This item was digitized as part of the Million Books Project led by Carnegie Mellon University and supported by grants from the National Science Foundation (NSF). Cornell University coordinated the participation of land-grant and agricultural libraries in providing historical agricultural information for the digitization project; the University of Arizona Libraries, the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, and the Office of Arid Lands Studies collaborated in the selection and provision of material for the digitization project.

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Typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of daily (D) vs alternate day (AD) supplementation of soybean meal (SBM) or wheat middlings (WM) on forage organic matter intake (OMI), ruminal digesta kinetics, total tract digestibility, and ADG of steers consuming low quality forage. In Exp. 1, five Angus x Hereford steers (403 �� 32 kg) fitted with rumen cannulas were utilized in a 5 x 5 Latin square design. Steers were individually fed low-quality (5.3% CP) fescue hay ad libitum and were randomly assigned to one of five treatments: no supplement (CON); WM fed daily (WMD); WM fed every other day (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM fed every other day (SBMAD). Supplements were formulated to meet 100% of degradable intake protein (DIP) and metabolizable protein (MP) requirements. Supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total OMI (g���kg��������BW�����) and total OM digestibility (%) compared to CON. Daily supplementation increased (P<0.05) hay and total OMI and hay and total OM digestibility when compared with AD supplementation. Hay OMI and hay OM digestibility was greater (P<0.01) for SBM compared to WM, but total OMI and total OM digestibility was not different (P>0.38). In Exp. 2, 96 Angus crossbred steers (280 �� 32 kg) were blocked by weight (three groups) into 12 pens in a randomized complete block design. Steers were fed low-quality (6.2% CP) fescue straw ad libitum, and one of four supplements formulated to meet 100% of the DIP requirements: WM fed daily (WMD); WM fed 3d/week (WMAD); SBM fed daily (SBMD); and SBM fed 3d/week (SBMAD). Straw OMI was greater (P<0.03) for D compared with AD supplemented treatments and for SBM compared with WM supplemented treatments. Total OMI was greater (P<0.01) for D compared with AD supplemented treatments, however, SBM had similar total OMI when compared with WM supplemented treatments. Daily supplemented steers had greater (P=0.03) ADG when compared with AD supplemented steers. Despite having lower forage intake and similar total OMI, steers consuming WM had higher (P<0.01) ADG when compared to steers consuming SBM. / Graduation date: 2003

Graduation date: 1998

Graduation date: 1971

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_mb_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 430496 bytes, checksum: 854b1663c5c8ab5aaf809c07b751b003 (MD5) / Foi realizada avaliação da técnica dos isótopos estáveis de carbono em comparação ao indicador externo óxido de cromo (Cr2O3), aliados ao indicador interno fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi), na estimativa de consumo de bovinos em pastejo recebendo suplementação na fase de terminação. Foram utilizados 36 bovinos de corte da raça Guzerá, 18 machos e 18 fêmeas, com 20 meses de idade e média de peso vivo inicial de 358,18 kg e 317,83 kg, respectivamente, distribuídos em 12 piquetes, sendo 3 animais por piquete. Os animais foram mantidos em pastagem de Brachiaria brizantha (C4) sob método de pastejo de lotação contínua, recebendo suplementação (C3) na fase de terminação. Realizaram-se administrações de Cr2O3 aos animais por período de 10 dias, sendo realizadas nos últimos três dias, coletas de fezes para as análises. Ambas as metodologias possibilitaram estimativas de consumo semelhantes (P >0,05). Houve diferença (P <0,05) na estimativa do consumo de matéria seca entre os machos e fêmeas, sendo o maior consumo correspondente aos machos. Houve alta correlação entre consumo animal e ganho de peso médio diário (r = 0,80), e os valores de consumo e ganho foram menores no período mais crítico da seca, onde a pastagem encontrava-se com reduzida produtividade e qualidade nutricional. A estimativa de consumo do pasto por intermédio dos isótopos de carbono mostra-se viável na experimentação com animais em condições de pastejo, apresentando vantagens quanto a menor interferência ao comportamento animal / We evaluated the carbon stable isotope technique in comparison to the external indicators of chromium oxide (Cr2O3), together with the internal indicators indigestible neutral detergent fiber (NDFi), in estimated of the intake of cattle grazing and supplementation in the finishing phase. Thirty-six Guzerá breed beef cattle (18 males and 18 females) were used, with 20 months old and average initial weight of 358.18 kg and 317.83 kg, respectively, divided into 12 paddocks, 3 animals per paddock. The animals were reared at pasture dominated by Brachiaria brizantha (C4) under grazing continuous method, and supplemented (C3 feed) in the finishing phase. Cr2O3 were applied into animals for 10 days, and the last three days, fecal samples were collected for analysis. Both methodologies enabled similar intake estimates (P >0.05). There were differences (P <0.05) in the estimated dry matter intake between males and females, with the highest intake for males. There was a high correlation between intake and daily weight gain (r = 0.80), and the intake and weight gain values were lower in the most critical dry period, where the pasture had reduced productivity and nutritional quality. The estimate of the pasture intake through the C isotopes provides to be feasible in animal experiments under grazing conditions. Besides, this technique has advantage in terms of less interference to animal behavior