráveis. / The Beach Tennis is a variant of the Tennis born in Italy during the decade of 70 and it mixes characteristics of several other sports. Initially it was just a leisure activity practiced on the beaches. In 1996 won it´s first set of rules and started to be practiced as a sport. In 2008, it arrives in Brazil and soon begins to be spread, first by the coast and then to the interior of the country. It is in this context that this work analyzed the introduction and development of Beach Tennis in the city of Araraquara from the point of view of six participants of this process. The research was of qualitative character based on the Grounded Theory as chosen method. Two major categories were found, the \"Access\" category and the \"Motivation\" category and together they formed the central axis that allowed the occurrence of the phenomenon studied. This phenomenon represents a cut in the introduction and development of Beach Tennis in Brazil, justifying the construction of an exploratory study that deepens our understanding and that can be a theoretical reference for future studies on the modality. The deponents understand that the modality has become an integral part of their daily life and also of their families, regardless of whether they are practicing or not, and that by practicing Beach Tennis they have obtained a better quality of life, that a new sports culture can be accepted and progressively inserted and that all this phenomenon tends to continue if it depends on their will. The deponents also understand that the phenomenon depends on the effort of the facilitating agents, who are dependent on the occurrence of favorable situations.

The beach profiles pre-and post-the Hurricane Hermine (2016) and Irma (2017) along the Sand Key barrier island were collected to quantify longshore variations in storm induced beach changes as well as to compare the beach changes caused by hydrodynamic conditions of the two different hurricanes. Cross-shore beach profile are examined in 4 sections including dune field, dry beach, sand bar and whole beach to calculate beach change. The volume change for each section and shoreline contour change before and post the hurricane was computed. Hydrodynamic conditions were obtained from adjacent NOAA’s tide and wave gauges. Both hurricanes generated high offshore waves, with Hurricane Hermine generated waves mostly from southwest, and Irma generated waves dominantly from northeast. Hurricane Hermine generated a storm surge of up to 1 m. While hurricane Irma generated negative surge of -1.1 m. Several beach profile parameters such as the foreshore slope, as well as volume changes of dune field, dry beach and sand bar induced by the two hurricanes were computed. Under both storms, the foreshore slope became steeper after the storm north of the headland, while the foreshore slope became gentler south of the headland. Storm surge plays an important role in inducing beach erosion. Hurricane Hermine with 1 m surge caused significant dune erosion in terms of dune volume loss and dune line retreat. On the other hand, hurricane Irma with negative surge only caused minor dune erosion. Sand bar moved seaward during both hurricanes, with Irma induced a much greater offshore movement than that of Hermine. In addition, the sand bar height decreased significantly during Irma. In contrast, during Hermine the sand bar height remained largely similar before and after the storm. Large alongshore variations in beach erosion was observed during both hurricanes as influenced by background erosion rate and direction of incident waves as they approaching the curved shoreline. For both storms, the erosional hot spot at North Sand Key with the highest background erosion rate suffered the most sand loss over the entire profile. More sand was eroded from the dry beach along the broad headland than along the beaches both north and south of it. Corresponding to the higher volume of dry beach erosion, shoreline retreat was also the largest around the headland. During Hurricane Hermine, the headland sheltering of the southerly approaching waves resulted in more erosion to the south than to the north. The opposite happened during Hurricane Irma with northerly approaching wave. More erosion occurred to the north of the headland than that to the south. Systematic measurement of beach profile beach and after hurricanes can improve our understanding on beach morphodynamics on storm induced beach changes.

With increasing demands on environmental protection in recent years, the Government agency concerned has recently proposed the strategies for shore protection and management, which aim for prevention and mitigation of coastal disaster and reduction in coastal erosion, as well as the creation of an environment with focus on landscape, ecology and community recreation. Soft and quasi-natural approach will be implemented to restore the glory of a stable coast. Based on the consideration of disaster prevention, this study investigates the beach profile changes, which include beach berm erosion and bar formation resulting from storm waves with different return periods. The SBEACH model is used to estimate the beach changes subject to variable conditions of beach berm width, medium sand grain diameter, beach slope and design water level etc. Regression analysis is then applied to establish a relationship between the storm beach buffer width and relevant physical parameters. Prior to this, the results of large wave tank tests on beach profile changes conducted by Coastal Engineering Research Center in the United States are used to calibrate the two main parameters K and £` used in SBEACH model. Beach profile changes can now be estimated systematically using a set of modified K and £` values. After having performed a series numerical studies, we may conclude that: (1) With storms of different return periods but identical non-dimensional fall velocity (H0/£sT), berm erosion increases and the location of the bar becomes further offshore as storm return period increases ; (2) With different sand grain sizes subject to identical storm wave conditions, beach berm erosion increases as grain size increased, but shoreline retreat decreases; and location of bar is further offshore for a beach consisting smaller sand grains; (3) Under the same storm return period and sand grain diameter (i.e., similar non-dimensional fall velocity), berm erosion increases as storm intensity and design water level increase, but shoreline retreat decreases and bar is located nearer; and vice versa; (4) from a series of calculations based on different sand grains and storm beach buffer width, it is found that larger buffer is required for beach with smaller grain size, in order to absorb the storm wave energy.

No description available.

Accumulations of seagrass, macroalgae and other matter, collectively known as wrack, commonly occur on many sandy beaches, and can play an important role in coastal and nearshore ecosystems. Despite this, wrack removal from sandy beaches is a widespread and increasingly common practice globally, and there is little information regarding the ecological effects of such wrack removal on sandy beaches. The aim of this thesis was to establish the ecological importance of wrack in South Australian (SA) sandy-beach ecosystems. As a first step in furthering our understanding of the effects of wrack removal, I aimed to assess the importance of wrack, independent of the effects of wrack removal. The second over-riding aim of this thesis was to assess the ecological effects of wrack removal on aspects of these systems. To date, the methods used for quantifying the size of wrack deposits on sandy beaches have had limited use due to the time and expertise required to conduct thorough sampling. In Chapter 2, I thus tested the accuracy of a rapid “photopoint” method to visually estimate percentage wrack cover as well as provide an archived record. Comparisons of results obtained from conventional transects with those from photopoints indicated that the photopoint technique can be used to rapidly and accurately estimate % wrack cover on sandy beaches. The photopoint method has a wide range of potential applications and represents a valuable advance in the field. Currently our knowledge of the amounts and types of wrack on SA shores is limited, despite these accumulations being a feature of some SA beaches. Wrack deposits in three biogeographical regions of SA were thus repeatedly surveyed to assess spatial (between and within regions) and temporal (seasonal and inter-annual) variation (Chapter 2). Both wrack cover and the composition of wrack deposits varied spatially and temporally. Wrack deposits contained a diverse array of seagrass, algal, other biotic materials and anthropogenic debris. The South East region of SA had distinctly-different wrack deposits compared to the Metropolitan and Fleurieu Peninsula regions; in general, the cover of wrack was higher, and the diversity and biomass of kelps, red algae and green algae was higher in this region compared to the other two regions. South Australian wrack deposits are thus dynamic and complex. The amount of wrack deposited and retained on a beach may be affected by the beach morphology but, to date, few studies have investigated this link. I assessed wrack cover on beaches with a range of morphodynamic types and found that beaches that were more dissipative in nature had a greater cover of wrack than beaches of the reflective type. I also examined whether wrack deposits affected the sediment characteristics of underlying and nearby sediments. Wrack deposits had little measurable effect on underlying sediments and did not affect particle-size distribution or organic-matter content. There was, however, a trend for beaches in the South East region of SA to have higher organic matter content in their sediments, and these beaches also have higher wrack cover and higher proportions of algae in their deposits. There was also a trend for beaches with higher wrack cover to have less compacted sediments, although this trend was not consistent. Overnight pit-fall trapping surveys of the macrofauna on four SA sandy beaches indicated that local macrofaunal communities were diverse (representing 72 species from 19 Orders in total), abundant, and variable in both time and space. The macrofauna encountered were mostly terrestrial taxa with only 2 truly marine species, and spanned multiple trophic levels, concurring with the results of previous studies. Macrofaunal abundances were higher where associated with wrack than in bare sand, and macrofaunal communities differed between the driftline of wrack and wrack patches away from the driftline. Within the driftline itself, there were few differences between bare sand and wrack-covered areas, suggesting that the entire driftline area is important as a habitat and food resource. Thus, wrack deposits provide an important habitat and food source for macrofauna, and the driftline provides an area of beach with concentrated resources, which in turn concentrates a distinct macrofaunal community. Wrack deposition on sandy beaches varies spatially and is affected by morphological features on the beach-face such as cusps. In Chapter 5, I thus tested a series of hypotheses regarding the differences in wrack deposits, sediments and macrofaunal communities between cusp bays and horns. Bays had greater cover and larger pieces of wrack than horns. Sediment organic-matter content was greater on horns than in bays but mean particle size did not differ consistently between bays and horns. Macrofaunal diversity was higher in bays and this pattern was probably driven by differences in the cover of wrack between bays and horns. Cusp morphology thus influences the distribution of wrack on the beach-face, which in turn influences the distribution of macrofauna. Studies of sandy beaches with cusps should therefore be explicitly designed to sample cusp features and their associated wrack deposits. Chapter 6 assesses the incorporation of wrack into beach and nearshore ecosystems via two pathways: decomposition and incorporation into trophic webs. I assessed the decomposition of algal and seagrass wrack using litterbag experiments and found that after a very rapid initial loss of mass, likely due to cell lysis and leaching, the rate of decomposition of wrack was much slower. Most release of nutrients from organic matter decay thus appears to occur in the first few days after deposition and the processes affecting the rate and nature of wrack decomposition vary among taxa (i.e. algal versus seagrass and among species). Stable isotopes of C and N were used to assess whether beach macrofauna or nearshore macro-invertebrates and fish might rely on wrack as a source of nutrition. I found that seagrasses did not provide a food source for any consumers but algae, particularly brown algae including kelps, appeared to be potential sources of nutrition for beach and nearshore consumers. The incorporation of wrack into beach and nearshore ecosystems may thus occur primarily through consumption of algal wrack by herbivores such as amphipods and dipterans, with predation on them being important pathways for the transfer of nutrients and energy into higher trophic levels. The amount of wrack in the surf zone did not affect the abundance and species richness of fish and invertebrates netted there. The aim of Chapter 7 was to determine the effects of wrack removal on sandy beach macrofaunal communities. In the first study the effects of large-scale commercial harvest of wrack on the macrofaunal communities at Kingston were assessed. The macrofaunal communities present in the ‘Natural’ area of Kingston beach were far more diverse and abundant, and included different species, compared to the ‘Cleared’ area at Kingston. In the second part of Chapter 7, I experimentally removed wrack from the driftline of beaches to assess short-term effects on macrofaunal communities. The experimental treatment did not appear to have any measurable effects on the macrofaunal communities. I also analysed material that was removed from the beach in the raking experiments and found that a large proportion of the material (e.g. 81% of the DW) was sand. I recommend that future studies into the effects of wrack removal use large cleared areas of beach, attempt to use the same wrack removal methods and/or machinery used locally, and assess the macrofaunal communities repeatedly and over longer times following wrack removal activities. In Chapter 8, I attempt to assess the effects of removal of wrack for beach ‘cleaning’ or commercial ‘harvest’ of wrack by comparing key indicators from Chapters 2 to 7. Implications and recommendations for the management of wrack are discussed, including with regard to the techniques used in this thesis and their applicability in managing wrack deposits. I attempt to identify the shortcomings of this research as well as directions for further research. Thus I have demonstrated that wrack in SA provides an important link between offshore habitat and nearshore, beach and terrestrial habitats via the transfer of organic matter and nutrients. Wrack interacts with beach morphology and sediments, provides habitat for macrofauna, remineralises nutrients through its decomposition, and provides the basis of a complex trophic web. I conclude that wrack is a key component in beach ecosystems.

Thesis (D.Min.)--South Florida Center for Theological Studies, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Hons.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.