Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet ANR Génétic EquipemeNt for biothrEat enviroNmental Analysis and SurveillancE (GENEASE). Ce projet porte sur l'étude d'un système de surveillance et d'analyse biologique en continu de l'environnement, compact et sensible. Cette analyse se fait par une méthode de biologie moléculaire par la détection et l'identification de plusieurs agents biologiques simultanément. Le dispositif visé doit intégrer l'ensemble des fonctions de la collecte de l'échantillon au rendu du résultat. Ce projet s'inscrit essentiellement dans l'axe « gestion de crise » puisqu'il porte sur l'étude d'un équipement mobile et portable de détection et d'identification biologique. Notre tâche est de mettre en place un système qui détecte (ou non) la présence de l'espèce puis d'estimer sa concentration. Cette estimation est faite à partir des données de fluorescence via le nombre du cycle repère (ou instant de rupture). Il s'agit donc d'intégrer dans la même ap-proche la discrimination pour détecter et la régression pour qualifier. En outre, le but est de construire un modèle statistique qui, à partir de la seule observation de la fluorescence d'une goutte, calcule une estimation du cycle repère et en déduire une estimation de la concentration de l'espèce à qualifier tout en minimisant le retard à la détection. Le travail constitue à poser un modèle statistique pour déterminer en temps continu à partir de quel instant on observe ce cycle repère sur la fluorescence. / This thesis is part of the ANR project, Génétic EquipemeNt for biothrEat enviroNmental Analysis and SurveillancE (GENEASE). This project focuses on the study of a system for monitoring and continuous analysis of biological environment. This analysis is done by a molecular biology method for the detection and identificatio of varions biological agents simultaneously. The device referred must integrate aIl the functions of sample collection of the rendering of the result. This project is essentially part of the axis "crisis management" since it focuses on the study of a mobile and portable equipment for the biological detection and identification. Our task i to develop a system that detects (or not) the presence of the species and to estimate its concentration. This estimation is based on fluorescence data using the number of the reference cycle (or break time). It is therefore to integrate into the same approach to the discrimination detect and the régression to qualify. In addition, the aim is to build a statistical model which from the single observation of the fluorescence of a drop, calculates an estimatation of the reference cycle and deduce an estimation of the concentration of the species to qualify while minimizing the delay at the detection. The work is to present a statistical model to determine continuous time fror the moment we observe this reference cycle on the fluorescence.

A system was developed to perform real-time biological threat agent (BTA) detection with a small autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Biological sensors just recently reached a level of miniaturization and sensitivity that made UAV integration a feasible task. A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor was integrated for the first time into a small UAV platform, allowing the UAV platform to collect and then quantify the concentration of an aerosolized biological agent in real-time. A sensor operator ran the SPR unit through a groundstation laptop and was able to wirelessly view detection results in real time. An aerial sampling mechanism was also developed for use with the SPR sensor. The collection system utilized a custom impinger setup to collect and concentrate aerosolized particles. The particles were then relocated and pressurized for use with the SPR sensor. The sampling system was tested by flying the UAV through a ground based plume of water soluble dye. During a second flight test utilizing the onboard SPR sensor, a sucrose solution was autonomously aerosolized, collected, and then detected by the combined sampling and SPR sensor subsystems, validating the system\'s functionality. The real-time BTA detection system has paved the way for future work quantifying biological agents in the atmosphere and performing source localization procedures. / Master of Science