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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evaluating Entheseal Changes from a Commingled and Fragmentary Population: Republic Groves

Unknown Date (has links)
The most direct way available to modern day researchers to reconstruct individual and population level behavior is to analyze markers of activity from skeletal remains (Ruff et al., 2004). An analysis of the population at the Republic Groves site (8HR4) was conducted, using the entheseal change score system, the Coimbra method, developed by Henderson et al. (2015). This study examined the implication of analyzing a commingled and fragmentary population with this methodology. Reconstructing specific behavior cannot be done with this type of approach; however, entheseal changes can be compared to specific patterns of behavior for consistency. An atlatl was found with the human remains and thus provided a suggestion of behavior for comparison. Entheses were chosen in line with a throwing motion of the atlatl and focused exclusively on the humerus, radius, and ulna. The application of the Coimbra methodology to the Republic Groves population was successful, at least in part. Overall, there was low variability of results, mostly 0, some 1, and with very few high 2 scores. The entheseal changes from Republic Groves were consistent with the throwing of an atlatl; however, this does not mean that this is the only behavior that could have generated that kind of change. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
2

Qualidade de vida e dinâmicas de conflito na população da península de Paracas, costa sul do Peru durante o final do Horizonte Temprano (400 a.C - 100 d.C) / Quality of life and dynamics of conflict in the populations from Paracas peninsula, south coast of Peru, during the final Early Horizon (400 B.C - AD.100)

Mejía, Juliana Gómez 04 October 2016 (has links)
Este trabalho avalia, desde uma perspectiva bioarqueológica, diversos indicadores ósseos de estresse e de violência física nas populações que foram sepultadas na península de Paracas, costa sul do Peru, durante o final do Horizonte Temprano (400 a.C - 100 d.C). Tal período é essencial na história da complexificação social dos Andes Centrais, porque coincide com o colapso da tradição Chavín que previamente integrava diversas organizações políticas, causando fragmentação regional e surgimento de sociedades diversificadas com elites disputando o poder. Durante o final do Horizonte Temprano várias regiões andinas exibiram arquitetura defensiva, altas frequências de traumas violentos e iconografia que incluía cenas de violência e de possível conflito. Além disso, dados publicados para outros sítios contemporâneos da região sugerem a existência de um período de crise com profundas mudanças sociopolíticas. Para nos aproximarmos do impacto que teve esse processo na qualidade de vida das pessoas sepultadas na península de Paracas, foram estimadas a estatura adulta, prevalências de hipoplasias do esmalte dentário, cribra orbitalia, hiperostose porótica, lesões do periósteo, traumas, trepanações cranianas e modificação intencional do crânio, numa coleção de 307 esqueletos escavados por J.C Tello entre 1925-1930. Esses indivíduos foram sepultados durante duas fases consecutivas: Cavernas (sítio Cerro Colorado) e Necrópolis (sítios Warikayán e Arena Blanca). Durante o período Cavernas observamos menor estatura adulta masculina e maiores prevalências nos indicadores de estresse e de traumas cranianos em comparação ao período Necrópolis. Nesta última fase, que coincide com o aparecimento de grupos associados à tradição Topará, observamos variação no tipo geral de modificação craniana, menor exposição aos traumas cranianos, aumento da estatura masculina e redução na prevalência de indicadores ósseos de estresse, sugerindo melhoras nas condições gerais de vida. Esta pesquisa fornece novos dados para compreender o impacto das mudanças nos processos de complexificação social sobre a qualidade de vida que aconteceram nos Andes Centrais / This research uses a bioarchaeological perspective to analyze various skeletal stress markers and violence-related trauma in the populations buried on the Paracas peninsula, south coast of Peru, during the final Early Horizon period (400 B.C - AD.100). This period, in the complex social history of Andean population is transformative because of the decline of the highland Chavin culture that previously integrated various socio-political organizations, which led to regional fragmentation and local elites vying for political control. During this period were found, defensive architecture, high prevalence of cranial trauma, and warrior iconography in various Andean archaeological sites. In addition, published data for contemporaneous sites suggests a crises period that lead to major sociopolitical changes. To assess the impact this process had on the quality of life, this study estimates the adult stature and prevalences of enamel hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal lesions, skeletal trauma, cranial trepanation, and cranial vault modification in 307 skeletons from the J.C Tello collection, excavated between 1925 and 1930 on the Paracas peninsula. Those individuals were buried in two successive cultural periods: Cavernas (Cerro Colorado site) and Necrópolis (Warikayán and Arena Blanca sites). In the Cavernas period a shorter male stature and a higher prevalence in the stress markers and cranial trauma were observed. The subsequent Necropolis period, influenced by Topará groups, showed differences in cranial vault modification types, significant reduction of cranial trauma, increases in male stature, and lower prevalence of skeletal stress markers. This findings suggest a more stable period with better life conditions. These results provide new insight into the impact of social complexity on the development of Andean population\'s quality of life
3

Qualidade de vida e dinâmicas de conflito na população da península de Paracas, costa sul do Peru durante o final do Horizonte Temprano (400 a.C - 100 d.C) / Quality of life and dynamics of conflict in the populations from Paracas peninsula, south coast of Peru, during the final Early Horizon (400 B.C - AD.100)

Juliana Gómez Mejía 04 October 2016 (has links)
Este trabalho avalia, desde uma perspectiva bioarqueológica, diversos indicadores ósseos de estresse e de violência física nas populações que foram sepultadas na península de Paracas, costa sul do Peru, durante o final do Horizonte Temprano (400 a.C - 100 d.C). Tal período é essencial na história da complexificação social dos Andes Centrais, porque coincide com o colapso da tradição Chavín que previamente integrava diversas organizações políticas, causando fragmentação regional e surgimento de sociedades diversificadas com elites disputando o poder. Durante o final do Horizonte Temprano várias regiões andinas exibiram arquitetura defensiva, altas frequências de traumas violentos e iconografia que incluía cenas de violência e de possível conflito. Além disso, dados publicados para outros sítios contemporâneos da região sugerem a existência de um período de crise com profundas mudanças sociopolíticas. Para nos aproximarmos do impacto que teve esse processo na qualidade de vida das pessoas sepultadas na península de Paracas, foram estimadas a estatura adulta, prevalências de hipoplasias do esmalte dentário, cribra orbitalia, hiperostose porótica, lesões do periósteo, traumas, trepanações cranianas e modificação intencional do crânio, numa coleção de 307 esqueletos escavados por J.C Tello entre 1925-1930. Esses indivíduos foram sepultados durante duas fases consecutivas: Cavernas (sítio Cerro Colorado) e Necrópolis (sítios Warikayán e Arena Blanca). Durante o período Cavernas observamos menor estatura adulta masculina e maiores prevalências nos indicadores de estresse e de traumas cranianos em comparação ao período Necrópolis. Nesta última fase, que coincide com o aparecimento de grupos associados à tradição Topará, observamos variação no tipo geral de modificação craniana, menor exposição aos traumas cranianos, aumento da estatura masculina e redução na prevalência de indicadores ósseos de estresse, sugerindo melhoras nas condições gerais de vida. Esta pesquisa fornece novos dados para compreender o impacto das mudanças nos processos de complexificação social sobre a qualidade de vida que aconteceram nos Andes Centrais / This research uses a bioarchaeological perspective to analyze various skeletal stress markers and violence-related trauma in the populations buried on the Paracas peninsula, south coast of Peru, during the final Early Horizon period (400 B.C - AD.100). This period, in the complex social history of Andean population is transformative because of the decline of the highland Chavin culture that previously integrated various socio-political organizations, which led to regional fragmentation and local elites vying for political control. During this period were found, defensive architecture, high prevalence of cranial trauma, and warrior iconography in various Andean archaeological sites. In addition, published data for contemporaneous sites suggests a crises period that lead to major sociopolitical changes. To assess the impact this process had on the quality of life, this study estimates the adult stature and prevalences of enamel hypoplasia, cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal lesions, skeletal trauma, cranial trepanation, and cranial vault modification in 307 skeletons from the J.C Tello collection, excavated between 1925 and 1930 on the Paracas peninsula. Those individuals were buried in two successive cultural periods: Cavernas (Cerro Colorado site) and Necrópolis (Warikayán and Arena Blanca sites). In the Cavernas period a shorter male stature and a higher prevalence in the stress markers and cranial trauma were observed. The subsequent Necropolis period, influenced by Topará groups, showed differences in cranial vault modification types, significant reduction of cranial trauma, increases in male stature, and lower prevalence of skeletal stress markers. This findings suggest a more stable period with better life conditions. These results provide new insight into the impact of social complexity on the development of Andean population\'s quality of life
4

An exploration of the changing understandings of physical impairment and disability in early medieval England: a bioarchaeological, funerary, and historical approach

Bohling, Solange N., Croucher, Karina, Buckberry, Jo 28 April 2023 (has links)
Yes / This paper explores experiences and perceptions of physical impairment and disability in early medieval England, contrasting pre-Christian (AD 5th–early 7th centuries) and Christian (AD late 8th–11th centuries) communities through a combination of bioarchaeological, clinical, funerary, historical, and theoretical analyses. By comparing understandings of physical impairment and disability in the pre-Christian and Christian periods, this paper investigates how political rearrangements and the growing power of the Church might have influenced changing contemporary perceptions of physical impairment and disability. This research has found that the funerary treatment of individuals with physical impairment in the pre-Christian period was extremely variable within and between cemeteries, and there is evidence for arguably positive, normative, and potentially negative burial treatment. Although mortuary treatment of Christian-era individuals with physical impairment was somewhat variable, this variation was much more subtle. This reflects the overall Christian-era pattern in burial form, and strongly negative or positive mortuary treatment was not identified among the individuals with physical impairment. Based on this evidence, it is proposed that administrative and judicial standardisation, conversion to Christianity, and the spread of Christian morals and doctrine influenced the reduction in mortuary variability observed in individuals with physical impairment and/or disability in the 8th–11th centuries in England.
5

Microscopic Sampling of Dentine and Bone Collagen: Development of Sampling Methods for Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Analysis

Curtis, Mandi J. January 2021 (has links)
Sampling methods for dentine and bone collagen have been evolving for several decades. Incremental dentine collagen sampling and bone collagen sampling have been limited by the available technology throughout that time. As the technology for isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis improves, the sampling methods should improve as well. This research focused on developing a new incremental dentine collagen sampling method and bone collagen microsampling method for stable isotope analysis. This research aimed to increase the temporal resolution of incremental dentine collagen sampling and provided sequential collagen sampling from bone collagen for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis while limiting the destructive nature of bioarchaeological analysis. It was determined that the temporal resolution for incremental analysis could be reduced to approximate three months, opposed to the nine months found in other sampling methods. It was also determined that detailed isotopic data could be obtained from bone collagen when sampling the microstructures. The increased amount of isotopic data from the bone collagen was an improvement on the commonly used bulk collagen sampling. This research can be utilised to answer several of the questions that archaeologists have been asking about past populations. Isotopic analysis using the methods developed in the research can provide a more detailed observation of the diet and health of past populations. In addition, the developed methods for bone and dentine collagen reduced the amount of tissue subjected to destructive analysis.

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