No description available.

Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1623. Adviser: Luisa Franzini. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Jose Pedrazzoli Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T09:45:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_DanielRosside_D.pdf: 1666073 bytes, checksum: 1437407c543022990155fc5709053ecc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o comportamento in vivo e in vitro de duas formulações de pantoprazol. Além disso, foi proposta a classificação biofarmacêutica provisional do fármaco, bem como uma correlação in vitro - in vivo não linear (IVIVR). Os estudos in vivo foram conduzidos em dose única em jejum (n=28) e pós-prandial (n=62) com desenho cruzado e randomizado. As concentrações plasmáticas de pantoprazol foram determinadas por LC-MS/MS. Os parâmetros farmacocinéticos e a deconvolução dos dados de concentração plasmática versus tempo foram obtidos empregando-se o programa WinNonlin 5.2 - IVIVC toolkit (Pharsight, EUA). Os perfis de dissolução foram avaliados em meios biorelevantes (FaSSIF e FeSSIF) nos aparatos USP 2 e 3 e as curvas de dissolução foram comparadas considerando os cálculos de f2 ou modelos dependentes. Os valores da solubilidade, Log P e cLog P do pantoprazol foram obtidos do Merck Index (Whitehouse Station, EUA) e do programa ChemDraw Ultra 10.0 (Cambridgesoft, EUA). Os dados de permeabilidade do pantoprazol forma obtidos do programa ADMET Predictor (Simulations Plus, EUA). A classificação biofarmacêutica provisional do pantoprazol foi proposta considerando o fármaco metoprolol como referência. A IVIVR foi estabelecida entre as frações dissolvidas (Fd), dos ensaios no aparato 2, com as frações absorvidas dos estudos in vivo. Para o estudo em jejum os valores dos intervalos de confiança 90% para os parâmetros Cmax (0.94-1.03) e ASC0-t (0.89-0.99) apresentaram-se dentro dos limites de confiança (0.8-1.25). Entretanto, os intervalos de confiança do estudo pós-prandial não se apresentaram dentro dos limites de confiança. Os perfis de dissolução nos aparatos USP 2 e 3 demonstraram a mesma disposição das formulações nos meios FaSSIF e FeSSIF, considerando o modelos de f2 e Weibull. Os valores de solubilidade, Log P e permeabilidade para o fármaco pantoprazol obtidos in silico permitiram a classificação do fármaco como de alta solubilidade e baixa permeabilidade. A IVIVR não linear obtida para as formulações de pantoprazol indicaram que a permeabilidade é fator limitante para a absorção. Enfim, os perfis de dissolução no meio biorelevante FaSSIF, nos aparatos USP 2 e 3, puderam ser empregados para prever o comportamento in vivo das formulações. O pantoprazol foi classificado como um fármaco classe III e a IVIVR não-linear obtida confirma a classificação biofarmacêutica provisional. Além disso, pôde-se sugerir a bioisenção para formulações de pantoprazol com base nos resultados dos estudos de dissolução em meios biorelevantes e na conhecida segurança e tolerabilidade desse fármaco. / Abstract: The purpose of the study was to compare the in vivo and in vitro behaviour of pantoprazole formulations. Moreover, a provisional biopharmaceutical classification of the drug (BCS) was proposed as well as a non-linear in vitro - in vivo relationship (IVIVR). The in vivo studies were conducted under single dose in fasting (n=28) and fed conditions (n=62) and randomized crossover design. Plasma concentrations of pantoprazole were determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters and deconvolution data were calculated from the observed plasma-concentration time profiles by WinNonlin 5.2 - IVIVC toolkit (Pharsight, USA). Dissolution profiles were evaluated in biorelevant media (FaSSIF and FeSSIF) in USP apparatus 2 and 3 and the dissolution curves were compared to either f2 values or model-independent approach. The solubility, Log P and cLogP data of pantoprazole were obtained from Merck Index (Whitehouse Station, USA) and ChemDraw Ultra 10.0 (Cambridgesoft, USA). The permeability data of pantoprazole were calculated by ADMET Predictor (Simulations Plus, USA). The provisional biopharmaceutical classification of pantoprazole was proposed considering metoprolol as a reference drug. The IVIVR analysis was evaluated considering the dissolved drug fraction (Fd) from apparatus 2 and the absorved drug fraction (Fa) from the in vivo studies. Under fasting condition the 90% C.I for Cmax (0.94-1.03) and AUC0-t (0.89-0.99) were within the range of bioequivalence (0.8-1.25). However, the results of the fed study were not within the BE range. The dissolution profiles in USP apparatus 2 and 3 demonstrated a similar disposition of both formulations in FaSSIF and FeSSIF media considering f2 and Weibull's models. The solubility, Log P and permeability values of pantoprazole obtained by in silico evaluation allowed the classification of pantoprazole as a highly soluble and low permeability drug. The non-linear IVIVR obtained for the pantoprazole formulations indicated that absorption of pantoprazole is limited by permeability. In conclusion, the dissolution profiles in the biorelevant medium (FaSSIF) on both USP apparatus 2 and 3 may be used as a tool to predict the in vivo disposition of the formulations. Pantoprazole was classified as a class III drug (BCS) corroborated by the non-linear IVIVR study to support this provisional classification. Furthermore, biowaiver may be granted for pantoprazole formulations on the basis of in vitro dissolution results in biorelevant media and the data available in the literature concerning high tolerability and safety of the drug. / Doutorado / Doutor em Farmacologia

Human performance will be altered by changes in movement speed. The inertial properties of human limbs may play an important role in these alterations. The effects of these changes may be observed with the measurement of joint and segmental mechanics, as well as muscular kinematics, kinetics and muscular activity patterns. In this study, the cycling motion was used to investigate these inertial effects, following the development of a new mechanical model that provided the theoretical basis of coordination changes with movement speed. The alteration of cycling performance with different pedaling speed was examined using: (1) Surface EMG as an indication of the changes in muscular coordination as a function of cadence; (2) Inverse dynamics and decomposition of mechanical parameters to identify the influence of gravitational, inertial, and external factors; and (3) Simulations via a musculoskeletal modeling approach to assess the contributions of individual muscles. As predicted by the theoretical model, an increase in pedaling speed produced greater changes at the hip joint compared to knee and ankle joint in both muscular activities and mechanical measures. The changes in muscular activity were evident in both the activity of the single joint hip extensor and the coordination among the synergistic muscles. The altered muscular activities with increased cadence were accompanied by changes in joint moments, in the order of hip, knee and ankle joint from greatest to smallest. Further, the responses in movement organization were not linearly related to the increased inertial influence as the pedaling speed increased. Finally, the simulation analysis demonstrated a compensatory relation between gastrocnemius and soleus muscular activities with different pedaling speeds, although the combined patterns of the two were consistent.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.