7 Annotation Graduation thesis deal with problems of behavioral disturbances about children and adolescents. First part describes professional notions about behavioral disturbances in next chapters describes particular behavioral disturbances it's etiology and diagnosis. Final parts focus on kinds of primary prevention predominantly in elementary school and in non-for- profit organization. Thesis deal with specific and nonspecific prevention of behavioral disturbances.

My thesis occupies with the influence of home preparation for successfulness of pupils with specific learning disturbances and behaviour in basic school. The theoretical part there are explained terms of specific evolutional disturbances of school skills. This part deals with etiology and diagnosis. There are legislative alterations of education and it includes complete reeducational school care which points on importance of teacher's personality and on forming of positive climate in the class. It describes family and its role in connection with all risk factors which influence it. The point of preparation determines learning and behaviour by way of concrete forms and methods of work with pupils with specific disturbances. The empirical part of thesis is compiled by method of qualitative research and it's a result of research investigation which is connected to detailed analysis of acquired data. The main methods of investigation were long-lasting structured pupils' observation, analysis of file documentation and analysis of professional advice. These all together and interviews made complete picture of individual case studies.

Verhaltensstörungen bei Demenz sind von zentraler klinischer Bedeutung. Zur Beurteilung solcher Phänomene liegen eine Anzahl standardisierter Beobachtungsbögen vor. Problematisch sind diese Skalen im Hinblick auf ihre Reliabilität bei der Anwendung durch Angehörige und Pflegende. Wir schlagen daher die aktometrische Darstellung von motorischer Aktivität, wie sie etwa aus der Schlafforschung bekannt ist, vor. In dieser Dissertation wurde zunächst die Reliabilität und konkurrente Validität der Messung von motorischer Unruhe bei Demenz mittels eines aktometrischen Gerätes untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die aktometrische Messung von Verhaltensstörungen eine valide und reliable Methode auch bei schwerer Demenz darstellt. Im zweiten Teils dieser Arbeit wurde unter quasiexperimenteller Kontrolle von Modulatoren der circadianen Rhythmizität Unterschiede der circadianen Rhythmik zwischen vaskulärer Demenz und Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ untersucht. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass es bei Patienten mit Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ und bei Patienten mit vaskulärer Demenz in Abhängigkeit von der motorischen AktivitŠt zu einer charakteristischen Phasenverschiebung der circadianen Rhythmik kommt. Dieser Zusammenhang ist jedoch bei Alzheimer-Demenz, bei der von einer neurobiologischen Störung des suprachiasmatischen Nukleus ausgegangen werden kann, stärker ausgeprägt. Dieses Befundmuster unterstützt theoretische Modelle der circadianen Rhythmik und ihrer Störung bei Demenz und legt nahe, dass der suprachiasmatischen Nukleus bei Demenz vom Alzheimer-Typ eine zentrale Rolle bei der circadianen Regulation des Verhaltens einnimmt. / Behavioural signs and symptoms in dementia are of central clinical significance. There are a number of standardised rating scales available for the assessment of motor phenomena in dementia. However, there is no objective method of assessing these symptoms. In addition, the reliability of these scales, especially when used by caregivers from within families, has been questioned. In order to overcome this flaw, we propose the use of an actometric device for assessing behaviour motor symptoms in dementia. In the first part of this dissertation we assessed the reliability and the concurrent validity of an actometric device against two behavioural scales. Results show satisfactory validity and good reliability of this method. In the second part of this dissertation, we reanalysed data from our validation study, investigating whether the pattern of circadian rhythm disturbances is different in patients suffering from Alzheimer disease and patients suffering from vascular dementia, controlling experimentally for the severity of behaviour disturbances. With regards to circadian motor activity, we found increased nocturnal activity and fragmentation of diurnal rhythm in both groups. In patients showing an equal severity of behaviour disturbances, the phase-delay of the rest-activity rhythm was delayed in patients with Alzheimer disease as compared to patients with vascular dementia. These findings suggest that, in Alzheimer disease, structural changes in the SCN might induce disturbance in the circadian pacemaker, leading to a phase shift in the circadian rhythm. The differential pattern of rhythm disturbance found in this study could be indicative of different processes involved in sleep disorders in the dementias.