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Biomimetics design tool used to develop new components for lower-energy buildingsCraig, Salmaan January 2008 (has links)
The contributions to knowledge documented in this doctoral thesis are two-fold. The first contribution is in the application of a new biomimetic design tool called BioTRIZ. Its creators claim it can be used to facilitate the transfer of biological principles to solve engineering problems. The core case-study of this thesis documents how this tool was used to frame and systematically explore low-energy solutions to a key technical problem in the underdeveloped field of radiative cooling. Radiative cooling is a passive mechanism through which heat from a building can be rejected to the sky – an abundant but underused natural heat sink. Published in the Journal of Bionic Engineering, the study was the first independent application of BioTRIZ in the academic literature. The second contribution to knowledge is in the design, development and testing of the most promising biomimetic concept to come out of the BioTRIZ radiative cooling study. ‘Heat-selective’ insulation gives a roof mass a cool view of the sky because integrated pathways focus and channel longwave thermal radiation through it. It is biomimetic because it achieves infrared transparency by adding structural hierarchy to the component, rather than manipulating the properties of the material itself. Test panels on a rooftop in central London cooled to between 6 and 13 degrees below ambient temperature on May and April nights. Radiative cooling powers of between 25 and 70 W/m2 were measured when plates were at ambient temperature. Daytime radiative cooling below ambient temperature occurred when clouds blocked direct sunlight. Radiative cooling power was increased by 37% using reflective ‘funnels’. Two additional BioTRIZ analyses are presented as minor case studies. They each attend to a key technical problem in the field of passive thermal energy storage in buildings. They serve to illustrate the type of results that can be expected from using BioTRIZ during low-energy building design.
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Verificação da adequabilidade do método BioTRIZ na aplicação da biomimética no ensino de projeto de arquiteturaCunha, Ronnie Elder da 15 January 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-01-15 / Despite the fact that biomimicry has been widely used in the fields of design
and engineering, its application methods in architectural design are not yet
clear, especially in the architectural design education. The transfer of a concept
or mechanism of a living organism for non-living systems is not a trivial task and
requires knowledge between two domains, the biological and the design. The
BioTRIZ, a systematic method and especially developed based on biological
phenomena, does not require deep understanding about natural organisms.
This study aimed at verifying the adequability of BioTRIZ method in the
application of biomimetic concepts in atelier design teaching in the early periods
of the architecture program. Exploratory case studies was used through design
exercises in models atelier classes with the 3rd semester students of the
Architecture and Urban Planning Program of the Federal University of Paraiba.
The work proceedings were divided into eight steps: variables definition, pilot
studies, teams training, data collection in design exercises with application of
BioTRIZ method, questionnaires, focus groups sessions, data analysis and
results discussion. It was concluded that BioTRIZ method was not entirely
suitable for design education in models atelier, due to the limited design
repertoire of students, the difficulties in avoiding fixation on predefined ideas
and limitations in the ability to transform specific features in abstract ones and
vice versa, all those being requirements for effective use of BioTRIZ method. / Apesar de a biomimética ser bastante utilizada nos campos do design e da
engenharia, os seus métodos de aplicação no projeto arquitetônico ainda não
são claros, sobretudo no ensino de projeto. A transferência de um conceito ou
mecanismo de um organismo vivo para sistemas não vivos não é uma tarefa
trivial e requer conhecimento entre dois domínios, o biológico e o de design. O
BioTRIZ, método sistemático e especialmente desenvolvido com base em
fenômenos biológicos, dispensa conhecimento profundo sobre organismos
naturais. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal verificar a
adequabilidade do método BioTRIZ na aplicação de conceitos biomiméticos no
ensino de projeto em ateliês nos períodos iniciais do curso de Arquitetura.
Utilizou-se de estudos de caso de caráter exploratório por meio de exercícios
de projeto em ateliê de plástica com turmas do 3º período do curso de
Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. O trabalho foi
dividido em oito etapas: definição das variáveis, estudos piloto, treinamento das
equipes, coleta de dados em exercícios de projeto com aplicação do método
BioTRIZ, aplicação de questionário, execução de grupos focais, análise de
dados e discussão dos resultados. Concluiu-se que o método BioTRIZ não se
mostrou totalmente adequado ao ensino de projeto em ateliês de plástica,
devido ao limitado repertório projetual dos alunos, às dificuldades em evitar
fixação em ideias predefinidas e às limitações na capacidade de transformar
características específicas em abstratas e vice-versa, requisitos necessários
para o eficaz emprego do método.
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