published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Biological Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Chan Kit-ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-133). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.x / List of Figures --- p.xii / List of Plates --- p.xiii / List of Appendixes --- p.xiv / Abbreviations --- p.xv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Organization of Study --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Stage One -Literature Review --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Stage Two - Review of EI A Reports and Case Studies of Ecological Mitigation/Compensation Measures --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Stage Three - Evaluation and Recommendations --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Chapter Outlines --- p.6 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND OF STUDY / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Definitions --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Ecological Impact Assessment Process --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Baseline Study and Scoping --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Impact Prediction and Evaluation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Mitigation --- p.11 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Environmental Monitoring and Auditing --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Ecological Impact Assessment in Hong Kong --- p.12 / Chapter 2.5 --- Problems of Ecological Impact Assessment --- p.16 / Chapter 2.6 --- Compensatory Mitigation --- p.19 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHDOLOGY AND STUDY AREA / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Critical Review of EIA Reports --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3 --- Case Studies of Compensatory Wetlands --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Selection of Ecological Compensation Projects --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Study Sites --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Climate --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Compensatory Fishponds at Au Tau Interchange --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Compensatory Mangrove at Main Drainage Channel --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- Compensatory Mangrove at Kau Sai Chau --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Methods to Assess Ecological Functionality --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Bird Use of the Au Tau Compensatory Ponds --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Habitat and Vegetation Mapping --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Vegetation Performance and Soil Properties of Compensatory Mangroves --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.4.1 --- Vegetation Sampling --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.4.2 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.4.3 --- Soil Properties --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.4.4 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- CRITICAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGICAL STATEMENTS / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Nature of the Projects Reviewed --- p.54 / Chapter 4.3 --- Quality of the Ecological Assessment --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Ecological Baseline Study --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Impact Predictions --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Mitigation --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Environmental Monitoring and Auditing --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- Differences in Ecological Statements before and after EIAO --- p.67 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Ecological Baseline Study and Scoping --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Impact Predictions --- p.71 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring --- p.72 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- PROMISES AND REALITIES OF ECOLOGIAL COMPENSATORY SCHEMES / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2 --- Mangrove Communities at KSC and MDC --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Vegetation Performance --- p.77 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Soil Properties --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Discussion of the Overall Performance --- p.85 / Chapter 5.3 --- Compensatory Fishponds --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Bird Use at Au Tau Compensatory Fishponds --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Total Bird Counts --- p.93 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Species Composition --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Avian Density --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- Species Diversity --- p.101 / Chapter 5.3.6 --- Discussion of Au Tau Compensatory Ponds --- p.102 / Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.107 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 6.1 --- Major Findings --- p.111 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion of Findings --- p.114 / Chapter 6.3 --- Recommendations --- p.119 / REFERENCES --- p.125 / APPENDIXES --- p.134

Yu Chi Cheung. / Thesis submitted in: August 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Declaration --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Plates --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- About Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Geography --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Climate --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Vegetation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Wildlife conservation in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Land Restoration --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- General processes of restoration --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Plantation in Hong Kong quarries --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Ecological succession in Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Problems in quarry restoration --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Study sites --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Soil-plant ecosystem --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Insect study --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Lepidopteran as a study group --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Odonata as a study group --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4 --- Project Significant --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Soil Status in Restored Quarries in Hong Kong --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Soil sampling --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soil analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- General properties of soil in the restored quarries --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Soil description on different phases among the sites --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Soil comparison on different phases with the same age --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Vegetation Study of Restored Quarries --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Vegetation survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Quadrat analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Vegetation description --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Similarity index --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Species richness index --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Diversity index --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Evenness index --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Effective number of species --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Vegetation coverage on restored quarries --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Vegetation structure and diversity on restored quarries --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Ecological indices on various sites --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Successful plants at various phases among the sites --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Tree vs shrubs, native vs exotic" --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Butterfly Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Pollard-walk method --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General description of the butterfly communities --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Uncommon species found on the quarries --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Butterfly species found on various phases of the sites --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Ecological indices on various sites --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Moth Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.118 / Chapter 5 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Light trapping method --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- General description of moth community --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Ecological indices of moth on various sites --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Moth species found on various phases of the sites --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Ecological importance of Lepidopterans --- p.142 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.143 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter 6.1 --- Soil Development and Species Diversity --- p.145 / Chapter 6.2 --- Current Status of Restored Quarries in Hong Kong --- p.148 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conservation Value of Restored Quarries --- p.150 / Chapter 6.4 --- Limitation of the study --- p.151 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Light trap --- p.151 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Correlation vs causation --- p.153 / Chapter 6.5 --- Area for Further Investigation --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Seed bank analysis --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Other inventories --- p.154 / References --- p.156 / Appendix Odonate Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.170 / Introduction --- p.170 / Materials and Methods --- p.172 / Visual encounter survey --- p.172 / Statistical analysis --- p.172 / Results and Discussion --- p.173 / General description of odonate community --- p.173 / Ecological indices of odonate on various sites --- p.175 / Odonates species on various phases of the sites --- p.179 / Conclusion --- p.183 / References --- p.184

Wong Kwan Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 276-315). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.II / ABSTRACT --- p.III / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VIII / APPENDICES (IN CD) --- p.XIII / LIST OF TABLES --- p.XV / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.XIX / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- lNTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Ecotourism Opportunity in Hong Kong and Ecotourism Planning --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Habitat Mapping and Conservation Areas Selection --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Lantau Island and the Concept Plan --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY --- p.7 / Chapter 1.3 --- SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- SCOPE OF THE STUDY --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS --- p.11 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- WILDLIFE HABITAT MAPPING --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Habitat Requirements and Factors Influencing Wildlife Distribution --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Habitat Mapping: Past and Present --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Remote Sensing, GIS and Habitat Mapping" --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Multivariate Statistical Habitat Modeling Approaches --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- "Biological Diversity, Species Richness and Conservation Planning" --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Gap Analysis Program (GAP) and Conservation Planning --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- ECOTOURISM PLANNING AND MULTIPLE CRITERIA ANALYSIS (MCA) --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- ECOTOURISM AND PLANNING MODEL --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- GIS and Multiple Criteria Analysis as decision support tools --- p.42 / Chapter 2.4 --- SUMMARY --- p.49 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.51 / Chapter 3.1 --- lNTRODUCTION --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- STUDY SITE DESCRIPTION --- p.53 / Chapter 3.3 --- METHODOLOGY OVERVIEW --- p.56 / Chapter 3.4 --- GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) DATABASE --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Hong Kong Biodiversity Survey --- p.58 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Land Cover Classification of Hong Kong --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.2.1 --- Acquisition and Pre-processing of Remotely-Sensed Data --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4.2.2 --- Land Cover Classification and Post Classification --- p.67 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- GIS Database --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.3.1 --- Acquisition of GIS Data --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.3.2 --- GIS Operations --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4.3.3 --- Criteria for Multiple Criteria Analysis (MCA) --- p.80 / Chapter 3.5 --- WILDLIFE HABITAT MAPPING --- p.81 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Generation of Pseudo-absence Data-point --- p.87 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) --- p.88 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Generalized Additive Model (GAM) --- p.95 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Model Comparison and Selection --- p.100 / Chapter 3.5.5 --- Identification of Biodiversity Hotspots --- p.101 / Chapter 3.5.6 --- Overlap Analysis of Taxonomic Groups --- p.102 / Chapter 3.5.7 --- Gap Analysis --- p.102 / Chapter 3.6 --- SITE SELECTION FOR COMPATIBLE TOURISM ACTIVITIES THROUGH MCA --- p.103 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Establishment of Evaluation Criteria: Constraints and Factors --- p.103 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Standardization of Factors --- p.104 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Weights Assignment and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) --- p.106 / Chapter 3.6.4 --- Decision Rule: The Simple Additive Weighting method (SAW) --- p.111 / Chapter 3.7 --- FORMULATION OF ZONING PLAN THROUGH MOLA --- p.112 / Chapter 3.8 --- EVALUATION OF THE CONCEPT PLAN FOR LANTAU --- p.119 / Chapter 3.9 --- SUMMARY --- p.121 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (l) 一 MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL WILDLIFE HABITAT MAPPING AND BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS IDENTIFICATION --- p.125 / Chapter 4.1 --- lNTRODUCTION --- p.125 / Chapter 4.2 --- DATA EXPLORATION --- p.126 / Chapter 4.3 --- IDENTIFICATION OF HABITAT FOR AMPHIBIAN SPECIES --- p.126 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) --- p.127 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) --- p.131 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Generalized Additive Model (GAM) --- p.135 / Chapter 4.4 --- IDENTIFICATION OF HABITAT FOR BIRD SPECIES --- p.139 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) --- p.141 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) --- p.144 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Generalized Additive Model (GAM) --- p.149 / Chapter 4.5 --- IDENTIFICATION OF HABITAT FOR BUTTERFLY SPECIES --- p.153 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) --- p.154 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) --- p.158 / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Generalized Additive Model (GAM) --- p.163 / Chapter 4.6 --- IDENTIFICATION OF HABITAT FOR DRAGONFLY SPECIES --- p.168 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) --- p.169 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) --- p.173 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Generalized Additive Model (GAM) --- p.178 / Chapter 4.7 --- IDENTIFICATION OF HABITAT FOR MAMMAL SPECIES --- p.183 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- Ecological Niche Factor Analysis (ENFA) --- p.183 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- Binary Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) --- p.186 / Chapter 4.7.3 --- Generalized Additive Model (GAM) --- p.189 / Chapter 4.8 --- MODEL SELECTION --- p.192 / Chapter 4.9 --- IDENTIFICATION OF BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS --- p.194 / Chapter 4.10 --- CORRELATIONS BETWEEN TAXONOMIC GROUPS --- p.196 / Chapter 4.11 --- GAP ANALYSIS --- p.197 / Chapter 4.12 --- SUMMARY --- p.203 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (II) 一 TOURISM PLANNING AND ZONE ALLOCATION --- p.205 / Chapter 5.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.205 / Chapter 5.2 --- SITE SELECTION FOR COMPATIBLE TOURISM ACTIVITIES lN LANTAU ISLAND --- p.206 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Potential Campsite selection --- p.206 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- Evaluation factors --- p.207 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- Factor weights from the AHP --- p.208 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- Results --- p.209 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Potential Hiking Route Selection --- p.213 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Evaluation factors --- p.214 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- Factor weights from the AHP --- p.215 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Results --- p.217 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Potential Cycling and Picnic Site Selection --- p.225 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- Evaluation factors --- p.225 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- Factor weights from the AHP --- p.227 / Chapter 5.2.3.3 --- Results --- p.228 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Potential Tourism Development Site Selection --- p.234 / Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- Evaluation factors --- p.234 / Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- Factor weights from the AHP --- p.235 / Chapter 5.2.4.3 --- Results --- p.236 / Chapter 5.3 --- ZONE ALLOCATION AND ZONING PLANS --- p.240 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Potential Conflicting Sites --- p.240 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Scenario 1: Conservation-oriented --- p.242 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Scenario 2: Equal-preference --- p.246 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Scenario 3: Recreation-and-tourism-development-oriented --- p.249 / Chapter 5.4 --- EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATION FOR THE CONCEPT PLAN --- p.252 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Exploring Additional Conservation Needs --- p.252 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Maximizing Recreational Opportunities --- p.257 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- Tourism Development --- p.258 / Chapter 5.5 --- SUMMARY --- p.262 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.264 / Chapter 6.1 --- SUMMARY OF THE STUDY --- p.264 / Chapter 6.2 --- LIMITATION OF THE STUDY --- p.267 / Chapter 6.3 --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.271 / REFERENCES --- p.276