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Frozen section diagnosis (FSD) is a method implemented within the field of clinical histopathology and is used primarily intraoperatively to guide the surgical team, with regard to, for example, the severity and spread of the affliction. However, medical professionals typically refrain from relying on FSD due to the poor morphological outcome when compared to paraffin sectioning. There are several contributing factors for the lesser quality of FSD sections with one being the type of tissue evaluated and a prominent example of this is lung tissue.Optimizing the quality of sections obtained from FSD could provide more accurate diagnoses for patients.This thesis aims to assess various parameters related to FSD procedures to improve the morphological outcome. Comparisons between no injection and the injection of different solutions pre-freezing were made. Additionally, two different methods that are referred to as freehand- and tape-sectioning were compared. The results of the injections indicate that using O.C.T improves both the architecture of the tissue as well as the morphology. For practical reasons, O.C.T diluted 1:1 with saline was determined to be the best alternative to use in a clinical laboratory. When comparing the different sectioning methods, the Cryo-Jane tape transfer system produced a better section quality in the cases with injected O.C.T. Freehand sectioning did produce better results regarding connective tissue as well as cytoplasm. This means that depending on what parameters are deemed most important by the pathologist both methods have their distinct advantages.

Introduction: Chronic Achilles Tendinopathy (CAT) is a common sports injury that affects a substantial portion of the population. One of the clinical treatments of CAT is ultrasound guided sclerosis (UGS), the efficacy of which is both supported and contested in a numberof previous reports.  Aim: The aim of the study was to assess current and former CAT diagnosed patients’ experiences of stiffness, pain and function of the Achilles tendon (AT) before and after UGS, in order to determine the treatment efficacy. Methods: A retrospective study based on a modified Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment – Achilles – Survey (VISA-A-S). VISA-A-S questionnaire, with 123 study participants, allof whom were treated at Uppsala University Hospital between 2016-2020 and who had experienced stiffness, pain, and dysfunction of AT before and after UGS. Statistical analysis was performed Wilcoxon Signed-Rank tests. Results: The response rate to the survey questionnaire was 62%. In total, 80% of all study participants reported that they were satisfied with the treatment. After UGS, 74% reported shorter period of morning stiffness, 85% had less pain and 84% experienced improved function, as compared to before the treatment (P<0.0001 for all). Conclusion: The results of this study were both statistically and clinically significant. Based on the results of this retrospective study, it is reasonable to conclude that UGS is an effective clinical procedure in treating CAT. This means that this study confirms conclusions of a part of previous studies on the effectiveness of the UGS treatment, which had indicated that UGS is an effective treatment of CAT.