Representando 0,84% do PIB brasileiro, as grandes firmas de carnes trazem uma idiossincrasia com relação à dinâmica de crescimento, quando comparadas com outras do setor. De um lado, sua expansão ocorre a partir da participação acionária de grupos de capital aberto com a composição de diversos agentes, entre eles o Governo, por meio do BNDES e fundos de investimentos ligados ao governo e, de outro, com a ausência de grupos estrangeiros atuantes no mercado de abates (somente como acionistas privados). Um segundo grupo de firmas, as não contempladas pelos empréstimos do governo, necessitam buscar outras soluções estratégicas para sobreviver num ambiente de competição acirrada. A presente pesquisa teve dois objetivos. O primeiro, verificar qual o papel da participação do capital público nas estratégias de crescimento das empresas do setor e, o segundo, a influência desse capital no desempenho das empresas. Buscou-se analisar os dados e informações das empresas que compõe a indústria de carne bovina no Brasil. Como metodologia de pesquisa, optou-se pelo estudo das informações financeiras das empresas de capital aberto, que possuem dados disponíveis à sociedade, visando discutir o desempenho das mesmas. Para a análise das estratégias foi realizado estudo das reuniões do conselho administrativo dessas firmas. No caso das firmas de capital fechado foram realizadas entrevistas com uma amostra de 17,4% do total das firmas com SIF. Os resultados permitiram analisar a estratégia das firmas neste cenário de importante reestruturação setorial. No que se refere à participação do governo, observou-se que: 1) apesar de a participação na composição acionária e no conselho de algumas empresas, não foi verificado, a partir das análises das reuniões do conselho administrativo, que os órgãos públicos são os principais tomadores de decisão dos rumos dessas empresas, mas sim as famílias, através de holdings; 2) os investimentos feitos pelas empresas com capital aberto e/ou com apoio do Estado são distintos: empresas como o JBS e Marfrig, com o maior apoio do BNDES, cresceram 640% e 610,4% entre 2007 a 2012 com aquisições e diversificação de produtos e mercados; o terceiro maior grupo de carne bovina, o Minerva, sem participação de órgãos públicos, focando suas estratégias de crescimento apenas no mercado de pecuária de corte e expandindo suas atividades, através de aquisições, no mercado sul-americano; última empresa de capital aberto e com suporte de órgãos públicos, a BRF, focando na expansão dos mercados de carne suína e de frango e arrendando suas duas únicas unidades de carne bovina em troca de ações do frigorífico Minerva. Com relação ao grupo de frigoríficos de capital fechado e sem aporte do governo, observou-se que este adotar a estratégia de diferenciar suas atividades, sejam elas de produto ou mercados. Com relação ao desempenho, foi possível verificar que as empresas líderes no mercado de carne bovina, JBS e Marfrig, têm alto grau de relação de capital de terceiros em suas contas, sinalizando a grande dependência de empréstimos e financiamentos, principalmente do BNDES. / Representing 0.84% of the Brazilian GDP, the big meat companies bring an idiosyncrasy with respect to the dynamics of growth, when compared to other industries in the sector. On the one hand, the expansion occurs from the shareholding of publicly traded groups with the composition of various actors, including the Government, through the BNDES and investment funds linked to the government and on the other hand, with the absence of groups foreign groups working in the slaughter market (only as private shareholders). A second group of firms, not covered government loans, requires other strategic solutions to survive in a fierce competitive environment. This study had two objectives. First, check what is the role of public participation capital in the growth strategies of companies in the sector and, second, the influence of this capital on business performance. It sought to analyze the data and information of the companies making up the beef industry in Brazil. As a research methodology, we opted for the financial information study of publicly traded companies, which have data available to the society, in order to discuss the performance of the same. In the case of private equity firms, interviews were conducted with a sample of 17.4% of all firms with SIF. The results allowed us to analyze the strategy of the companies in this important scenario of sector restructuring. With regarding government participation, it was observed that: 1) despite the participation in the ownership and on the board of some companies , it was verified from the analyses of board meetings that public bodies are the main direction of decision-makers ,not the families, through holding companies; 2) investments made by companies with publicly traded and/or state support are distinct: companies such as JBS and Marfrig, with greater support from the BNDES, grew 640% and 610.4% between 2007-2012 with acquisitions and diversification of products and markets; the third largest group of beef, Minerva Foods, without any participation of public agencies, focusing their growth strategies only in the beef cattle market and expanding its activities through acquisitions, in the South American market; the last public company and public agency support, BRF, focusing on the expansion of pork and poultry meat markets and leasing its activities its only two beef units in exchange for Minerva Foods share. For slaughterhouses private held and without any government support was observed that adopt strategy of differentiate their activities, whether they be product or markets. Regarding the performance, it was found that leading companies in beef market, JBS and Marfrig , have a high degree of capital injections in their accounts, signaling the heavy reliance on loans and financing, mainly from BNDES.

In this study the dynamics of risk perceptions about BSE held by Canadian consumers and cow-calf operators are evaluated. Since the BSE outbreak in 2003, Canadian consumers and cow-calf operators may have had various different reactions to BSE. These reactions may be related to their different levels of risk perception about BSE, risk perceptions which may have evolved over time and may be affected by BSE media information. These reactions may also be the result of factors other than BSE. An analysis of behavioural models of consumers and cow-calf producers is required to reveal the impacts of both BSE risk perceptions and non-BSE related factors. In this study, the risk perceptions about BSE are specified applying a Social Amplification of Risk Framework (SARF) and a Prospective Reference Theory (PRT), and evaluated through market observed behaviour of Canadian consumers and cow-calf producers, an approach which is different than the traditional stated preference approach to eliciting risk perception measures. Parametric and non-parametric structural break tests associated with the BSE outbreak (May 2003) are employed to evaluate changes in consumers or cow-calf operators behaviour. The results show that SARF is supported by both panel data and time series data on Canadian consumers and cow-calf producers, suggesting that their risk perceptions about BSE are amplified by both the quantity and quality of BSE information. Risk perceptions about BSE have led to a decrease in beef demand and an increase in slaughter cow supply, which in turn, exacerbated losses in Canadian beef sector. Structural break tests related to the BSE outbreak in May 2003 confirm changes in both consumers and cow-calf producers behaviour. Consumers with different profiles had different levels of risk perceptions about BSE and different demand and substitution elasticities. Cow-calf producers from different regions also had different levels of risk perceptions about BSE and different supply elasticities, suggesting the need for more analysis of market segmentation. Simulation analyses over the North American beef sector further confirmed the impact of BSE risk perceptions of Canadian consumers and cow-calf producers in the North American beef and live cattle market. / Agricultural and Resource Economics

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Representando 0,84% do PIB brasileiro, as grandes firmas de carnes trazem uma idiossincrasia com relação à dinâmica de crescimento, quando comparadas com outras do setor. De um lado, sua expansão ocorre a partir da participação acionária de grupos de capital aberto com a composição de diversos agentes, entre eles o Governo, por meio do BNDES e fundos de investimentos ligados ao governo e, de outro, com a ausência de grupos estrangeiros atuantes no mercado de abates (somente como acionistas privados). Um segundo grupo de firmas, as não contempladas pelos empréstimos do governo, necessitam buscar outras soluções estratégicas para sobreviver num ambiente de competição acirrada. A presente pesquisa teve dois objetivos. O primeiro, verificar qual o papel da participação do capital público nas estratégias de crescimento das empresas do setor e, o segundo, a influência desse capital no desempenho das empresas. Buscou-se analisar os dados e informações das empresas que compõe a indústria de carne bovina no Brasil. Como metodologia de pesquisa, optou-se pelo estudo das informações financeiras das empresas de capital aberto, que possuem dados disponíveis à sociedade, visando discutir o desempenho das mesmas. Para a análise das estratégias foi realizado estudo das reuniões do conselho administrativo dessas firmas. No caso das firmas de capital fechado foram realizadas entrevistas com uma amostra de 17,4% do total das firmas com SIF. Os resultados permitiram analisar a estratégia das firmas neste cenário de importante reestruturação setorial. No que se refere à participação do governo, observou-se que: 1) apesar de a participação na composição acionária e no conselho de algumas empresas, não foi verificado, a partir das análises das reuniões do conselho administrativo, que os órgãos públicos são os principais tomadores de decisão dos rumos dessas empresas, mas sim as famílias, através de holdings; 2) os investimentos feitos pelas empresas com capital aberto e/ou com apoio do Estado são distintos: empresas como o JBS e Marfrig, com o maior apoio do BNDES, cresceram 640% e 610,4% entre 2007 a 2012 com aquisições e diversificação de produtos e mercados; o terceiro maior grupo de carne bovina, o Minerva, sem participação de órgãos públicos, focando suas estratégias de crescimento apenas no mercado de pecuária de corte e expandindo suas atividades, através de aquisições, no mercado sul-americano; última empresa de capital aberto e com suporte de órgãos públicos, a BRF, focando na expansão dos mercados de carne suína e de frango e arrendando suas duas únicas unidades de carne bovina em troca de ações do frigorífico Minerva. Com relação ao grupo de frigoríficos de capital fechado e sem aporte do governo, observou-se que este adotar a estratégia de diferenciar suas atividades, sejam elas de produto ou mercados. Com relação ao desempenho, foi possível verificar que as empresas líderes no mercado de carne bovina, JBS e Marfrig, têm alto grau de relação de capital de terceiros em suas contas, sinalizando a grande dependência de empréstimos e financiamentos, principalmente do BNDES. / Representing 0.84% of the Brazilian GDP, the big meat companies bring an idiosyncrasy with respect to the dynamics of growth, when compared to other industries in the sector. On the one hand, the expansion occurs from the shareholding of publicly traded groups with the composition of various actors, including the Government, through the BNDES and investment funds linked to the government and on the other hand, with the absence of groups foreign groups working in the slaughter market (only as private shareholders). A second group of firms, not covered government loans, requires other strategic solutions to survive in a fierce competitive environment. This study had two objectives. First, check what is the role of public participation capital in the growth strategies of companies in the sector and, second, the influence of this capital on business performance. It sought to analyze the data and information of the companies making up the beef industry in Brazil. As a research methodology, we opted for the financial information study of publicly traded companies, which have data available to the society, in order to discuss the performance of the same. In the case of private equity firms, interviews were conducted with a sample of 17.4% of all firms with SIF. The results allowed us to analyze the strategy of the companies in this important scenario of sector restructuring. With regarding government participation, it was observed that: 1) despite the participation in the ownership and on the board of some companies , it was verified from the analyses of board meetings that public bodies are the main direction of decision-makers ,not the families, through holding companies; 2) investments made by companies with publicly traded and/or state support are distinct: companies such as JBS and Marfrig, with greater support from the BNDES, grew 640% and 610.4% between 2007-2012 with acquisitions and diversification of products and markets; the third largest group of beef, Minerva Foods, without any participation of public agencies, focusing their growth strategies only in the beef cattle market and expanding its activities through acquisitions, in the South American market; the last public company and public agency support, BRF, focusing on the expansion of pork and poultry meat markets and leasing its activities its only two beef units in exchange for Minerva Foods share. For slaughterhouses private held and without any government support was observed that adopt strategy of differentiate their activities, whether they be product or markets. Regarding the performance, it was found that leading companies in beef market, JBS and Marfrig , have a high degree of capital injections in their accounts, signaling the heavy reliance on loans and financing, mainly from BNDES.

Cattle ranching has been of major significance to Florida since the 16th century; however, few are aware of the historic, ecologic, economic and cultural influence of this industry. This study investigates the origins and impacts of the traditional customs and practices of Florida’s cattle ranchers, who preserve and reinvent this rich heritage today. Ranchers live closely with the land and their animals and, due to the often-uncertain and cyclical nature of the business, must possess resourcefulness and initiative to prosper. The image of the stoic cowboy has long been associated with the American West, yet before longhorn cattle ever crossed the western plains, Florida frontiers were populated with herds of unique “cracker” cows, descendants of cattle left behind by early Spanish settlers. Like the West, Florida experienced conflicts between ranchers and other land claimants, issues that continue in the 21st century. Modern ranchers contend with developers, environmental concerns, and increasing regulation, yet they persevere in passing on their cultural heritage. Agricultural lifestyles can be emotionally fulfilling, but stewardship of land and animals can be stressful and labor-intensive. Motivation to continue these customs may be enhanced by identification with cowboys of popular American media, enhanced by physical immersion in a similar setting. Optimal agricultural practices have been well researched; however, anthropology provides a useful lens to examine customs and practices of Florida’s cattle ranchers. Anthropologists have long been concerned with the dynamic relationship between human culture and the environment, examining how the physical landscape and ecological niches shape and are shaped by those who inhabit them. As globalized trade markets, technology, and economies expand, influencing agricultural practices and destroying natural habitats, diachronic studies of changing environments, economic and sociocultural influences in geographically bounded locales can be helpful in understanding this process. iv However, a key consideration is the fact that culture is not static, but ever changing, thus the most important aspects of tradition and heritage that we choose to retain and reinvent may provide the most telling insight into any society

This study determined the attitudes of part-time and full-time beef producers in southwest Virginia toward the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service and their assessment of the methods used by the agency in disseminating information to its clientele. Descriptive research design was utilized for this study. The population consisted of 1202 beef producers located in Carroll, Grayson, Russell, Washington, and Wythe counties in southwest Virginia. Beef production is their main source of farm income. A random sample of 300 beef producers was systematically selected for the study. Based upon the percentage of annual gross income from beef production, the producers were categorized as part-time and full-time producers. Data were collected by use of a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher with assistance from a panel of experts. The instrument was divided into three parts; part one was used to obtain background information, part two (Likert-type scale) was used to measure respondents' attitudes, and the third part was used to measure respondents' assessment of the methods of disseminating Extension information. Mailed instruments were returned by 201 producers (67%) in usable form. Information collected from the survey instruments was transferred to the computer and analyzed via the SPSSX program at the Virginia Tech Computer Center. Statistical procedures used in analyzing the data included frequencies, measures of central tendency, an independent t-test, and the Pearson Product-Moment Coefficient of Correlation. Six research questions were used as a guide for analyzing and reporting the data. The following major conclusions were reached: (1) that both parttime and full-time beef producers possessed a slightly unfavorable attitude toward the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service beef cattle program; (2) that both part-time and full-time beef producers had a slightly unfavorable attitude toward the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service overall agricultural program; (3) that both part-time and fulltime beef producers possessed a slightly unfavorable attitude toward the qualifications of the local Virginia Cooperative Extension Service agricultural agents; and (4) that both part-time and full-time beef producers assessed the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service methods of disseminating information to farmers as more effective than ineffective. / Ed. D.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1984 W365 / Master of Science