Yu Chi Cheung. / Thesis submitted in: August 2005. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 156-169). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Declaration --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.vii / List of Plates --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- About Hong Kong --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Geography --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Climate --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Vegetation --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Wildlife conservation in Hong Kong --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2 --- Land Restoration --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- General processes of restoration --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Plantation in Hong Kong quarries --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Ecological succession in Hong Kong --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Problems in quarry restoration --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Study sites --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Soil-plant ecosystem --- p.27 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Insect study --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Lepidopteran as a study group --- p.29 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Odonata as a study group --- p.31 / Chapter 1.4 --- Project Significant --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Soil Status in Restored Quarries in Hong Kong --- p.35 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Soil sampling --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soil analysis --- p.37 / Chapter 2.3 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- General properties of soil in the restored quarries --- p.39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Soil description on different phases among the sites --- p.43 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Soil comparison on different phases with the same age --- p.45 / Chapter 2.5 --- Conclusion --- p.47 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Vegetation Study of Restored Quarries --- p.49 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Vegetation survey --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Quadrat analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Vegetation description --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Similarity index --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Species richness index --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3.3 --- Diversity index --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.4 --- Evenness index --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.5 --- Effective number of species --- p.54 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Vegetation coverage on restored quarries --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Vegetation structure and diversity on restored quarries --- p.58 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Ecological indices on various sites --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Successful plants at various phases among the sites --- p.80 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Tree vs shrubs, native vs exotic" --- p.85 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusion --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Butterfly Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.89 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Pollard-walk method --- p.90 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General description of the butterfly communities --- p.95 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Uncommon species found on the quarries --- p.99 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Butterfly species found on various phases of the sites --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Ecological indices on various sites --- p.114 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Moth Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.118 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.118 / Chapter 5 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.119 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Light trapping method --- p.119 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- General description of moth community --- p.120 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Ecological indices of moth on various sites --- p.123 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Moth species found on various phases of the sites --- p.129 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Ecological importance of Lepidopterans --- p.142 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.143 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusion --- p.145 / Chapter 6.1 --- Soil Development and Species Diversity --- p.145 / Chapter 6.2 --- Current Status of Restored Quarries in Hong Kong --- p.148 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conservation Value of Restored Quarries --- p.150 / Chapter 6.4 --- Limitation of the study --- p.151 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Light trap --- p.151 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Correlation vs causation --- p.153 / Chapter 6.5 --- Area for Further Investigation --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Seed bank analysis --- p.154 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Other inventories --- p.154 / References --- p.156 / Appendix Odonate Communities on Restored Quarries --- p.170 / Introduction --- p.170 / Materials and Methods --- p.172 / Visual encounter survey --- p.172 / Statistical analysis --- p.172 / Results and Discussion --- p.173 / General description of odonate community --- p.173 / Ecological indices of odonate on various sites --- p.175 / Odonates species on various phases of the sites --- p.179 / Conclusion --- p.183 / References --- p.184