No description available.

Five allelic, maternal-effect mutations which affect developmental and behavioral timing in Caenorhabditis elegans have been identified. They result in a mean lengthening of embryonic and post-embryonic development, the cell cycle period, and life span, as well as the periods of the defecation, swimming, and pumping cycles. These mutants also display a number of additional phenotypes related to timing. For example, the variability in the length of embryonic development is several times larger in the mutants than in the wild-type, resulting in the occasional production of mutant embryos developing more rapidly than the most rapidly-developing wild-type embryos. In addition, the duration of embryonic development and the length of the defecation cycle of the mutants, but not of the wild-type, depends on the temperature at which their parents were raised. Finally, individual variations in the severity of distinct mutant phenotypes are correlated in a counter-intuitive way. For example, the animals with the shortest embryonic development have the longest defecation cycle and those with the longest embryonic development have the shortest defecation cycle. Most of the features affected by these mutations are believed to be controlled by biological clocks, and we therefore call the gene defined by these mutations clk-1, for "abnormal function of biological clocks".

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1959. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-162).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Committee on Neurobiology, August 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed June 8, 2007). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-188).

Determinamos a presença de RNA mensageiro de melanopsina em células embrionárias ZEM-2S por PCR, o que foi confirmado por sequenciamento. Os experimentos de PCR para receptores de melatonina em cDNA de células ZEM-2S sugeriram a presença do subtipo MT2 em células ZEM-2S. Não foram identificadas bandas correspondentes ao peso esperado para MT1 ou Mel 1C. A identidade do receptor MT2 em ZEM-2S foi confirmada por sequenciamento. Determinamos ainda que, em células embrionárias ZEM-2S, os seis genes Cry conhecidos para Danio rerio estão expressos. Quando as células ZEM-2S foram expostas ao regime de claro e escuro (12C:12E), a expressão de melanopsina apresentou dois picos: no início da fase de claro ZT3, e no início da fase de escuro ZT12. Estes picos foram mantidos quando as células foram submetidas a escuro constante e, curiosamente, em todos os ZTs houve aumento significativo de expressão quando comparados aos ZTs equivalentes das células submetidas a ciclo claro:escuro. Melanopsina não apresentou ritmicidade de expressão em células ZEM-2S em nenhuma das condições. No entanto, há uma tendência a ritmicidade em células mantidas em 12C:12E, que desaparece em escuro constante. O pulso de melatonina aparentemente estimulou a expressão na fase de escuro subjetivo, mas sem significância estatística. O RNAm de Clock não exibiu ritmo em células ZEM-2S mantidas em condições de 12C:12E, escuro constante, ou em escuro constante recebendo pulso de melatonina. Há no entanto visível tendência a aumento de expressão na escotofase e durante o escuro subjetivo, a qual é abolida pelo pulso de melatonina. O RNAm de Per 1 e Cry 1b apresentou marcada ritmicidade em células submetidas a fotoperíodo 12C:12E. Vê-se aumento significativo 3 horas antes do início da fase de luz (ZT21), e acentuado declínio na fase de escuro. Em escuro constante, a ritmicidade de Per1 e Cry1b foi grandemente atenuada, mas persistiu. O pulso de melatonina foi ineficaz em recuperar a amplitude da ritmicidade observada em 12C:12E, e ainda mais, aboliu a ritmicidade para ambos os genes. Após um pulso de melatonina, os genes Clock, Per1 e Cry1b de células ZEM- 2S perderam a expressão rítmica que ainda persistia em escuro constante. É provável que melatonina, semelhantemente ao observado em outras preparações, iniba a fosforilação de CREB nas células ZEM-2S, assim reduzindo a ativação dos promotores dos genes do relógio. De qualquer forma, poderíamos interpretar que a melatonina traz os genes de relógio para um mesmo patamar, dessa forma reajustando o ritmo, independente da fase. Nosso estudo traz contribuições importantes para o conhecimento da fisiologia de relógios periféricos e abre novas perspectivas para futuras investigações sobre mecanismos subjacentes a ritmos em células isoladas e sua regulação por hormônios e luz. / The presence of melanopsin mRNA in ZEM-2S embryonic cells was determined through PCR, followed by sequencing. PCR experiments for melatonin receptors with ZEM-2S cell cDNA suggested the presence of the MT2 subtype. Bands corresponding to the expected weight for MT1 or Mel 1C were not identified. The identity of the MT2 receptor in ZEM-2S was confirmed through sequencing. We have also determined that the six Cry genes known in Danio rerio are expressed in ZEM-2S embryonic cells. When ZEM-2S cells were submitted to a light:dark (12L:12D) cycle, melanopsin expression presented two peaks, one at the beginning of the light phase (ZT3), the other at the beginning of the dark phase (ZT12). These peaks of expression remained when the cells were kept under constant darkness, and interestingly, a significant rise in expression was found in all ZTs when compared with the corresponding ZTs of cells kept under the light:dark cycle. Melanopsin did not exhibit a rhythmic expression in ZEM-2S cells in none of the conditions. However, there is a tendency of a rhythm in cells kept under 12L:12D, which disappears under constant darkness. Melatonin pulse seems to stimulate the expression during the subjective dark phase, but without any statistical significance. Clock mRNA did not present a rhythm in ZEM-2S cells kept either under 12L:12D, constant darkness or constant darkness with a melatonin pulse. However, there is a tendency of a rise in expression during the dark phase and during the subjective darkness, which is abolished by the melatonin pulse. Per 1 and Cry 1b mRNAs presented a robust rhythmicity in cells kept under 12L:12D. There is a significant rise three hours before the beginning of the light phase (ZT21), and sharp fall during the dark phase. Under constant darkness, Per1 and Cry1b rhythmicity, although present, was greatly attenuated. Melatonin pulse was not able to recover the amplitude observed under 12L:12D, moreover, it abolished rhythmicity of both genes. After melatonin pulse, Clock, Per1 and Cry1b genes in ZEM-2S cells lost the rhythmic expression, which still persisted under constant darkness. It is possible that 48 melatonin, as observed in other preparations, inhibits the phosphorylation of CREB in ZEM-2S cells, reducing the activation of the Clock genes promoters. Anyway, one could interpret that melatonin brings the Clock genes to the same level, therefore resetting the rhythm, independently of the phase. This study brings important contributions to the understanding of peripheral Clock physiology and opens new perspectives for future investigations of the underlying mechanisms of rhythms in isolated cells and their regulation by hormones and light.

Orientador: Milva Maria Figueiredo De Martino / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:29:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simoes_AnaLedaBertoncini_M.pdf: 1152293 bytes, checksum: 939294f259cff182dfd66288e6a3ac44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a variabilidade circadiana das temperaturas timpânica, oral e axilar; correlacionar as medidas da temperatura timpânica considerando o ângulo de posicionamento e comparar as medidas entre si, em pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Participaram, 15 pacientes do sexo masculino sem sinais de processos infecciosos, com idade entre 22 a 75 anos com diversos diagnósticos clínico e cirúrgico, internados nas enfermarias de Cardiologia, Gastroclínica e Enfermaria Geral de Adultos (EGA). Foram medidas as temperaturas ao longo do período de vigília, iniciando às 6 horas da manhã e a última às 22 horas, com um total de nove medidas. Verificou-se também a temperatura ambiente nas enfermarias durante o período das 5h30, às 14 horas e às 20 horas. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença significativa entre as médias dos termômetros; as médias dos horários medidos; às médias entre as temperaturas dos termômetros no período noturno e entre as médias nos períodos matutino e vespertino (p-value=0,0001). Não houve diferença significativa entre os horários medidos no período noturno (p-value=0,8) e entre as médias das temperaturas nos períodos matutino e vespertino (p-value=0,4), quando utilizada a técnica paramétrica de análise de variância e o teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas. O nível de significância adotado foi ? = 0,05. O termômetro timpânico registrou a variabilidade circadiana dos pacientes e seus valores de temperatura foram maiores em relação aos outros locais de medida / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar a variabilidade circadiana das temperaturas timpânica, oral e axilar; correlacionar as medidas da temperatura timpânica considerando o ângulo de posicionamento e comparar as medidas entre si, em pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Participaram, 15 pacientes do sexo masculino sem sinais de processos infecciosos, com idade entre 22 a 75 anos com diversos diagnósticos clínico e cirúrgico, internados nas enfermarias de Cardiologia, Gastroclínica e Enfermaria Geral de Adultos (EGA). Foram medidas as temperaturas ao longo do período de vigília, iniciando às 6 horas da manhã e a última às 22 horas, com um total de nove medidas. Verificou-se também a temperatura ambiente nas enfermarias durante o período das 5h30, às 14 horas e às 20 horas. Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença significativa entre as médias dos termômetros; as médias dos horários medidos; às médias entre as temperaturas dos termômetros no período noturno e entre as médias nos períodos matutino e vespertino (p-value=0,0001). Não houve diferença significativa entre os horários medidos no período noturno (p-value=0,8) e entre as médias das temperaturas nos períodos matutino e vespertino (p-value=0,4), quando utilizada a técnica paramétrica de análise de variância e o teste de Tukey para comparações múltiplas. O nível de significância adotado foi ? = 0,05. O termômetro timpânico registrou a variabilidade circadiana dos pacientes e seus valores de temperatura foram maiores em relação aos outros locais de medida / Abstract: The aim of this research was to verify the daily variation of the tympanic, oral and axillary temperatures, and correlate measurements of the Tympanic temperature considering the positioning angle and to compare the set of measurements in adult volunteer patients during treatment in the Clinics Hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo. The results refer to fifteen male in patients, 22 to 75 years old with no signal of infectious processes, having different clinical and cirurgic diagnostics in the Cardiology, Gastroclinics, and Adult General Nursery. The temperatures were measured nine times between 6 am and 10 pm. The ambient nurserys temperature was also monitored, at 5:30 am, 2 pm, and 8 pm. The results show that there was a significant difference between: the mean measured temperatures in different positions; the mean values of the different scheduled times; the mean values of the morning and afternoon periods (p-value=0,0001). When using the parametric technique of analysis of variance and the Tukey¿s test of multiple comparation, there was no significant difference between the measured values (p-value=0,8). The significance level adopted was ? = 0,05. The tympanic thermometer has registered the daily variation of the patients¿ temperature and its values were bigger than the measured by the other places of measurement / Abstract: The aim of this research was to verify the daily variation of the tympanic, oral and axillary temperatures, and correlate measurements of the Tympanic temperature considering the positioning angle and to compare the set of measurements in adult volunteer patients during treatment in the Clinics Hospital of Universidade Estadual de Campinas, São Paulo. The results refer to fifteen male in patients, 22 to 75 years old with no signal of infectious processes, having different clinical and cirurgic diagnostics in the Cardiology, Gastroclinics, and Adult General Nursery. The temperatures were measured nine times between 6 am and 10 pm. The ambient nurserys temperature was also monitored, at 5:30 am, 2 pm, and 8 pm. The results show that there was a significant difference between: the mean measured temperatures in different positions; the mean values of the different scheduled times; the mean values of the morning and afternoon periods (p-value=0,0001). When using the parametric technique of analysis of variance and the Tukey¿s test of multiple comparation, there was no significant difference between the measured values (p-value=0,8). The significance level adopted was ? = 0,05. The tympanic thermometer has registered the daily variation of the patients¿ temperature and its values were bigger than the measured by the other places of measurement / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem

Earth’s organisms are exposed to day-night cycles. These periodic changes in environmental factors, such as temperature and light exposure, trigger regulatory processes that coordinate physiological adaptations in organisms. Circadian organisms, i.e., most eukaryotes and some phototrophic bacteria, undergo autonomous 24-hour biological rhythms that are synchronized to day-night cycles via sensing light cues. However, the extent to which non-phototrophic bacteria tune their physiology to diurnal cycles and exhibit rhythmic behavior has been underexplored. For my thesis work, I investigated how the chemotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa responds to light and temperature signals. This metabolically versatile bacterium regulates its physiology through a vast array of environmental sensing mechanisms and has evolved multiple strategies to cope with redox imbalances. This thesis seeks to address how P. aeruginosa coordinates its metabolic and redox-balancing programs in response to light and temperature changes that occur in its environmental niche. In Chapter 1, I will present background information on relevant concepts such as biological rhythms and photosensory mechanisms and discuss how these principles are connected to physiological adaptations and metabolic plasticity in both phototrophic and non-phototrophic organisms, with a specific focus on chemotrophic bacteria. In Chapter 2, I will demonstrate that P. aeruginosa biofilm development is attenuated by light and that this process is regulated by the integration of light and redox signals. My work presented in Chapter 3 will provide evidence that the transcriptomic and metabolic landscape of P. aeruginosa is vastly reorganized in response to light/dark cycles. In the Chapter 4, I will explore how this reprogramming is manifested through activity by the respiratory machinery and I will demonstrate that P. aeruginosa undergoes intrinsic respiratory oscillations. As an opportunistic pathogen, P. aeruginosa will experience circadian-controlled changes during infection of a (circadian) host through host immune activity as well as exposure to cyclic environmental factors like light and temperature. I will discuss how environmental sensing is relevant for P. aeruginosa’s adaptation to its host-associated lifestyle. In conclusion, the research presented in this thesis establishes that P. aeruginosa exhibits an intricate physiological response to environmental signals, particularly light and temperature. This thesis contributes to a growing body of work that underscores how bacteria have evolved intricate mechanisms to integrate information about their environmental habitat, including host-associated conditions.

No description available.