A design study of beam dumps is presented for the 40 MeV superconducting Electron-Linearaccelerator ELBE. Nuclear physical and thermal properties of selected materials are considered. Energy deposition and neutron production were calculated for a special design of the beam dump. For those Monte-Carlo simulations the particle transport rogram packages GEANT, MCNP and FLUKA have been used. The expected activation under beam conditions was estimated for selected dump materials.

A design study of beam dumps is presented for the 40 MeV superconducting Electron-Linearaccelerator ELBE. Nuclear physical and thermal properties of selected materials are considered. Energy deposition and neutron production were calculated for a special design of the beam dump. For those Monte-Carlo simulations the particle transport rogram packages GEANT, MCNP and FLUKA have been used. The expected activation under beam conditions was estimated for selected dump materials.

Plasma-based accelerators offer the potential to achieve accelerating gradients orders of magnitude higher than are typical in conventional accelerators. A Plasma Accelerator Research Station has been proposed using the CLARA accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory. In this thesis, theory and the results of particle-in-cell simulations are presented investigating experiments that could be conducted using CLARA as well as the preceding VELA and CLARA Front End. Plasma wakefield acceleration was found to be viable with both CLARA and CLARA Front End, with accelerating gradients of GV/m and 100 MV/m scale respectively. Drive-witness and tailored bunch structures based on the CLARA bunch were also investigated. Plasma focus- ing of the VELA and CLARA Front End bunches was studied in simulations, showing that substantial focusing gradient could be achieved using a passive plasma lens. A plasma beam dump scheme using varying plasma density is also presented. This scheme allows the performance of a passive plasma beam dump to be maintained as the bunch is decelerated and has some advantages over a previously proposed method.

This dissertation deals with the neutrino fluxes that come from charm decays in hadronic collisions in beam dump and collider experiments. The specific focus is on the beam dump experiment SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) and the collider experiment LHC (Large Hadron Collider). Based on the HVQMNRPHO computer program, the next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD (pQCD) calculation is performed for charm quark. Two nonperturbative effects, the initial transverse momentum and fragmentation are modeled by a Gaussian function and the Peterson fragmentation function, respectively. The parameters in these two models are determined by comparisons with the experimental data. The distributions of charm hadrons $D_s^-$, $D^-$, $D^0$ and $\Lambda_c^-$ are thus obtained. By considering the full 3-Dimensional kinematics of the charm hadron decays in the hadron rest frame and then Lorentz transforming to the lab frame, the tau neutrino and muon neutrino fluxes are obtained. The number of neutrino charged current (CC) events at the neutrino detector are evaluated for SHiP and the LHC. The NLO pQCD evaluation predicts about 300 tau neutrino and antineutrino events for SHiP which is much higher than the number of tau neutrino events observed already at OPERA (Oscillation Project with Emulsion-tRacking Apparatus) and DONuT (Direct observation of the nu tau), and thus provides the potential to study the tau neutrino interactions with high statistics. An estimate of the possible intrinsic charm production has been performed for SHiP which may make its presence in the hadron and neutrino specta. Hundreds of tau neutrino and antineutrino events per year per kilogram of lead are achievable for a very far-forward neutrino detector at the LHC.

Beam dumps are installed at the experimental areas of the ELBE facility. Their purpose is to absorb the primary electron beam and the secondary radiation. The beam dump consists of a purified graphite core inside a water cooled stainless steel vessel. The radiation shield surrounding the beam dump will be designed individually for each experimental area. In this context, dose rate calculations were carried out to estimate the dose rate source term around the stainless steel vessel of the beam dump. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using the code FLUKA. The energy dependent photon and neutron fluences and the equivalent dose rates were obtained near the surface of the cylindrical steel vessel for a beam current of 1 mA and energies of 20 MeV and 50 MeV.

Beam dumps are installed at the experimental areas of the ELBE facility. Their purpose is to absorb the primary electron beam and the secondary radiation. The beam dump consists of a purified graphite core inside a water cooled stainless steel vessel. The radiation shield surrounding the beam dump will be designed individually for each experimental area. In this context, dose rate calculations were carried out to estimate the dose rate source term around the stainless steel vessel of the beam dump. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations were carried out using the code FLUKA. The energy dependent photon and neutron fluences and the equivalent dose rates were obtained near the surface of the cylindrical steel vessel for a beam current of 1 mA and energies of 20 MeV and 50 MeV.