This dissertation examined the controversy surrounding the high levels of compensation paid to university presidents. To do this, the first half of this dissertation includes a systematic review of the existing literature regarding the relation between university performance and university president compensation in nonprofit universities. The second half of this dissertation attempts to replicate the findings from the systematic review with more current data. Several gaps identified in the literature, including the effects of analyzing specific compensation components, the effect of university president compensation on subsequent university performance, potential nonlinear relations, and how relations between university performance and university president compensation change over time, are examined as well. Specific hypotheses and research questions are derived from compensation and motivation theories used in the for-profit context as well as findings from both the for-profit and nonprofit executive compensation literature. Results indicated that university performance had a weak effect on compensation in private universities and no effect in public universities. Findings suggested that there may be differences in this effect depending on the component of compensation examined. Compensation appears to have a negative or nil effect on subsequent university performance. Evidence of differential effects over time were not observed. Although some nonlinear effects were detected, they did not take the form expected. Potential reasons for these findings, as well as their implications for research and practice, are discussed.

Government mandates are often used to promote equality in the workplace, often imposing additional costs upon employers. Economic theory suggest that these additional costs will be shifted onto the employees through a reduction in wages. However, when wage shifting is not an option due to anti-discrimination laws, how will employers respond to the additional costs imposed? Gruber (1994) found that wage shifting occurs when the groups benefiting from a government mandate are easily identifiable to the employer, despite the existence of anti-discrimination laws. This study seeks to further the work of Gruber (1994) and examine wage shifting at an industry level. We look at industries that have a large percentage of workers who are benefited by a government mandate to see if the wage shifting in these industries was more significant. This study finds that, as the percentage of workforce receiving benefits increases, the amount of wage shifting grows.

Data on the managerial and professional specialty occupations that were specified by the United States Census of the Population for the years 1950 through 1980 were used to analyze the influence of occupational sex ratios, growth rates, and male and female salary levels on the ability of females to move into those occupations. An analysis of the change in the Standardized Occupational Sex Ratio (SSR) showed that, over the thirty year period studied, growth rates became more important than salary levels in influencing movement toward parity in high status occupations. Before the 1980 census year, occupational growth rates were found to interact with both male and female salary levels. During all four census years, slowly growing occupations experienced the smallest movement toward parity regardless of salary level. The lack of movement toward parity in slowly growing occupations shows evidence of gender division. In rapidly growing fields, lower salary levels for both males and females led to greater movement toward parity for females. Movement toward parity in rapidly growing fields that offered lower salaries was taken as evidence of less sheltering. In declining fields, occupations with above median female salaries allowed greater female entry than did those with below median female salaries. The opportunity for women to move into declining fields showed evidence of chain mobility. By 1980, females were moving into managerial and professional specialty occupations at every salary level and growth rate; however, the greatest movement toward parity occurred in those occupations that were rapidly growing. Movement toward parity in rapidly growing occupations provided evidence of structural mobility. By 1980, rapidly growing occupations were experiencing fair sharing of occupational opportunity. The slowly growing occupations, though experiencing some female growth, still showed evidence of male sheltering.

Statement of the problem: This problem involves the following divisions: The laws, rules and regulations governing payrolls. Application of the law in payroll accounting. The accounting principles and procedure. A detailed practice set.

Statement of the problem - To find out the effort being made to establish a state-wide teacher retirement system in those states where no retirement system exists. To study and analyze each state-wide teacher retirement system in effect. To set up a state-wide teacher retirement plan for Kentucky.

This study was made in attempt to assess company attitudes toward industrial recreation in order to draw conclusions concerning present and future trends in employee recreation. A survey instrument was devised with the aid of a jury of experts to validate and improve upon the questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed through the mail to the one hundred largest manufacturing firms in North Carolina. Personnel managers were asked to answer the survey as to reflect company attitudes and not necessarily thelr own. The questions pertained to areas such as recreational opportunities, amount of participation, utilization of recreational personnel, the availability of facilities and land, future plans, and recreational objectives. Fifty-six companies responded to the surveys and returned the questionnaires to the investigator. The surveys were tabulated and data were accumulated. The survey indicated a trend toward growth in recreational opportunities and programs, but a stabilization in the area of facilities and land provided. Attitudes toward recreation were found to he positive for the most part. However, attitudes towards objectives of employee recreation were generally negative. Recommendations, based upon the analysis of the study, were made in order to allow companies a basis of comparison for the development of their programs. It was suggested, according to the findings of the study, that area in order for companies to remain competitive in the of industrial recreation programs offered, recreational opportunities should be made available to employees, a recreational director or part time director should be hired, and use of volunteers should be increased. Extensive facilities and land were not found to be essential to a competitive program. Continuation or expansion of recreational programs was recommended. An awareness of objectives of employee recreation or a set of goals for the company program is highly recommended for a successful industrial recreation program.

The Subject of this thesis is the issue of motivation and evaluation of employees in the company The Railway Infrastructure Administration, state organization. The work is divided into three parts. The first part analyzes theoretical concepts and theoretical background which are needed to process for preparation of other two parts. The second analytic part includes the analysis, which are necessary information about the company and there is also covered the motivational system of the company in detail. The main point is the reset of the survey, which serves as the main basis for the last part. The last practical part includes a few proposals of improvements of the motivation system and their appreciation, according to the results of the research.

This thesis examines wage differentials between male and female faculty salaries at Western Kentucky University. A human capital model of salary determination is examined by using regression analysis on relevant personal and job characteristics of faculty members. A large portion of the wage gap between men and women is explained through differences in the personal and job characteristics. A portion of the wage gap remains unexplained, however, the probability of discrimination playing a substantial role in salary is very small.

In order to assess the continuing imbalance of top executives between genders, I examine the effects of gender diversity within top management teams on firm risk, performance, and executive compensation. Capitalizing on previous analysis, I apply three unique differentiators. First, I utilize current data from 2012 to 2017 from Compustat, CRSP, and ExecuComp. Second, I provide a unique subset view on a firm and individual performance of female CEOs to examine executive compensation. Third, my scope of analysis expands to S&P Composite 1500 companies. I use separate models to estimate the effect of gender diversity on firm risk by examining a firm’s beta and standard deviation of daily returns, on firm performance by examining a firm’s Tobin’sQ, and lastly on executive compensation by examining an executive’s natural logarithm of total compensation. My findings suggest gender diversity among executives appears to have an immaterial effect on a firm’s risk and performance. In turn, I also find that female executives continue to receive less compensation than their male colleagues. However, I find an average female CEO receives a higher level of compensation than an average male CEO. Lastly, I find as gender diversity increases among executives, specifically CEOs, the compensation differences between genders decreases.