Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcelinoGVpdf.pdf: 1501043 bytes, checksum: 4189a4e35d01ba02dd420f3bab764b2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / The biofilms microbial forms of association are responsible for generating, accelerating and / or induce the process of corrosion. The damage generated in the petroleum industry for this type of corrosion is significatives, representing major investment for your control. The aim of this study was to evaluate such tests antibiograms the effects of extracts of Jatropha curcas and essential oil of Lippia gracilis Schauer on microrganisms isolated from water samples and, thereafter, select the most effective natural product for further evaluation of biofilms formed in dynamic system. Extracts of J. curcas were not efficient on the complete inhibition of microbial growth in tests type antibiogram, and essential oil of L. gracilis Schauer most effective and determined for the other tests. A standard concentration of essential oil of 20 μL was chosen and established for the evaluation of the biofilms and the rate of corrosion. The biocide effect was determined by microbial counts of five types of microorganisms: aerobic bacteria, precipitating iron, total anaerobic, sulphate reducers (BRS) and fungi. The rate of corrosion was measured by loss of mass. Molecular identification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed. The data showed reduction to zero of the most probable number (MPN) of bacteria precipitating iron and BRS from 115 and 113 minutes of contact, respectively. There was also inhibited in fungi, reducing to zero the rate of colony-forming units (CFU) from 74 minutes of exposure. However, for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria there was no significant difference in the time of exposure to the essential oil, remaining constant. The rate of corrosion was also influenced by the presence of oil. The essential oil of L. gracilis was shown to be potentially effective / Os biofilmes s?o formas de associa??o microbiana respons?veis por gerar, acelerar e/ou induzir o processo de corros?o. Os danos gerados na ind?stria de petr?leo por esse tipo de corros?o s?o significativos, representando grandes investimentos para seu controle. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar em testes tipo antibiograma os efeitos dos extratos de Jatropha curcas e do ?leo essencial de Lippia gracilis Schauer sobre microrganismos isolados de amostras de ?gua e, apartir de ent?o, selecionar o produto natural mais efetivo para posterior avalia??o sobre biofilmes formados em sistema din?mico. Os extratos de J. curcas n?o foram eficientes sobre a inibi??o completa do crescimento microbiano em testes tipo antibiogramas, sendo o ?leo essencial mais efetivo e determinado para os demais testes. Uma concentra??o padr?o do ?leo essencial de 20 μL foi escolhida e estabelecida para a avalia??o sobre os biofilmes e sobre a taxa de corros?o. O efeito biocida foi determinado pela contagem microbiana de cinco tipos de microrganismos: bact?rias aer?bicas, precipitadoras de ferro, anaer?bicas, redutoras de sulfato (BRS) e fungos. A taxa de corros?o foi calculada por perda de massa. Identifica??o molecular e micrografias eletr?nicas de varredura (MEV) foram realizadas. Os dados mostraram redu??o a zero do n?mero mais prov?vel (NMP) de bact?rias precipitadoras de ferro e BRS a partir de 115 e 113 minutos de contato, respectivamente. Tamb?m houve inibi??o sobre fungos, reduzindo para zero a taxa de unidades formadoras de col?nias (UFC) a partir de 74 minutos de exposi??o. Entretanto, para bact?rias aer?bicas e anaer?bicas n?o houve diferen?a significativa para o tempo de exposi??o com o ?leo essencial, permanecendo constante. A taxa de corros?o tamb?m foi influenciada pela presen?a do ?leo. O ?leo essencial de L. gracilis Schauer mostrou-se potencialmente efetivo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:09:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaBMCF_TESE.pdf: 3590314 bytes, checksum: 61ee9a18f02d6eff55991bb6b1c735a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Actually in the oil industry biotechnological approaches represent a challenge. In that, attention to metal structures affected by electrochemical corrosive processes, as well as by the interference of microorganisms (biocorrosion) which affect the kinetics of the environment / metal interface. Regarding to economical and environmental impacts reduction let to the use of natural products as an alternative to toxic synthetic inhibitors. This study aims the employment of green chemistry by evaluating the stem bark extracts (EHC, hydroalcoholic extract) and leaves (ECF, chloroform extract) of plant species Croton cajucara Benth as a corrosion inhibitor. In addition the effectiveness of corrosion inhibition of bioactive trans-clerodane dehydrocrotonin (DCTN) isolated from the stem bark of this Croton was also evaluated. For this purpose, carbon steel AISI 1020 was immersed in saline media (3,5 % NaCl) in the presence and absence of a microorganism recovered from a pipeline oil sample. Corrosion inhibition efficiency and its mechanisms were investigated by linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. Culture-dependent and molecular biology techniques were used to characterize and identify bacterial species present in oil samples. The tested natural products EHC, ECF and DCTN (DMSO as solvent) in abiotic environment presented respectively, corrosion inhibition efficiencies of 57.6% (500 ppm), 86.1% (500 ppm) and 54.5% (62.5 ppm). Adsorption phenomena showed that EHC best fit Frumkin isotherm and ECF to Temkin isotherm. EHC extract (250 ppm) dissolved in a polar microemulsion system (MES-EHC) showed significant maximum inhibition efficiency (93.8%) fitting Langmuir isotherm. In the presence of the isolated Pseudomonas sp, EHC and ECF were able to form eco-compatible organic films with anti-corrosive properties / Na ind?stria petrol?fera problemas relacionados a processos corrosivos em estruturas met?licas representam um desafio voltado para quest?es biotecnol?gicas. Esses processos podem ser significantemente influenciados pela presen?a de microorganismos que afetam a cin?tica eletroqu?mica da interface ambiente/superf?cie met?lica (biocorros?o). Neste contexto, a substitui??o de inibidores sint?ticos t?xicos por produtos naturais bioaceit?veis constitui uma alternativa economicamente importante com minimiza??o de impactos ambientais. No presente trabalho um dos objetivos principais est? vinculado ao emprego de qu?mica verde, em que foram avaliados extratos da casca do caule (extrato hidroalco?lico denominado de EHC) e folhas (extrato clorof?rmio, ECF) da esp?cie vegetal Croton cajucara Benth. Em adi??o a efic?cia de inibi??o ? corros?o do clerodano bioativo trans-desidrocrotonina (DCTN) isolado das cascas do caule deste Croton tamb?m foi avaliada. Para tanto, utilizou-se a?o carbono AISI 1020 imerso em solu??o salina, sob influ?ncia de microrganismo recuperado de uma amostra de petr?leo, bem como na sua aus?ncia. As efici?ncias de inibi??es ? corros?o e seus mecanismos foram investigados atrav?s das t?cnicas de voltametria de varredura linear e imped?ncia eletroqu?mica. T?cnicas dependentes de cultura e de biologia molecular foram utilizadas na identifica??o de esp?cies bacterianas presentes em amostras de petr?leo. Os extratos EHC, ECF e o composto DCTN veiculados em DMSO, apresentaram respectivamente, efici?ncias de inibi??es ? corros?o em meio abi?tico, com m?ximas de 57,6% (500 ppm), 86,1% (500 ppm) e 54,5% (62,5 ppm). Com rela??o ao processo de adsor??o, EHC se ajustou a isoterma de Frumkin e ECF a isoterma de Temkin. No entanto, o extrato EHC (250 ppm) veiculado em uma microemuls?o polar (SME-EHC) com efici?ncia m?xima de inibi??o 93,8%, se ajustou a isoterma de Langmuir. Na presen?a da esp?cie bacteriana caracterizada Pseudomonas sp., os extratos EHC e ECF formaram filmes ecocompat?veis protetores com a??o anti-corrosiva